中考英语写作(书面表达).doc

中考英语书面表达（广东省）1. 题型攻略 题型解读 书面表达是中考中的主观题，分值为 15 分。培养写作技能，训练语言表达能力是新教材英语语言教学的主要内容之一。 新课标 要求学生能在所学词汇、语法和句型的基础上 造简单的句子；能仿照学过的题材和所给的范例写简单的书信、便条、通知等。书面表达 是中考英语测试的一个重要方面，综合考查学生运用所学英语知识进行语言表达的能力。 考查角度： （1） 考查考生能力： 1.观察能力 2.思维能力 3.综合分析能力 4.运用语言知识的能力 5.用英语组词造句，连句成篇的能力 6.书写能力 （2） 考查考生基础语言基础知识： 1. 词类常识 2. 词类的句法功能 3. 动词八种时态用法 4. 动词不定式及动名词的用法 5. 情态动词的用法 6. 形容词和副词比较等级及最高级的用法 7. 主谓一致 8. 被动语态 9. 从句的用法 方法点睛 1. 仔细审题，理清作文要点，确定时态文体。 2. 列提纲。 3. 写作。确保用有把握额词汇和句型，注意文章的连贯性。 4. 通读全文，检查复核。 1.是什么构成一篇好文章？ 是什么构成一篇好文章？ 是什么构成一篇好文章 1.高级的词汇及短语。 Eg. I like basketball and football. -I am fond of basketball as well as football. He is a good student. -He is an excellent student. 2. 复杂的句型。 Eg. I cant go with you tomorrow. I have no time. -? I cant go with you tomorrow because I have no time. 3. 好的连贯性。 使用连接词，过渡自然，连贯通顺， 并列 and; as well as ; also; too, 选择 or; either.or; 原因 because (of) ;owing to; due to ; thanks to 结果 so ; therefore ; thus ; as a result 转折 but ; yet; however ; 递进 besides ; 举例 for example; such as ; 4. 好的内容 2. 如何写好简单句？如何写好简单句 句型 1：S+V（主谓结构：S=主语；V=谓语） The students listened carefully. He runs quickly. My parents work day and night. 句型 2：S+V+P(主系表结构：P=表语) The story sounds interesting. He becomes a teacher when he grew up. 句型 3：S+V+O(主谓宾结构：O=宾语) We found their home easily. You should look after your children well. 句型 4：S+V+O1+O2(主谓双宾结构：O1=间接宾语；O2=间接宾语) He gave a book to me. My brother brought a computer to her. 句型 5：S+V+O+C(主谓宾补结构：C=宾语补足语) The teacher made the girl angry. We all found her happy that day. 3. 如何写好复合句？ 句型 1：主语+及物动词+that（宾语从句） He found that his English was too poor. He decided that he must work hard. 句型 2：主语+whether/if 从句（宾语从句） I wonder whether he will come. I dont know whether he will arrive on time. 句型 3：主语+连接代词/连接副词+从句（宾语从句） No one knows what hes doing. Can you tell me when we are leaving? 句型 4：主句+when/while/as/before/after 从句（状语从句） Please keep silent when/while he is writing. When my mother came in, I was doing my homework. 句型 5：主句+until/till 从句（状语从句） I didnt sleep until/till eleven oclock last night. I do my homework until/till ten oclock every night. 句型 6：主句+since 从句/It is+.since 从句（状语从句） We have lived here since we moved to the city. Its four years since we met last night. We have been good friends since we were at school. 句型 7：主句+as soon as 从句（状语从句） Please call us as soon as you arrive at the airport. I will tell your mother the news as soon as I see her. 句型 8：主句+because 从句 He didnt pass the exam because he didnt study hard. Because you are here, I am here. 句型 9：主句+so that/in order that 从句 Can you speak louder so that/in order that I can hear you? I get up early every morning so that/in order that I can arrive at school on time. 句型 10：主语+be/v.+so+adj./adv+that 从句（状语从句） The child is so lovely that everyone loves her so much. He ran so quickly that I couldnt catch up with him. 句型 11：though/although 从句+主句（状语从句） Though/Although you are a child, I will still punish you. My grandfather is very strong though he is old. 4. 如何处理句子的衔接？5. 表时间的过渡词语：now, than, soon, before long, just now, just then, suddenly, immediately 等。 范例： 一天下午，一些男孩在操场上踢足球，突然有个孩子跌倒了且伤了腿。 One afternoon some boys were playing football on the playground. Suddenly one of them fell over and hurt his leg. =One afternoon some boys were playing football on the playground when one of them fell over and hurt his leg. = One afternoon when some boys were playing football on the playground, one of them fell over and hurt his leg. 表顺序及过程的过渡词语：first(ly), first of all, second(ly), at first, then, next, at last, finally 等。 范例： 每天早晨起床后我有很多事要干，首先刷牙洗脸，接着读书，最后吃饭。 I have a lot of things to do after I get up every morning. First I brush my teeth, wash my face, then do some reading, at last/finally have breakfast. = I have a lot of things to do after I get up every morning. Firstly I brush my teeth, wash my face, secondly do some reading, finally have breakfast. 表转折和让步的过渡词语：but, (and) yet, instead, however, although, though, otherwise, or else, in spite of 等。 范例： 爸爸虽然很忙，但他总是乐于帮我学英语。 Though/Although my father is very busy, he always likes to help me with my English. =Though my father is very busy, yet he always likes to help me with my English. = My father is very busy, however, he always likes to help me with my English.表结果和原因的过渡词语：thus, therefore, so, so.that, so that, as a result, because 等。 范例： 我认为学好英语很重要，因为世界上许多国家都使用它。 I think it is important to learn English well because it is used in many countries in the world. =English is spoken in many countries in the world so I think it is important to learn English well. 表总结的过渡词语：finally, in a word, in short, in the end, in all 等。 范例： 你知道，在我的老师帮助下，我在学习方面取得了很大进步。 As you know, with the help of my teachers, I have made great progress in my studies. = As you know, I have made great progress in my studies with the help of my teachers. 6.学会列作文提纲：例一：利弊型作文Microblog的利与弊Para1: （综述）with the development of internet more and more popularPara2: （利）First, convenient, anywhere, any time; Second, share with; Last, express views free, money-freePara3: （弊）However, one coin has two faces. On the one hand, a waste of timeaffect study; On the other hand, not safestolen, hurt feelingsPara4: （个人）As a student, make good use of it.例二：计划安排型作文谈假期安排Para1: （综述）graduate from, holiday is coming, plan for this holidayPara2: （正文）Firstly, study comes first. make preparations for the first senior year; Secondly, visit tourist attractions; Last but not least, do sports to build up my body.Para3: I am sure Ill have a meaningful holiday. (Im looking forward to the coming holiday.) (I cant wait to enjoy my summer vocation.)例三：图表、数字比例型作文（提出讨论或调查的事实）Last week, our class had a class meeting on (how to) Here are the results. （表达出不同看法或观点）Most students think While 20% of them choose to. Another 15 believe There are also some saying that （表达个人看法） As a student, I agree to例四： 说明利弊型作文Nowadays is becoming more and more popular. It has many advantages . First, 优点1 Besides, 优点2 However, every coin has two sides. It also brings us bad influences. On the one hand, 缺点1 On the other hand, 缺点2 In my opinion,个人观点 例五：不同观点型We made a survey about whether we should 提出矛盾问题. Different people hold different ideas. Some believe 正方观点. First, 原因1 Besides, 原因2 While others dont agree. They think反方观点. On the one hand, 原因1 On the other hand, 原因2 As for me,个人观点 例六： 解决问题型Recently, the problem has been more and more serious. should do something to solve it. Firstly, 方法1 Secondly, 方法2 Finally, 方法3 I am sure if everyone can make a contribution to , the will become better and better. 掌握了以上的写作方法和技巧，经过反复的写作磨练，我相信，参加中考的学子们一定会在中考中写出一篇能够展示内心世界的美丽的英语作文。2. 典例分析 1.应用文 1.应用文 应用文包括启事、通知、书信、日记、电子邮件等形式。下面举例说明其写作思路和方法。 例 1.2009 年海珠一模 假如你的朋友 Juliana 从美国来你的学校期末将一起参加考试，她有点紧张。作为朋友，请你写几条建议给她，告诉她注意事项： 1要制定一个复习计划；2 考试前要早早上床，要有充足的睡眠； 3考试前要吃好早餐； 4 自由发挥一两条建议。 注意：不要逐条翻译，可以适当增加谈论话题时经常用到的词语和连接词，使所写内 容 连贯。所写内容必须包括以上所有内容，开头和结尾已写好。 Dear Juliana， Im sorry to hear that youre worried about your examsHeres some advice Good luck！ Best wishes! Yours, Li Jie 写作指导： 本文是一封书信，属于应用文。内容是你要向你的朋友 Juliana 提些建议，让她避免因为考试而紧张得心理。从内容上看，我们可以发现提建议，我们最好采用情态动词，同时可以运用 had better do 的句型。另外，我们应当避免对要点的直译，我们可以多使用连贯词如 besides，能够使文章更具连贯性。【写作提纲：1、开头称呼（要恰当，一般用dear 加名字）2、正文：Im sorry to hear that.advice.one of the most important thing to do is.,then.you should.youd better do.because.,whats more.3、结束语，I hope.Good luck.Best wishes.4、署名（Yours.）】 范文： Dear Juliana， Im sorry to hear that youre worried about your examsHeres some adviceI think one of the most important things to do is to make a planThen you can have enough time to revise everythingYou should go to bed early and have a good sleep so that you will feel good the next morningEvery morning，youd better have a good breakfast and you can eat some bread，milk fruit and so on，because food gives you energyWhat is more，I think you mustnt be too nervous about the exams，and it can help you think clearly I hope my advice is of some help to you Good luck！ Best wishes! Yours, Li Jie 例 2.2010 花都一模 假如你是李华。5 月 1 日你被邀请参加广州“迎亚运，学英语”的英语晚会活动。那天活动 非常丰富，请你按要求写一篇英文小报道，发表在 21 世纪中学生版 teens 上。内容包括： 1. 当天活动的安排； 2. 你参加的一至两项活动及原因； 3. 你对活动的感受。 “迎亚运，学英语”英语晚会安排表 6：30p.m-7：30p.m： 听讲座：如何用英语介绍亚运 （全体参加） 7：40p.m-8：40p.m： 观看表演和参加游戏（自由选择） 1. 英文歌 2. 英语小故事 3. 英语游戏 注意： 1 词数 80 左右（开头已写好，不计入词数） 2 可适当添加细节，但不能透露个人的任何信息（例如：具体的学校和姓名等），否则不 予评分。 On May 1st, I took part in an English party which was held to welcome the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games. 写作指导： 写作指导： 1. 审题：本题要求写一篇报道。2. 定要点：活动的安排 你参加的一至两项活动及原因 你对活动的感受 3. 定人称：第一人称 4. 定时态：一般过去时 【写作提纲：May 1st.take part in.an English party.held to welcome.the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games,From()to().speech.At.English performance.English songs,English stories,English games.listen,watch.end at.excited.】范文： On May 1st, I took part in an English party which is held to welcome the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games. There were a lot to do in the party. From 6:30 p.m to 7:30 p.m, we listened to a speech and learned how to introduce the Asian Games in English. At 7:40, English performances began. There were English songs, English stories and English games and you could choose what you like. I like listening to English songs very much, so I went to watch the young singers singing in English. They all sang beautifully and I gave them a big hand. The party ended at 8:40 p.m. I was very excited to take part in the English party. I think thats a good way to let people learn English and know about more the Asian Games. 2. 提示作文 提示作文 写提示作文要注意两个方面：一是内容，二是表达。对内容的要求是包括所有要点，如果 要点遗漏，就会失分。为防止遗漏要点，下笔前可以在题上标出 1，2，3。最难的是表 达。一般要求是用词准确，不出现语言错误；较高的要求是能够写出结构复杂的句子，熟 练运用较好的短语和句型，并适当发挥。 例 12010 天河区一模 很多学生都抱怨总是记不住学过的东西。 请根据下面内容提示写一篇题为“The ways to improve memory”的短文。词数 80 词，短文的开头和结尾已给出，不算入总词数内。 要点提示： 1. 集中精神做事；(focus your attention) 2. 要想记得长久，必须先理解好文章； 3. 及时复习，防止遗忘； 4. 多吃对大脑有益的食物，如牛奶、鸡蛋、鱼类等； 5. 多做运动、保证充足的睡眠和休息，这是增强记忆力的关键。 写作指导： 写作指导： 从写作提示内容我们可以看到有很多条，所以在写作中为了让作文更具有连惯性，我们可 以实用 first,second,third 这些连贯词要提示连接起来。同时在写作中我们一定要善于用情态 动词来表达建议。写作中采用第二人称。 【写作提纲：Memory is important.ways to improve.Firstly,focus ones attention,Secondly, understand,remember for a long time.Thirdly,go over,in time.Fourthly,eat more food,eggs,milk,fish.Most importantly,do more exercise,get enough sleep.】范文： Memory is very important in our daily life and study. Here are some ways to improve it. Firstly, when you study, you should focus your attention and dont think about other things. Secondly, you should understand what you are learning. If so, you can remember things for a long time. Thirdly, if you go over what you h ave learned in time, you will not forget the things easily. Fourthly, eat more food, such as eggs, milk, fish, they can improve your memory. Most importanly, you should do more exercise, get enough sleep and enough rest after hard work. Its the key to improving your memory. If you can do so, you will have a good memory. 例 2. 2009 海珠区一模 目前，学生考试作弊现象严重，请围绕以下要点谈谈其中原因以及个人建议。 内容包括： 一、原因：1.考试太多 ; 2.自身勤奋不够 ; 3.把大量时间用在上网和玩游戏上 ; 4.为了 骗取家长和老师高兴。 二、你的看法与建议。 要求：1、字数 80 左右； 2、围绕要点可适当发挥。【写作提纲：bad habit,pick up,cheat in exams.reasons,First,too many exams,Second,not hard-working,Third,waste time in playing games,Internet,not prepare,Finally,make teachers and parents happy.In my opinion, do harm to study,honest,diligent,besides,fewer exams.】 范文： At present, a number of middle school students have picked up a bad habit cheating in examinations. There are four main reasons. First, schools have given students too many exams, some of which are too difficult. Second, some students are not hard-working and they dont work hard at their lessons. Third, they waste a lot of time playing games or surfing the Internet. So they havent enough time to prepare for the exams. Finally, students have to do so to make their teachers and parents happy. In my opinion, cheating in exams does great harm to our study. We students should be honest and diligent, and only in this way can we improve our study and make progress. Besides, our teachers should offer us fewer exams and more time to study for ourselves. 3. 易错点清单 学生在英语写作中常常出现很多错误。下面我们将对一些常见的错误进行归纳，并对一 些典型的病句逐一加以剖析。 1 不一致 所谓不一致不只是指主谓不一致，还包括数的不一致，时态的不一致及其 代词的不一致。如： Once Mary have money, she can do what she want to do. ( have-has ) 2 修饰语错位 英语和汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子中的不同位置，句子的含义可能发生变化。 如： She can play basketball. She too can play football. She too can play football. She can play football too. 3 句子不完整 在口语中，交际双方可以借助手势、语气、上下文等理解不完整的句子。可是，书面 语就不同了，句子的不完整会影响句子意义的表达。这种情况经常会出现在主句写完后， 作者又想加些补充说明的时候。如： There are many ways to know the information. For example, by TV, radio, newspaper and so on. 解析：本句的后半部分 For example, by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.是一个不完整的 句子，应改为： There are many ways to know the information.，for example, by TV, radio, newspaper and so on. 4 词性误用 词性误用常表现为：介词当动词用，形容词当副词用，名词当动词用。如： She went to asleep after she finished her homework. 解析：asleep 是一个形容词，这里误用为一个动词。应改为： She went to sleep after she finished her homework. 5 不连贯 指一个句子前言不搭后语，或者结构上不通畅。如： Happiness, it is the most important things in the world. 解析：Happiness 与逗号后的 it 不连贯，另外，it 与 things 在数方面不一致。应改为： Happiness is the most important thing in the world. 四. 模拟练习 A 篇.（2009 花都一模） 你作为交流学生到过加拿大。你的好朋友李华 11 月将作为交流学生到加拿大学习一段时 间。她来信询问你有关在加拿大生活学习的情况。请你给她写一封英文的回信，向她提一 些在加拿大生活的建议。内容包括： 注意的方面 建议 天气寒冷 多带暖衣服 寄居在加拿大家庭 1 进入别人房间前先敲门； 2 使用电话前先询问； 3 礼貌待人，多些交流； 重要物品 随身携带或存入银行 注意： 3 词数 80 左右（开头已写好，不计入词数） 4 可适当添加细节，但不能透露个人的任何信息（例如：具体的学校和姓名等），否则不予评分。 Dear Lihua, I am happy to hear that you are going to study in Canada. But it seems you are worried about living there. B 篇（2009 白云区一模） 最近的一项研究调查表明，大约 20%的学生有不吃早餐的习惯。请根据下列表格内容 提示用英语写一篇短文。 1.晚上学习太晚，想睡多一会而不吃早餐； 2. 家长太忙无法照顾，直接给钱让孩子自己解决； 3. 一些男生把钱拿去玩游戏机，一些女生想保持苗条不吃早餐 1. 上课无精打采，成绩下降； 2. 身体越来越差； ？ （至少写出一条建议并说明原因） 原 后 因 果 你 的 建 议 注意：1. 词数 80 左右（短文的开头已给出，不计入词数）； 2. 不能透露个人任何信息（例如：学校和姓名等），否则不予评分。 A survey shows that about 20% of the students have a bad habit of not having breakfast. Thats because 3. （2010 白云一模）以“A person I will never forget”为题，写一篇英语短文。内容包括： 1. 人物的外貌 (至少描叙两个特征，例如年龄、身材、发型等) 2. 性格和爱好 3. 使你难忘之处 (要求有具体事例) 注意: 1. 词数 80 左右 2. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。 A person I will never forget D 篇.（2010 番禺区一模） 网上交友已成为当代青年生活的一部分，它有助于青年人相互认识和了解，也有助于朋友 之间相互帮助, 共享忧愁。同时，网上交友也存在一些危险，令人担心。请以 “Is Making Friends Online Bad or Good?” 为题，写一篇英语短文, 谈谈你对网上交友的观点, 开头语已 给出。 参考词汇： share 分享；分担 cheat 欺骗 Is making friends online bad or good? Life without friends must be boring. E 篇.（2010 黄埔区一模） 良好的生活习惯对我们的成长是非常重要的。你认为，良好的生活习惯应当是怎样的 呢？请根据下面图中的要点提示，写一篇英语短文，发表您个人的观点。 注意：1. 词数 80 左右（文章的开头已给出, 不计入总词数）； 2. 内容须包括图中的要点，可适当发挥，但不要逐条翻译； 3. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。 5. 积极锻炼身体 良好的生活习 惯? 1、必须吃早餐 2、饮食健康，多吃水果、蔬 3早睡早 4. 饭前洗手 What are the good life habits Its very important for us to have better life habits. 范文： A 篇. Dear Lihua, I am happy to hear that you are going to study in Canada. But it seems you are worried about living there. Now I want to give you some advice. The weather in Canada in November is quite cold, so youd better bring more warm clothes with you. Because you will live with an Canadian family, you have to remember not to enter others room without knocking at the door. Before you use the phone, please ask the family first. Everything will be fine if you are polite and ready to talk to them. They will enjoy having you in the house. If you have something important, such as money, you should carry it with you all the time or you can keep it in the bank. Hope you will enjoy your life there. Yours, Lihua B 篇. A survey shows that about 20% of the students have a bad habit of not having breakfast. Thats because they study too late at night and they can sleep longer without breakfast in the morning. And their parents are too busy to look after them. They just give them some money for breakfast. But some students spend the money playing computer games. As a result, they feel sleepy in class. They take no interest in studying, they do worse in the exams. And their bodies are getting worse and worse. To make the things better, they should have breakfast every day because its good for their health and it can help them think better. Teenagers health should begin with good breakfast. C 篇. A person I will never forget The person Ill never forget is my English teacher. He