2009级博士生考试试卷.doc

English Test for Doctoral Candidates （B）Jan., 2010Part IListening Comprehension (15%)Section ADirections:In this section, youll hear five short conversations. After each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and question will be read only once. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Then write your answer in the corresponding place on your Answer Sheet I.1.A.He is glad the interview is over.B.He is confident of his performance.C.He is worried about the result of the interview.D.He is unsure of the result.2.A.Shell prepare the dinner.B.Shell have some chocolate cake.C.Shell take a look at the menu.D.Shell go without dessert.3.A.Alice should give her parents a call.B.Alice should go home right away.C.Alice should not worry about her family.D.Alice should write to her parents more frequently.4.A.Have a drink in the bar.B.Go to the library.C.Meet the woman.D.See Professor Smith.5.A.The actor is busy buying jam on his way.B.The police want to talk to the main actor.C.The main actor forgot to come.D.The main actor is delayed by traffic.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then write your answer in the corresponding place on your Answer Sheet I.Passage 16.A.Most of their money.B.Almost half their money.C.Almost all their money.D.Almost one-third of their money.7.A.Right after the father gives everyone a piece of bread.B.Right after the food is ready.C.Right after the father makes the cross over the bread with a knife.D.Right after the mother distributes each member a piece of bread.Passage 28.A.Institution of International Education.B.University of Southern California.C.U.S.C.s Office of International Services.D.California State Government.9.A.Because they have language problems.B.Because the American students dont want to make friends with them.C.Because international students often want to spend their free time with friendsfrom their own country or group.D.Because the offices do not look for ways to help them.10.A.Organizing programs to help foreign students feel more at ease in their newsurroundings.B.Helping international students work out their course schedule.C.Helping international students get involved in school life and make Americanfriends.D.Helping family members who come to the United States with internationalstudents.Section CDirections:In this section, you are going to hear a short passage. It will be spoken three times. After you hear the passage, please write a summary of it in about 60 words on Answer Sheet II._Part IIVocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: There are 10 sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or phrase from the four choices given to best complete each sentence. Mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I.11.The _ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of somephysical aspect in the life style of the people.A.expectationB.implementationC.manifestationD.demonstration12.The insurance company paid him $10,000 in _ after his accident.A.commissionB.compensationC.substitutionD.installment13.Oh, what a nuisance! It _ so easy for me to bring those photographs Iwanted to show you, and I have left them on the table at home.A.wasB.would have beenC.would beD.had been14.One of the most spectacular qualities of man is notably his _ to any kind ofnatural environment.A.availabilityB.inclinationC.adaptabilityD.domination15.Although this area is very poor now, its _ wealth is great.A.profoundB.prevalentC.previousD.potential16.The workers demands are _; theyre asking for only a small increase intheir wages.A.complicatedB.moderateC.commercialD.abnormal17.His misbehavior and _ dismissal from the firm was reported in thenewspaper.A.improperB.frequentC.inefficientD.subsequent18.The accident _ him of his sight and the use of his legs.A.grippedB.excludedC.deprivedD.disabled19.If he wants to get to Chicago by tonight, he has no _ but to go by plane.A.dilemmaB.chanceC.other wayD.alternative20.He is _ to organize the meeting.A.intertwinedB.entitledC.enlargedD.ingrainedSection BDirections: There are 10 sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I.21.Visitors are usually trying to withstand the emotional stress of prison visits.A.endureB.expressC.overcomeD.forget22.The city had swallowed up the green maiden which had stretched from the old fortwalls to the river bank.A.tippledB.devouredC.guzzledD.swigged23.His interest gave me an incentive and I word twice as hard.A.concernB.encouragementC.supportD.inspiration24.Sanctuaries for wildlife have dwindled alarmingly in the last decade.A.expandedB.increasedC.shrunkD.lost25.Its a paradox, but the older she gets the more active she is.A.absurdityB.truthC.congruityD.contradiction26.Some officers in the army maintained close liaison with businessmen of the city.A.transitionB.communicationC.connectionD.attachment27.The judge was going to overlook the criminals past record if hed promise to stayout of trouble.A.overpowerB.ignoreC.overseeD.miss28.The professor highly praised his students given the fact that they accumulatedall manner of necessary information.A.variousB.to the extentC.in a mannerD.in every way29.Women in the Third World gauge discrimination by mortality rates and povertylevels.A.interactB.acknowledgeC.testD.measure30.Scientists are now able to produce more and more raw materials synthetically.A.artificiallyB.graduallyC.tirelesslyD.professionallyPart IIICloze (10%)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center on your Answer Sheet I.Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you 31 wonder how it is possible for us to 32 people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the 33 that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child 34 an animal, such as a pigeoncan learn to recognize faces. We all 35 this ability for granted.We also tell people apart 36 how they behave. When we talk about smeones personality, we mean 37 in which he or she acts. Speaks, thinks, and feels 38 that individual different from others.Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someones personality 39 words is somewhat easier than 40 his face. If you were asked to describe what a nice face looked like, you 41 have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a nice person, you 42 begin to think about someone who was kind, 43 , friendly, warm, and so forth.There are many words to describe 44 a person thinks, feels, and acts. Gordon Allport, 45 U.S. Psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words 46 differences in peoples behavior. And many of us use this information as a 47 for describing a 48 , 49 , military typespeople are described with such 50 .31.A.anytimeB.sometimesC.everD.always32.A.recognizeB.spotC.locateD.know33.A.qualitiesB.featuresC.characteristicsD.distinctions34.A.and tooB.or evenC.and alsoD.and then35.A.regardB.haveC.useD.take36.A.withB.inC.byD.from37.A.the patternsB.the mannersC.the meansD.the ways38.A.makeB.coursesC.causeD.makes39.A.usingB.withC.byD.in40.A.description ofB.describeC.describingD.to describe41.A.shouldB.willC.wouldD.shall42.A.willB.mayC.canD.might43.A.concernedB.considerateC.considerableD.considering44.A.whatB.whyC.whenD.how45.A.thatB.aC.anD.the46.A.to characterizeB.characterizingC.characterizeD.characterized47.A.criterionB.baseC.foundationD.point48.A.womanB.personC.personalityD.man49.A.conservativesB.politiciansC.scholarsD.professionals50.A.termsB.nounsC.nicknamesD.jargonPart IVReading Comprehension (25%)Section ADirections:In this section, there are five short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer marked A, B, C or D, and then mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet I.Passage 1If national health insurance would not cure the problems of the American health-care system, what, then, is responsible for them? Suspicion falls heavily on hospitals, which make up the largest component of the system. In 1988 hospitals accounted for 39 percent of all expendituresmore than doctors, nursing homes, drugs, and home health care combined.Although US hospitals provide outstanding research and frequently excellent care, they also exhibit the classic attributes of inefficient organizations; increasing costs and decreasing use. The average cost of a hospital stay in 1987$3,850was more than double the 1980 cost. A careful government analysis published in 1987 revealed the inflation of hospital costs, over and above general price inflation, as a major factor in their growth, even after allowances were made for increase in the population and in intensity of care. While the rate of increase for hospital costs was 27 percent greater than that of all medical care and 163 percent greater than that for all other goods and services, demand for hospital services fell by 34 percent. But hospitals seemed obvious of the decline: during this period the number of hospital beds shrank only by about three percent, and the number of full-time employees grew by more than 240,000.After yet another unexpectedly high hospital-cost increase last year, one puzzled government analyst asked, “Wheres the money going?” Much of the increase in hospital costsamounting to $180 billion from 1965 to 1987went to duplicating medical technology available in nearby hospitals and maintaining excess beds. Modern healthcare, a leading journal in the field, recently noted that “anecdotes of hospitals unnecessary spending on technology abound.” Medical technology is very expensive. An operating room outfitted to perform open-heart surgery costs hundreds of thousands of dollars. From 1982 to 1989 the number of hospitals with open-heart-surgery facilities grew by 33 percent, and the most rapid growth occurred among smaller and moderate-sized hospitals. This growth was worrisome for reasons of both costs and quality. Underused technology almost inevitably decreases quality of care. In medicine, as in everything else, practice makes perfect. For example, most of the hospitals with the lowest mortality rates for coronary-bypass surgery perform at least fifty to a hundred such procedures annually, and in some cases many more; the majority of those with the highest mortality rates perform fewer than fifty a year.51.According to the passage, the American health-care system _.A.is on the point of collapseB.is working smoothlyC.is the best system in the worldD.is not working efficiently52.In 1980, the average cost of a hospital stay was _.A.more than $1,925B.$3,850C.less than $1,925D.$1,92553.When demand for hospital services fell, hospitals _.A.continued to take on more full-time medical workersB.took effective measures to reduce their expendituresC.were fully aware of the situation and took some measures accordinglyD.reduced the number of hospital beds sharply54.According to the passage, hospital costs went up greatly mainly because _.A.hospitals were under poor managementB.hospitals spent a lot of money unnecessarily on medical technologyC.hospitals bought too much expensive operating equipmentD.hospitals employed too many unskilled medical workers55.It is implied in the last paragraph that if a hospital uses its medical technology to the full, _.A.it will maintain its good quality of careB.it will decrease its quality of treatmentC.it will certainly push up its expendituresD.it will have a high mortality rate from surgeryPassage 2What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what land of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manual driven cars. A special purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity.Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system way was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp. As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case, the transition from manual to automated control would take place on the entrance ramp. An alternative technique could employ conventional lanes, which would be shared by automated and regular vehicles. The driver would steer only the highway and move in normal fashion to a transition lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected, because all trespassers (非法进入者) could be swiftly identified by authorities.56.We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated highways_.A.are under constructionB.are being plannedC.are being modifiedD.are now in wide use57.A special purpose lane system is probably advantageous in that _.A.it offers more lanes for automated vehiclesB.it would require only minor changes to existing highwaysC.it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiencyD.it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehicles58.Which of the following is TRUE about driving on an automated highway?A.The driver should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles.B.Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to theirdestinations.C.A car can join existing traffic any time in a mixed lane system.D.The driver should inform his car computer of his destination before drivingonto it.59.We know from the passage that a car can enter a special purpose lane _.A.after all trespassers are identified and removedB.by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional laneC.by way of a ramp with electronic control devicesD.through a specially guarded gate60.When driving in an automated lane, the driver _.A.doesnt have to hold on to the steering wheelB.should harmonize with newly entering carsC.doesnt have to rely on his computer systemD.should watch out for potential accidentsPassage 3There are various kinds of student exchange programs between the United States and other countries. Here are some that most interest foreign students.ASSE is the American Scandinavian Student Exchange. This program was established in Sweden in nineteen seventy-six to organize exchanges with the United States. It expanded to include students in Denmark, Norway, and Finland. Today ASSE organizes international exchanges for high school students in thirty-one countries. The students live with a family and attend school for a year.Other programs also offer high school students a chance to come to the United States, like the Program of Academic Exchange, or PAE.For college students, there are programs like the International Student Exchange Program, or ISEP. This is a group of almost three hundred colleges in thirty-nine countries. ISEP is an independent organization that was supported by the United States government until nineteen ninety-six. ISEP is a true exchange program. That means two students from different countries trade places for a semester or a year.Work and Travel USA is also for college students. But this program is not for those who want to study in the United States. It provides international st