2013寒假定语从句.doc

高二寒假补课 2013年1月28日 定语从句复习Examples:l The e-mail ( that / which) Michael sent to me was about the schedule for tomorrows meeting.l The parcel which / that arrived just now was for Professor Smith.l Do you know Jacks father who / that happens to be working in your company?l David is a student (who / whom / that )you can safely depend on.l The tourist wanted to book a room whose / of which the window faces south. l Mozart was a famous musician whose /of whom the childhood was miserable.l These photos reminded the old man of the past when / in which he served in the army.l This is a lab where / in which the famous scientist spent most of his life doing experiments.l No one knows the reason why / for which the professor got so angry this morning.l I will never forget the day on which we met.l I dont know the person to whom he is speaking.Summaries：关 系 词所 指 先 行 词在 从 句 中 所 担 成 分关系代词that事，物，人，时间，地点，原因主，表，宾which事，物，人，时间，地点，原因主，表，宾who人主，表，宾whom人表，宾whose事，物，人定as事，物，人主，表，宾关系副词when时间状where地点状why原因状I定语从句高考热点1. which关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句，可代替上句的整个句子内容，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。l Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. whatl Garol said the work should be done by October,_ personally, I doubt very much. A. It B. that C. when D. which2. as关系代词as引导非限定性定语从句，也可代替整个句子内容，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，它引导的非限定性定语从句可放于句首。l _ is know to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once very month. A. It B. As C. That D. What l _is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C . That D. It附：as引导定语从句时的用法as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same as, such as结构中。e.g. I want the same shirt _my friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。Such machines _ are used in our workshop are made in China. .我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。the same. as 和 the same .that的用法辨异.Thats the same tool _ I used last week.（同类事物）Thats the same tool _I used last week. 那就是我上周用过的工具。（指原物）as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，意为“_”用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect。l I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。He made a long speech, _ we expected.He made a long speech,_ was unexpected.当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。Tom drinks a lot every day, _ his wife doesnt like at all.3. when关系副词 when引导定语从句时, 只能在定语从句中作_，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。l The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where when = _ whichl It was an exciting moment for these football fans this years, _ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when when= _ which4. where关系副词 Where引导定从时, 只能在定从中作_，其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。l After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town_ he grew up as a child. A .which B. where C. that D. when where = _ which比较That is the factory_ produces 100,000TV sets a year.That is the factory_ his father once worked. 5. whose关系词whose 后面一定 + _. 在句子中可作主语和宾语。whose + n. = of which the +n. / the n. + of which (先行词是物的时候)whose + n. = of whom the +n. / the n. + of whom (先行词是人的时候)l The lonely man lived in a house whose windows/ of which the windows/ the windows of which faced south.l Mr King , whose legs/ were badly hurt , was quickly taken to hospital .l This kind of book is for children _ native language（the native language of _）is Chinesel Mr Brown has written a novel _ name（the name of_）Ive completely forgotten6. 介词+关系代词 (which / whom / whose )当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现介词+关系代词。先行词指物，用介词+which/whose, 指人则用介词+whom/whose, 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则： 1）根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。 2）根据先行词特殊用法而定。l Alec asked the policemen _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whoml The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whoml The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which l The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which l American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom复杂介词+关系代词which, whom, whose用于此结构的关系代词有。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：as a result of, at the back of, because of, by means of, for want of, in front of, in case of, on account of等。 We got to a house at the back of _was a large garden. Is there a certain test by means of _ the No. 1 will be decided? 简单介词+关系代词which, whos+名词 介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。 In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _ time many people have gone home. A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which This is the boss _ company his elder sister is working.the+ 名词+of+关系代词which / whom该结构表示所有关系, 口语中常用“whose + 名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“of which / whom the +名词”。 l Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 表示部分的词语of关系代词whom / which表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any； 数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；数词+名词；the +最高级/比较级；以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter等。 l There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which l The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 特殊的句型He worked till midnight by which time all of his colleagues had left.He arrived at 7, at which time we were having dinner.He worked all day, during which time he didnt eat anything. He may be late, in which case we should wait for him.7. the way 做先行词时，定语从句可由that, in which 引导或省略.l Reading is a good way that /in which / 省略we learn English.8. case/situation / system / job + 关系副词wherel We need an education system _ the roles of teachers should be changed.l We need an education system _ is helpful to children.9. occasion + 关系副词when l He was a born sailor and I cant remember any occasion when he had any sort of accident with the boat.II. 填空题1. The day _/ I met him first was May 1st.2. Ill never forget the time / we spent together.3. He left the city / he lived.4. America is the country / he has never been to .5. There are some places in Asia / people are in poverty.6. Jiaotong University is the school / he was admitted.7. He put the umbrella in the classroom _/ he took it. 8. This is the place _ _/_ he lived / worked / stayed /went.9. This is my hometown / people are kind. 10. Shanghai is the place / I was born.Summary:1将先行词带入从句中，如果先行词前需要介词，连接词就应该使用关系副词。2关系副词可用介词加关系代词取代，带介词的选择应根据先行词或从句动词的搭配。III常考选择题分析1)Jane came to settle down in New York in 1995, _, some time later, she became a middle school teacher.A. where B. when C. at which D. that2). He has lots of friends, but none of _ are reliable.A. whomB. themC. whoD. which 3). Can you solve such problems _raised by the audience?A. what were B. as were C. that were D. which were4). Meeting with my uncle was an unforgettable moment, _ Ill never forget.A. in which B. that C. who D. one5). I shall never forget those days _ I lived in the army with the soldiers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. that; whichB. when; whichC. when; thatD. which; that6). It is in the very factory _ we worked last year _we will work for two days next month.A. that ; that B. where;whichC. which; where D. where; that IV .定语从句在中译英中的应用。1) 乐于助人的人有责任心。2) 他迟到的原因是他起晚了。3) 去年他回到了自己出生和成长的地方。More practice:1). 她当时没有意识到自己犯了一个多么严重的错误。（aware）2). 不愿听取别人建议的人一定会以失败告终。（end）3). 你无论给他哪一本书都会使他满意， 这一点很清楚。(which)4). 对于学过三四年英语的人来说, 与别人交谈时出些差错是很自然的. (It is natural)5). 使他兴奋的是, 他在山顶上看到了他一生中从未看到过的奇妙景象. (To his)6). 他从来没有想到被拒绝的原因是他不会使用电脑. (occur)A. Our space is beautiful but dangerous.B. There are different ways to deal with space garbage.C. NASA has come up with new plans for space junk.D. Space garbage sometimes hits spaceships.E. Small objects also lead to dangers in the space.F. Space garbage comes from satellites and rockets.76. Our space is beautiful. Looking out of the window of a space shuttle, you can see the stars more clearly than you can from Earth. Its thrilling view. However, whats out there can be dangerous too. And the dangerous things are often too small to see.77. Above Earth, where space shuttles orbit, there are thousands of chunks of space garbage. They are flying as spaceships, at about 17,000 miles per hour. Sometimes they hit spaceships. On one flight of the shuttle Columbia, the ship was hit 106 times. Most of those hits were not caused by rocks. They were caused by pieces of space garbage.78. What kinds of objects are floating in space today? Some are satellites that are no longer working. Others are pieces of rockets that exploded. The first explosion of a rocket in space took place in 1961. Since then, many others have occurred. An exploding rocket can send out hundreds of bits of metal.79. Space garbage also results from everyday events. Lets say an astronaut walks outside a shuttle, taking pictures. What if he drops the camera lens cap? It becomes a piece of orbiting junk. A flying bolt may not sound like much. If its flying ten times as fast as a bullet, though, it can be pretty scary. Some space trash burns up by falling toward Earth. If its high up in space, though, it wont fall to Earth. It will stay in orbit.80. What can be done about space trash? This may be one of the most important questions now facing NASA. One answer is to keep track of it. Radar can track a piece of space junk as small as a softball. Before launching a flight, NASA makes sure no other ships or satellites will be in the way. They could also make sure no large pieces of space junk were in the flights path. But what about smaller things? What about a piece of metal as small as a pebble? One solution is to invent armor for spaceships. Another is to leave less garbage up there.7680 ADFEBThose who are ready to help others have responsibility .The reason why he was late was that he got up late.Last year he returned to the place where he was born and brought up.She was not aware of what a serious mistake she had made at that time.Those who are unwilling to take / follow others advice / suggestions are sure to end up in failure.Whichever book you will give him will satisfy him, which is very clear.It is natural for those who have learned English for three or four years to make some mistakes while talking with others.To his excitement, on the top of the mountain he saw the wonderful view which he had never seen in his life.It never occurred to him that the reason why he was turned down was that he could not use a computer.3. 定语从句在作文中的应用。Example:My colleagues and I went the Moon Lake last Sunday, which is the largest man-made lake in Shanghai. We sat on the lawn by the lake, where the birthday party of a foreign girl was held. After a while, she walked to us to invite us to join in the party, which pleased us greatly. The foreign girl, whose name was Mary, was a lovely girl . We sang and danced together. That was the most pleasant moment that I will never forget.Practice:1 paragraph writing描述自己一次难忘的经历。 2 Write a composition.几乎所有的学生都想上大学，请描述你理想中的大学。2不同从句的区别1定语从句与同位语从句的区别Examples:Youll tell me the news that youve been admitted to key universities.（同位语从句）Youll tell me the news that can make me excited. （定语从句）Summary:同位语从句：表示先行词的内容；that不可换成which定语从句：表示先行词的特征；that可换成which2.定语从句与状语从句的区别Example:She kept everything where she could find it. （状语从句）Shanghai is the place where you spent your childhood. （定语从句）Summary:状语从句：没有先行词；where不可换成in which定语从句：有先行词；where可以换成in which比较suchas 和such that 的区别：Examples:They talked in such simple English that children could understand it .They talked in such simple English as children could understand.Summaries:a. as在从句中充当成分，意思为“这样的如/像”b. that在从句中不充当成分,意思为“如此以至于”Consolidation：Children like such books as have lots of illustrations.These books have such beautiful illustrations that children like them very much.3. 定语从句与强调结构的区别It is Shanghai where you were born.It is in Shanghai that you were born.It was 1949 when new China was founded.It was in 1949 that new China was founded.It is in Shanghai where you were born that the Expo will be held in 2008.（四）定语从句的应用3）a考点5 3.7 定语从句和同位语从句之间的区别3.7.1定语从句的先行词是名词和代词，定语从句起限制、修饰先行词的作用， 而同位语从句的先行词一般是抽象名词，它解释、说明先行词的具体内容： The news that our team has won is true. （同位语从句） The news that he told me is true. (定语从句) 3.7.2引导词在从句中作成分是定语从句，引导词在从句中不作成分是同位语从句 The news (that) he told me is exciting.（作宾语可省） The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. （引导同位语从句不可省）3.8 先行词是 reason，关系词在从句中作主语，表语或宾语，用which/that/as， 作状语用why或for + which。 This is the reason that he told me yesterday. This is the reason why he was late for the meeting. 3.9 先行词是“地点名词”，如在从句中作主语，表语或宾语，关系词用which/that/as， 作状语用where或介词+ which。3.10 先行词是“时间名词” 如在从句中作主语，表语或宾语，关系词用which/that/as， 作状语用when或介词+ which。Ill never forget the days which/that we spent on that lonely island.Ill never forget the day when/on which I joined the Party.3.11 两个特殊的关系代词。3.11.1 but可被看作关系代词，引导定语从句，在句中作主语，在意义上相当于 who not或that not，即用在否定词或具有否定意义的词后，构成双重否定。 There is no mother but loves her children没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。 There was no one present but knew the story already在场的人都知道这个故事。 *3.11.2 than作关系代词时，一般用在形式为比较级的复合句中，其结构为形容词比较级（more）than从句，than在从句中作主语，相当于that，代表它前面的先行词。（这时，它兼有连词和代词的性质，也有学者认为这种用法的than是连词，后面省略了主语what。） The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxurious than is necessary室内游泳池过于豪华。 He got more money than was wanted他得到了更多的钱。 运用上述知识翻译下列句子： 1任何人都喜欢被赞扬。（but） 2我们大家都想去桂林。（but） 3没有人不同情那些嗷嗷待哺的孩子。（but） 4我们班上没有一个人不想帮你。（but） 5无论多么荒凉，多么难以行走的地方，人们也能把它变成战畅（but） 6这件事情比想象的要复杂。（than） 7这个广告的效果比预想的要好。（than） 8这个问题看起来容易，实际上很难。（than） 9他爸妈给他的零用钱总是超过他的需要。（than） 10因为这项工程非常困难，所以需要投入更多的劳动力。（than） 答案： 1There is no one but likes to be praised 2There is no one of us but wishes to visit Guilin 3There is no man but feels pity for those starving children 4There is no one in our class but wants to help you 5There is no country so wild and difficult but will be made a theatre of war 6This matter is more complex than is imagined 7This advertisement is more affective than is expected 8The problem may be more difficult in nature than would appear 9He got more pocket money from his parents than was demanded 10The project requires more labor than has been put in because it is extremely difficult4定语从句与其他句型的区分4.1定语从句与并列句 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 Mr Li has three daughters, none of _ is an engineer Mr Li has three daughters, but none of _ is a dancer Mr Li has three daughters; _ are doctors 解析：定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。从结构上看，小题是定语从句，故填whom；小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词 them；小题是两个并列分句，无需连接词，缺少主语，故填none或they。 4.2定语从句与状语从句 4.2.1定语从句的前面有名词作先行词，而状语从句没有先行词。 This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这是几年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行词为the place） Lets go where we can find a better job. 我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句） 4.2.2定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词，只能放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句） It was already five oclock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five oclock. 当下课时己经是5点了。（时间状语从句） 4.2.3 When, where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时却不行。 This is the factory where (in which) his father once worked. 这就是他的父亲曾经在那里工作过的那个工厂。（定语从句） Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处。（状语从句） 4.2.4定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉它则从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。如： It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。（as用作动词like的宾语，它引导的是定语从句） It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都喜欢它。（that不充当句子成分，故它引导的是结果状语从句）4.3 定语从句与同位语从句定语从句和同位语从句在形式结构上基本相同，都跟在名词或代词之后，且又常由that引导。但它们的句法功能却不相同。我们可以从以下几个方面把它们区别开来：4.3.1 先行词的范围不同定语从句的先行词范围很广，可以指人、物等，没有限制；同位语从句的被修饰词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词，不指人。同位语从句修饰的词常见的有：belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, thought, order, suggestion, wish, answer, information, conclusion, decision, knowledge, opinion, problem, promise, question, plan, report, truth, view等。例如：T