communication.doc

商务沟通补充复习（六班的同胞们加油！）改错题1. Rewrite the following sentences, providing specific information:(a)He was tall for his age.(b)The company took a big loss year.(c)Henderson quit because he needed more money.改为：(a)He was 1.8 m when he was 12tears old. (b)The GE took a big loss of $100000 last year.(c)Henderson quit his work because he needed $2000 a month.2. Rewrite the following sentences to repair sentence fragments and comma splices.Add words where neessary. When deciding wether to enter the military prior to college.改为：Jack was anxious about when deciding wether to enter the military prior to college.(句首加Jack was anxious about）The most likely successor to Helen Wald, the present chairperson of the committee.改为：The most likely successor to Helen Wald, the present chairperson of the committee,was.（句号改为逗号，句尾加was)Both managers appreciated the opportunity to attend the conversation,neither was willing to travel by car. 改为：Both managers appreciated the opportunity to attend the conversation.Neither was willing to travel by car.(中间逗号改为句号，neither首字母大写） The specifications for the new factory wing contained several errors, these included a mistake in the type of concrete required for the floor.改为：The specifications for the new factory wing contained several errors, which included a mistake in the type of concrete required for the floor.（these 改为 which）3. Action: The manager delegates tasks well.改为Nonaction: One of the manager s skills is her ability in the delegation of tasks.4. Negative: Your complaint is being dealt with by Mr Flores.改为potitive: Mr Flores will answer your inquiry promptly.Negative: Ten percent of the sales force failed to attend the conference.改为potitive: The conference attracted 90 percent of sales force.5. the receipt of the package of tools by the supervisor at Benson Mechanics Center.改为： the supervisor at Benson Mechanics Center received the tools.6. Jams perpetual questions make it impossible to concentrate.改为：Jams perpetual questions make concentration impossible.7. There is an oak beam supporting the roof.改为：An oak beam supports the roof. It is possible that Williams will apply for section leader.改为：Williams may apply for section leader. There are meaningless words that should be removed.改为：Remove meaningless words.8. If and when we can establish and define our goals and objectives,each and every member will be ready and willing to give aid and assistance.改为：When we define our goals ,each member will be ready to help.In this world of today, official governmental red atape is seriously destroying the motivation for financial incentives among relatives foe small business.改为：Governmental red tape is destroying financial incentives for small business.9.A lawyer must choose his clients carefully.(改his为their）改为：A lawyer must choose theirclients carefully.Every surgeon washes his hands before operating.(改his为their）改为：Every surgeon washes their hands before operating.10. Fixed mortgages lasting 30 years.改为：Fixed mortgages lasting 30 years have disappeared.Being thoroughly reviewed.改为：His loan application is being thoroughly reviewed.Profits were down in 1998, the Board blamed the recession.改为：Profits were down in 1998.The Board blamed the recession.(逗号改为句号，the首字母大写）知识点总结1. The barriers to communication (P36-P39)要懂得判定实际例子。Physical barriers 如：time , environmental conditions such as heat,cold noise and drafts can subvert communication. (subvert 破坏，颠覆，策反）Cultural barriers Experiential barriers Perceptual barriers Motivational barriersEmotional barriersOrganizational barriers Linguistic barriers(语言障碍）Nonverbal barriersCompetition barriers2. writing process （1） planning （2）writing the draft (3) revising and proofreading (修正和校对）3. 三种voice 的特点(1) the encyclopedia (百科全书）voice: stiff , unemotional.(2) The emotional voice: blunt(直率的） childlike repetitive ,often slangy(爱用俚语的）(3) The business voice : direct controlled rensonble clear personal but not self-centered4. gender communication两性沟通Women perceive the question what would like to do ? as an invitation for discussion and negotiation.Men perceive the same question as the stimulus (刺激物） to a direct answer.In decision making,women are more likely to downplay (轻视，把放在第二位）their certainty and men are more likely to downplay their doubts.Women tend to apologize even when they have done nothing wrong and men tend to avoid apologies as a sign of weakness or concession.Women tend to temper criticism with positive buffers,Men tend to give criticism directly.Women tend to ask what do you think? as a means of building consensus (意见一致）,men often perceive that question to a big sign of incompetence and lack of confidence.Women tend to mix business talk with talk about their personal lives and expect other women to do so as well.Men mix business talk with banter(谈笑）about sports, politics .or jokes.Women bring up complaints and troubles with one another as a means of arousing sympathy and building rapport(和谐，一致）。Men bring up problems only when they want to hear solutionsMen tend to be uncomfortable with female peers ,particularly those who may threaten their power.Women tend to avoid direct confrontation (对抗，冲突）about offensive behavior.Men tend to take stronger , more immediate stands in relation to stimuli they dislike.Women tend to react to disappointment by describing personal feelings .Men tend to react to disappointment by appealing to standards of fair play or by placing blame.Men value conversation primarily for information.Women value talk primarily interaction.Women use softer voice volume to encourage persuasion and approval.Men use louder voice ,volume to attract attention and maintain control.5. Oral presentation Informative presentation（1） descriptive presentation-answer what question（2） Demonstrative presentation-answerhow question（3） Explanatory presentation-answerwhyquestion6. meeting management (1) Planningclarify objectivesselect participants develop agenda(议程）inform participants (2) Conductingstartmiddleclose(sum up key points and meeting minute(会议记录）(3) following-up7. The BLESS guidelines(p415)BBe likable Llead the conversationEexplain your key pointsSsum up Ssay thank you8. high and low context culturecommonsHigh context(China Japan Arab)Low context (Germany North America)Prefered communication strategyIndirec, polite,ambiguity模棱两可 high face-savingDirect.confrontation,clarityLow face -savingReliance on nonverbal signs to communicatehighlowAgreement made orallyMost blinding blinding9. Negative messageDirect strategyappea