动词第三人称单数变化规则如下.doc

高三英语复习动词第三人称单数变化规则 1) 一般情况下，动词后面直接加 -s. 例如： works gets says reads 2) 以ch,sh,s,x 或 o 结尾的动词,在后面加 -es。例如： go-goes teach-,teache wash-washes brush-brushes ,catch-catches ,do-does ,fix -fixes 3) 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把 y变为 i 再加 -es. 例如：study- studies try-tries carry-carries ,fly-flies cry-cries现在分词变化规则1.直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping)2.去e+ing(例：bite-e+ing biting)3重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+ing(例：sit+t+ing sitting)4.特殊变化：die-dying,lie-lying，tie-tying3、现在分词的变化规则：（1） 一般情况下，直接在动词后加ing work - working sleep - sleeping study - studying （2） 动词以不发音的e结尾，要去e加ing take - taking make - making dance - dancing （3） 重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加ing cut - cutting put - putting begin - beginning （4） 以ie结尾的动词，把变成y再加ing lie - lying tie - tying die - dying形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下构 成 法 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级 一般单音节词末尾加er 和 est strong stronger strongest 单音节词如果以e结尾，只加r 和st strange stranger strangest 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有 一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加er和est sadbighot sadderbiggerhotter saddestbiggesthottest 少数以y,er(或ure),ow,ble结尾的双音节词， 末尾加er和est(以y结尾的词，如y前是辅音字母， 把y变成i，再加er和est，以e结尾的词仍加r和st) angryclevernarrownoble angriercleverernarrowernobler angrestcleverestnarrowestnoblest 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和most different moredifferent mostdifferent b. 其他词都在前面加more, most构成比较级及最高级：原级 比较级 最高级 important more important most important difficult more difficult most difficultinteresting more interesting most interesting useful more useful most useful I. 学会下列形容词的比较级和最高级：原级 比较级 最高级 1. tall taller tallest strong stronger strongest oldolder oldest 2. large larger largest fine finer finest late later latest3. big bigger biggest hothotterhottest thin thinner thinnest 4. easy easier easiest busy busier busiest happy happier happiest5. valuable more valuable most valuable dangerous more dangerous most dangerous comfortablemore comfortable most comfortable1. 有几个形容词有特殊的比较级和最高级形式：原级 比较级最高级 good well betterbestbad ill worseworst many much moremost littlelessleast far farther further farthest furthestold older elder oldest eldest2. 双音节词除了以“辅音y”结尾的词外，还有以ow, er, le结尾的词，和个别其他双音节词，可以用加词尾的办法构成比较级和最高级：原级比较级最高级 narrow narrower narrowestclever cleverer cleverestsimple simpler simplest common commoner commonest3. 也有少数单音节词可以加more和most的办法构成比较级和最高级： 原级 比较级 最高级 pleased more pleased most pleased tired more tired most tired glad more glad most glad 名词的复数形式 构成方法 例词在词尾加-s1. 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词后加-es2. 如词尾是e,只加-s如词尾为 f或 fe ,则一般变为 ves以辅音+y结尾的名词，变y为 i再加-es以元音+y结尾的名词，加-s以辅音+o结尾的名词，加-es以元音+o结尾的名词，加-s以-th结尾的名词，加-s英语里有一些名词的复数形式不是以词尾-s或-es构成， 构成方法 例词变内部元音foot u feeti: man men e mouse au mice ai woman women e 词尾加-enoxoxen(公牛)child ai children i 形式不变（通形名词-单、复数同形）deerdeerfishfishsheepsheep集合名词（只有复数，没有单数。）trousers people （人，人民）glasses （眼镜）名词做定语1. 只在后面名词加复数2. man, woman随之后面的名词而变化，后单其单，后复其复。3. sport作定语永远用作复数。1. apple treeapple trees2. man doctormen doctors3. sports shop sports shoes表示国籍的名词（中日不变，英法变，其余词后加s）ChineseChineseJapaneseJapaneseEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenAmericanAmericans其它名词复数的规则变化 1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：如： two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays 比较： 层楼：storey -storeys story-stories 2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes c. 均可，如：zero-zeros / zeroes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs； b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves； c. 均可,如： handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves动词变名词1.在词尾加er,r ,双写加er 或or:A. play _ player, sing _ singer, wait _ waiter , find _ finder,thrill _ thriller，hunt-hunter B. write _ writer, drive _ driver, come _ comer, explore _ explorerdance _ dancerC. run _ runner, win _ winner, rob _ robber, traval _ travallerD. visit _ visitor, invent _ inventor,act-actor,advise-advisor2. 在词尾加ing:build _ building, draw _ drawing, end _ ending, begin _ beginning,swim _ swimming， skate _ skating, feel _ feeling, say _ saying,mean _ meaning, cross _ crossing， surf _ surfing, paint _ painting3.在词尾加ion 或去e加ion:A. decide _ decision, describe _ description, produce _ production,celebrate _ celebration,pronounce _ pronunciation, decorate _ decorationgraduate _ graduation,frustrate - frustration,pollute _ pollutioncontribute _ contribution, congratulate _ congratulation,educate _ education，organize _ orgnization,donate _ donation,appreciate _ appreciation，operate _ operation, invite _ invitationB. discuss _ discussion, invent _ invention, attract _ attractionimpress _ impression,inject _ injection,instruct _ instruction4.其它：know _ knowledge, please _ pleas