翻译理论与实践(24).doc

作业讲评：中国应当对人类有较大的贡献。在科学技术方面，我们古代，曾经创造过辉煌的的成就，四大发明对世界文明的进步起了伟大的作用。但是我们祖先的成就，只能用来巩固我们赶超世界先进水平的信心，而不能用来安慰我们现实的落后。我们现在在科学技术方面的创造，同我们这样一个社会主义国家的地位是很不相称的（incommensurate）。China ought to make a greater contribution to humanity. In ancient times, China had brilliant achievements in science and technology. Its four great inventions played a significant role in the advance of world culture. But our ancestors achievements can serve only to confirm our confidence in catching up with and surpassing advanced world levels and not to console us on our backwardness today. Our contributions to science and technology at present are highly incommensurate with the status of a socialist country like ours.adjacent ,adjective FORMALvery near, next to, or touching:They work in adjacent buildings.They lived in a house adjacent to the railway.Serried, adjective LITERARYpressed closely together, usually in lines:We flew over the city with its serried ranks of identical grey houses.Stupor,noun C usually singulara state in which a person is almost unconscious and their thoughts are very unclear:He was lying under the table in a drunken stupor.Halting, adjectivestopping often while you are saying or doing something, especially because you are nervous:He spoke quietly, in halting English.haltingly, adverbHe spoke haltingly (= often stopping) about his experiences as a hostage.vacant (NOT INTERESTED) adjectiveshowing no interest or activity:She had a vacant look/expression on her face.vacantly, adverbShe gazed/stared vacantly into space/ahead.成语的定义An idiom is a fixed group of words with a special different meaning from the the meanings of the separate words字义与喻义：You cant trust him to keep a secrethe is sure to spill the beans ( reveal a secret)He opened the tin and spilt the bean.A and B are talking on bboard a boat about some difficulties they have:A: I thought you could help me out of t this predicament.B: The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. You see, we are in the same boat.字义到喻义：具体到抽象：take root: An excellent idea has taken root in his mind.A square peg in a round holeRide the stormBring home the baconTo fish in troubled watersA rolling stone gathers no moss社会习俗的作用：back the wrong horseneck and neckto win /lose by a neck典故与成语：sour grapesthe lions shareto kill the goose that lays the golden eggs ( 伊索寓言)Hamlet without the Prince of Denmark A catch-22 situation （文学名著）The salt of the earth （圣经）Meet ones Waterloo （历史事件）成语的结构特点：1、词序不可任意颠倒：heart and soul, cats and dogs2、不能用同义词相互替代：give up the ghost, give up the apparition, release the ghost3、单数复数有讲究：odds and ends, beans, ghost4、语态、时态、句式：spill the beans, give up the ghost 不用被动语态call the shots (发号司令)用一般现在时，puff and blow (气喘吁吁)多用于进行体，sow the wind and reap the whirlwind (自食其果，恶有恶报) sow多用进行体，reap则常用于将来时态。A bed of roses 用在否定句；cross ones heart(在胸口划十字，起誓)一般用在祈使句。基本对应的成语：1、 an eye for an eye2、 kick the bucket3、 Great oaks from little acorms grow. 合抱之木，生于毫末。4、 Seeing is believing.5、 Pour oil on th flame; add fuel to the flame6、 Fish in troubled waters7、 The onlooker sees most of the game8、 A flash in the pan9、 Against /for a rainy day; 不时之需10、 Kill two birds with one stone11、 Call a spade a spade12、 Not see the wood for the trees13、 Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs14、 Have something at ones finger tips15、 By fits and starts16、 Give someone an inch and hell take an ell17、 Whats done is done18、 Castles in the air19、 Like a cat on hot bricks20、 What one loses on the swings one gets back on the roundabouts失之东隅，收之桑榆21、 Between the devil and the deep sea22、 Put all ones eggs in one basket23、 Escape by the skin of ones teeth24、 Have the gift of the gab能说会道25、 Hole and corner偷偷摸摸，鬼鬼祟祟26、 No smoke without fire部分对应的成语：1、 strike while the iron is hot (seize a good opportunity)2、 walls have ears3、 neither fish nor fowl非驴非马4、 six of one and half a dozen of the other5、 All is fish that comes to ones net抓到篮子里便是菜6、 Make a mountain out of a molehill7、 A bolt from the blue8、 Have an axe to grind9、 With ones heart in ones mouth提心吊胆；捏一把汗10、 Put the clock back开倒车11、 be sent off with a flea in ones ear碰一鼻子灰；碰钉子12、 get down to brass tacks直截了当13、 murder will out纸包不住火14、 rack ones brains绞尽脑汁，挖空心思15、 diamond cut diamond棋逢对手16、 cut the Gordian knot快刀斩乱麻17、 fineferthers make fine birds佛要金装，人要衣装18、 hide ones light under a bushel不露锋芒19、 hang by a thread千钧一发，岌岌可危20、 new brooms sweep clean21、 as bold as brass厚颜无耻22、 it never rains but pours祸不单行23、 put oneself in someones place设身处地24、 a round peg in a square hole格格不入25、 plain sailing26、 with rhyme or reason无缘无故，毫无道理27、 at sixes and sevens28、 hit the nail on the head一针见血，击中要害29、 kick someone when he is down30、 birds of the same ferther31、 be afraid of ones shadow- 疑神疑鬼32、 apple of someones eye33、 gild the lily画蛇添足34、 follow in soneones footsteps35、 a lion in the way36、 bite off more than one can chew37、 the pot calls the kettle black五十步笑百步38、 a dog in the manger占着茅坑不拉屎39、 bury ones head in the sand掩耳盗铃40、 eat humble pie忍辱含垢41、 make a come-back东山再起，卷土重来42、 kick down the ladder43、 out of the frying pan into the fire避坑落井44、 eat ones cake and have it又要马儿好，又要马儿不吃草45、 the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.46、 Throw the baby out of the bathwater因噎废食47、 Cast pearls before swine明珠暗投；对牛弹琴48、 Wash ones hands of洗手不干49、 Put the cart before the horse本末倒置50、 A black sheep害群之马51、 No respector of persons一视同仁52、 Make a fool of oneself出洋相53、 A blessing in disguise塞翁失马，安只非福54、 Rob Peter to pay Paul挖肉补疮；拆东墙，补西墙55、 Nip in the bud防范未然；防微杜渐56、 Wet behind the ears乳臭未干不对应或基本不对应的有：1、pull ones leg2、move heaven and earth3、childs play4、eat ones words5、dog eat dog (ruthless and savage competition)6、touch and go (narrow escape, risky) 一触即发 7、throw a sprat to catch a whale 抛砖引玉8、one can not make a silk purse out of a sows ear 巧妇难为无米之炊9、strange bedfellows 同床异梦10、A miss is as good as a mile.差之毫厘，失之千里11、lock the stable door after the horse is stolen 亡羊补牢12、Beggars can not be choosers.饥不择食13、in the same boat 同舟共济14、a friend in need 患难之交15、once bitter, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳16、a