计算机基础_习题.doc

Topic: Increasing Opportunity CostSkill: Conceptual32)The nations production possibilities frontier is bowed outward. Suppose that the government decides to increase the production of armaments by $20 billion, and that as a result the output of consumer goods falls by $20 billion. If a further $20 billion increase beyond the initial $20 billion increase in armaments output is sought, we can expect that the output of consumer goods and services will fall further byA)less than $20 billion.B)$20 billion.C)more than $20 billion.D)There is not enough information to determine the answer.Answer: CTopic: Increasing Opportunity CostSkill: Conceptual/AnalyticalAuthor: MN51)One point on a PPF shows production levels at 50 tons of coffee and 100 tons of bananas. Remaining on the PPF, an increase of banana production to 140 tons shows coffee production at 30 tons. Still remaining on the PPF, we see that coffee production at 10 tons allows banana production at 160 tons. The opportunity cost of a ton of bananas isA)constant because coffee production decreased by the same amount each time.B)decreasing, since the increase in banana production is less at each point considered.C)16 to 1, that is every 1 ton of coffee given up will result in 16 more tons of bananas.D)increasing from 1/2 ton of coffee to 1 ton of coffee per ton of bananas.Answer: DTopic: Marginal CostSkill: RecognitionAuthor: PVA54)Marginal cost isA)the cost of producing the first unit of a good or service.B)the total cost, less the production of the other good or service.C)greater than the opportunity cost.D)equal to the opportunity cost of producing one more unit of a good or service.Answer: DTopic: Marginal BenefitSkill: ConceptualAuthor: VS59)Marginal benefit is theA)benefit that a person receives from consuming one more unit of a good or service.B)amount of one good or service that a person gains when another good or service is consumed.C)minimum amount a person is willing to pay for one more unit of a good or service.D)dollars sacrificed to purchase a good or service.Answer: ATopic: Production EfficiencySkill: Conceptual14)A President of the United States promises to simultaneously produce more defense goods without any decreases in the production of other goods. This promise can be validA)if the United States is producing at a point on its production possibilities frontier.B)if the United States is producing at a point inside its production possibilities frontier.C)if the United States is producing at a point beyond its production possibilities frontier.D)only if the production possibilities frontier shifts rightward.Answer: BTopic: Production Possibilities FrontierSkill: Conceptual3)Which of the following is NOT true concerning a societys production possibilities frontier (PPF)?A)It reveals the maximum amount of any two goods that can be produced from a given quantity of resources.B)Tradeoffs occur along a PPF.C)Production efficiency occurs when production is on the frontier itself.D)Consumers will receive equal benefits from the two goods.Answer: DTopic: Opportunity CostSkill: Analytical25)The figure above illustrates that if this country wishes to have F2 F1 additional food by moving from point A to point B, it willA)have to find additional workers, because the country already is operating on its production possibilities frontier.B)be unable to do so until additional technological progress is made.C)have to sacrifice C1 C2 clothing in order to free the resources necessary to produce the additional food.D)require that all the unemployed resources in the country be put to work.Answer: CTopic: Opportunity CostSkill: Analytical49)The country whose production possibilities frontier is illustrated above is currently at position A on the production possibilities frontier. If it wishes to move to position B, it willA)find this change impossible to achieve given the resources it currently possesses.B)have to employ all currently unemployed resources to accomplish this.C)incur an opportunity cost of having to give up some butter in order to make the additional amount of guns desired.D)be able to make the desired switch only if there is a significant improvement in the technological base available to the nation.Answer: CTopic: Opportunity Cost and Marginal CostSkill: Conceptual54)The quantity of shoes produced is measured along the horizontal axis of a PPF and the quantity of shirts are measured along the vertical axis. As you move down toward the right along the PPF, the marginal cost ofA)shoes decreases.B)shoes increases.C)shirts increases.D)shoes and shirts is equal at the midpoint between the vertical and horizontal axis.Answer: BTopic: Marginal Cost and Marginal BenefitSkill: ConceptualAuthor: DD60)Suppose that the government is trying to decide between allocating its resources between building more dams and building more freeways. In terms of forgone dams, as more freeways are constructed, the marginal benefit of additional freeways _ and the marginal cost of additional freeways _.A)increases; increasesB)increases; decreasesC)decreases; increasesD)decreases; increasesAnswer: CTopic: Efficient Use of ResourcesSkill: RecognitionAuthor: JBH62)Resource use is efficient when marginal benefit isA)greater than marginal cost.B)equal to marginal cost.C)less than marginal cost.D)at its maximum value.Answer: BTopic: Efficient Use of ResourcesSkill: RecognitionAuthor: NU67)If the marginal benefit of consuming another unit of a good is positive then to reach the efficient level of output,A)more of the good should be consumed.B)more of the good should be consumed as long as the consumer can afford to pay for it.C)more of the good should be consumed if the total benefit is greater than the total cost.D)more of the good should be consumed if the marginal benefit is greater than the marginal cost.Answer: DTopic: Gains from Trade, Comparative AdvantageSkill: Analytical88)Missouri can produce 10,000 tons of pecans per year or 5,000 tons of pears per year. Washington can produce 12,000 tons of pecans per year or 48,000 tons of pears per year. If these two states were to engage in trade, which of the following is true?A)Missouri would specialize in pear production and trade pears to Washington pecans.B)Missouri would specialize in pecan production and trade pecans to Washington for pears.C)Washington would produce both pears and pecans and Missouri would produce neither.D)Half of both Washingtons and Missouris resources would be devoted to pears and the other half to pecans because that is the comparative advantage.Answer: BTopic: Price and Opportunity CostSkill: AnalyticalAuthor: KC4)Twenty years ago a stove cost $300 and a refrigerator cost $1,500. Today a stove costs $600, while a refrigerator costs $1,800. Which of the following statements is true?A)The relative price of stoves and refrigerators has not changed.B)The relative price of a refrigerator has increasedC)The relative price of a stove has increasedD)The money price of a refrigerator has fallenAnswer: CTopic: Law of DemandSkill: ConceptualAuthor: MR6)The “law of demand” is illustrated by aA)rightward shift of the demand curve.B)leftward shift of the demand curve.C)movement along the demand curve.D)Both answers A and B are correct.Answer: CTopic: Demand; Income and Substitution EffectsSkill: AnalyticalAuthor: TO14)The ABC Music club charges a price of $16 for a CD and $8 for a cassette. Both CDs and cassettes are normal goods. If the ABC Music club increases the price of a CD to $18, everything else remaining the same,A)the substitution effect induces club members to buy more cassettes and fewer CDs.B)the income effect induces club members to buy fewer CDs.C)the substitution effect induces club members to buy more CDs and fewer cassettes.D)Both answers A and B are correct.Answer: D （normal good: 收入效应与替代效应同向变化；inferior good:收入效应与替代效应反向变化，且收入小于替代）Topic: Change in Demand, Price of a Related GoodSkill: ConceptualAuthor: RR23)Oatmeal is an inferior good and cold cereal is a substitute for oatmeal. Raisins are a complement for oatmeal. Which of the following increases the demand for oatmeal?A)An increase in the price of raisins.B)An increase in income.C)A decrease in population size.D)An increase in the price of cold cereal.Answer: DTopic: Change in Supply, Expected Future PriceSkill: ConceptualAuthor: VS55)It is expected that the price of a bushel of wheat will increase in one month. This belief will result inA)an increase in current supply of wheat.B)a decrease in current supply of wheat.C)a decrease in future supply of wheat.D)no change in current or future supply of wheat.Answer: BTopic: A Change in the Quantity Supplied Versus a Change in SupplySkill: ConceptualAuthor: RR59)Consider the market for broccoli. If the price of a pound of broccoli increases, what will happen to the supply of broccoli?A)The supply of broccoli will decrease.B)The supply of broccoli will increase.C)There will be no change in the supply of broccoli, but instead will be an increase in the quantity supplied of broccoli.D)There will be no change in the supply of broccoli, but instead will be a decrease in the quantity supplied of broccoli.Answer: CPrice (dollars per disc)Quantity demandedPrice (dollars per disc)Quantity supplied436,00044,000832,00088,0001228,0001212,0001624,0001616,0002020,0002020,0002416,0002424,0002812,0002828,000328,0003232,000364,0003636,000Topic: Price Adjustment; ShortageSkill: ConceptualAuthor: JBH82)The above table gives the demand and supply schedules for compact discs. If the price of a compact disc is $8, there is a _ and the price of a compact disc will _.A)shortage; riseB)shortage; fallC)surplus; riseD)surplus; fallAnswer: ATopic: Predicting Changes in Price and Quantity; Demand ChangesSkill: AnalyticalAuthor: MR92)Throughout the 1990s, the price of sport utility vehicles (SUVs) rose and each year more were purchased. This experience suggests thatA)there must have been technological advances in the way SUVs are produced.B)the law of demand does not hold true in this market.C)there must have movement leftward along the supply curve for SUVs.D)there must have been a rightward shift of the demand curve for SUVs.Answer: DTopic: Predicting Changes in Price and Quantity; Both Demand and Supply DecreaseSkill: Analytical*Author: CD116)Using the above figure, suppose that roses are a normal good. If incomes decrease while simultaneously there is an increase in the price of the resources used to produce roses, thenA)the price will definitely increase above $25 per dozen roses.B)the quantity will definitely decrease below 10 dozen roses.C)the price will definitely decrease below $25 per dozen roses.D)we cannot tell what will happen to equilibrium quantity.Answer: BTopic: Predicting Changes in Price and Quantity; Demand Increases, Supply DecreasesSkill: AnalyticalAuthor: VK121)The production costs of aspirin increase simultaneously as doctors find that one aspirin per day reduces the risk of heart attacks. Supply and demand for aspirin willA)both increase, so that the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity will increase.B)decrease and increase, respectively, so that the equilibrium price will increase, but the equilibrium quantity can decrease, increase, or remain constant.C)increase and decrease, respectively, so that the equilibrium price will decrease, increase, or remain constant, but the equilibrium quantity will increase.D)both decrease so that the equilibrium price falls and the equilibrium quantity will decrease, increase, or remain constant.Answer: BTopic: Mathematical NoteSkill: AnalyticalAuthor: TO123)The demand for hot dogs is given by QD=80007000P, where QD is the quantity demanded and P is the price in dollars. The supply for hot dogs is given by QS=4000+1000P, where QS is the quantity supplied and P is the price in dollars. Given these supply and demand relationships,A)At the equilibrium, the price = $0.50 and the quantity = 4500 hot dogs.B)At a price of $1, there is a shortage of 4000 hot dogs.C)At a price of $1, there is a surplus of 4000 hot dogs.D)Both answers A and C are correct.Answer: DTopic: The Price Elasticity of DemandSkill: RecognitionAuthor: RR2)The price elasticity of demand is defined as the magnitude of A)the change in quantity demanded divided by the change in priceB)the change in price divided by the change in quantity demandedC)the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in priceD)the percentage change in price divided by the percentage change in quantity demandedAnswer: CTopic: Calculating ElasticitySkill: ConceptualAuthor: TO13)If the price elasticity of demand for clothing is 0.64, this implies that:A)A 6.4 percent increase in price the price of clothing yields a 10 percent decrease in the quantity demanded of clothing.B)A 10 percent increase in the price of clothing yields a 6.4 percent decrease in the quantity demanded of clothing.C)If there is an increase in the price of clothing there would be a decrease in total expenditures on clothing.D)Both answers A and C are correct.Answer: BTopic: Inelastic and Elastic DemandSkill: Recognition*Author: DS20)If the price elasticity of demand for airline travel is 0.52 in the short run and 1.46 in the long run, then the demand for airline travel is _ in the short run and _ in the long run.A)elastic; elasticB)elastic; inelasticC)inelastic; elasticD)inelastic; inelasticAnswer: CTopic: Elasticity Along a Straight-Line Demand CurveSkill: RecognitionAuthor: MN27)Which of the following statements is FALSE?A)A good with a vertical demand curve has a perfectly inelastic demand.B)A good with a straight line, downward sloping demand curve has a demand whose elasticity is constant.C)A good with a horizontal demand curve has a perfectly elastic demand.D)All of the above statements are false.Answer: BTopic: Total Revenue and ElasticitySkill: ConceptualAuthor: VS49)If the total revenue received for compact discs increases by 20 percent when price increases by 10 percent, then demand isA)perfectly elastic.B)unitary elastic.C)inelastic.D)elastic.Answer: CTopic: Cross Elasticity of DemandSkill: ConceptualAuthor: JBH78)The cross-elasticity of demand between Homers Holesome Doughnuts and Krustys Krispy Crullers is 5.0, which indicates that A)Homers doughnuts and Krustys crullers are complements and the relationship between the two goods is strong (that is, the quantity demanded of doughnuts is very responsive to changes in the price of crullers).B)Homers doughnuts and Krustys crullers are complements and the relationship between the two goods is weak (that is, the quantity demanded of doughnuts is not very responsive to changes in the price of crullers).C)Homers doughnuts and Krustys crullers are substitutes and the relationship between the two goods is strong (that is, the quantity demanded of doughnuts is very responsive to changes in the price of crullers).D)Homers doughnuts and Krustys crullers are substitutes and the relationship between the two goods is weak (that is, the quantity demanded of doughnuts is not very responsive to changes in the price of crullers).Answ