短文改错讲解及练习.doc

短文改错一、名词（一）、分清可数名词与不可数名词，可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式。（二）、熟记可数名词的复数形式变化及常用的不可数名词。（三）、注意可数名词在句中的用法，要么在其前加a, an, the;要么用它的复数形式。（四）、不能混淆修饰可数名词的词与修饰不可数名词的词。(只能修饰可数名词的有few, a few, many, a number of,只能修饰不可数名词的有little, a little, much, an amount of, a great deal of, 两者都可用的有some, any, a lot of, plenty of, a quantity of, masses of )（五）、注意固定搭配中的单复数形式。（六）、并列结构中单、复数应一致。练习（名词）：1.My parents want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject.2. I was advised on all side not to quarrel with my boss.3.What a beautiful weather we are having recently!4.He spent his spare times studying and finally became a college teacher.5.If there are much more people in the world, there must be more food to feed people.6. A little yards away stood an enemy with a gun in his hand.7. We have spent several precious weekend in learning in the English club.8. We have made a great progress.9. They asked me much questions.10. Why is he liked by people from different culture?二、动词：（一）、看句子结构。英语中每个句子都有谓语，且由动词来担任，所以不能没有谓语或把其他词性看作动词用作谓语，也不能把动词看作其他词性。（二）、时态。特别要注意动词的过去试，及过去分词的拼写。（三）、语态。英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。需熟记take place, happen, occur, break out, break forth, fall, rise, die, lie, appear等常见的不及物动词。（四）、一致。包括与前面主语人称和数的一致以及几个动词的结构一致。（五）、正确选用非谓语动词。（六）、不能错用动词。其中有一条是根据上下文的逻辑关系将这个动词改为它的反义词，譬如把go, arrive, open, borrow, take, sell依次改为come, leave, close, lend (return),bring(give),buy.（七）、注意固定搭配。练习（动词）：1.Id like to your pen friend.2.Did he absent from the last meeting?3. Price of fruit and vegetables has been gone up.4. Great changes have been taken place in the past 10 years.5. Such a practice must put to an end.6. Robert and Mary have married for a few weeks.7. South of the town lie a big river.8. Between the trees stand a stranger.9. Ill spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for the coming examination.10.He got to the river, sitting on the bank and began to fishing.11. Its so cold here. Would you please keep the door open?12. It will make you good to have outdoor exercise.13. What he has done is really disappointed.14. China is a developing country belonged to the third world.15. When completing, the museum will be open to the public.16. Facing with the problem, we couldnt know how to work it out.17. Im looking forward to see all of you again in the near future.三、形容词和副词：（一）、分清形容词和副词。譬如某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，例如：friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, silly, orderly, timely, weekly等。（二）、正确选择形容词和副词，注意两者不同的作用:形容词修饰名词作定语；置于系动词之后，作表语；还常作一些动词的宾补。副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、全句或名词词组及介词，作状语。（三）、注意形容词和副词的一些特殊情况。譬如：ill, content, afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake, worth等表语形容词，它们只作表语，不作前置定语，并有固定的副词来修饰它们。例如：well content, all/very much alone, sound/fast asleep, wide awake, well worth等。有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以形容词加-ly构成，但它们有不同的含义。例如：close/closely, free/freely, high/highly, wide/widely, deep/deeply, hard/hardly, most/mostly等。（四）、要分清不同类的“级”，以免混淆。（五）、区别修饰各“级”的副词。练习（形容词和副词）：1. They laughed, told jokes about each other, and seemed quite comfortably.2. If we dont careful protect our environment, the last drop of water will be our own tears.3. This book is very worth reading again.4. Can you make it clearly what we should do next?5. People in Arab countries like standing closely to one another when they are talking.6. People here do not shake hands as more as we do in China.7. It is real a good chance to have met all of you here.8. There are no easily answers.9. His words great affect her.10. Although in his eighties, he remains actively.四、代词:（一）、人称代词应注意：1）不能错用格；2）上下文单复数一致；3）上下文阴阳性一致。（二）、指示代词应注意：1）this, that表示单数；these, those表示复数； 2）this, that可作副词用，意思相当于so; 3）such, same多用于固定结构，例如：suchas/that, the sameas/that.(三）、关系代词不能跟关系副词混在一起。（四）、熟记常用的不定代词，如 one,all,both,either,each,many,much,little,few,other,another,something,anything,nothing等。并注意以下几点：1）这些词本身不同的含义，2）若在定语从句中作先行词，关系代词应用that; 3）something, anything, nothing常看作单数，代词用it,修饰他们的形容词应后置。练习（代词）：1.His book is quite different from me.2. Mr. Bean breaks social rules wherever she goes.3. The foreign teachers here work hard and try his best to make the activities lively and interesting.4. Little children believe that Father Christmas comes down from the North Pole to leave presents to him.5. If you like this book, you can take them away.6. He received many gifts, that he placed around the Christmas trees.7. They are trying to find a house that they can live. 8. We used to live in an old house which windows faced south.9. The idea which England stands for fish, chips and Big Ben is past.10. What we cant get seems better than that we have.五、数词（一）、注意hundred, thousand, million, billion, dozen, score等词表示确切数和不确切数时的用法。（二）、表示哪个世纪，哪个年代以及某人几十几岁时的表达方式。（三）在与基数词构成的复合形容词中，名词用单数。（四）序数词、分数及百分数的正确表示。练习（数词）：1. There are two scores of soldiers drilling on the playground.2. In the 1980s, when he was already in the forties, he began to learn English.3. My neighbor is an eighty-years-old woman.4. I have told him hundred of times.六、连词连词分为从属连词和并列连词，答题时需注意：（一）根据全文逻辑发展顺序正确选择并列连词和从属连词。（二）从属连词如because和so ,though/although和but, if 与and/or等不能同时使用。（三）正确使用并列连词and, or, but与for。练习（连词）：1. The activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.2.Tom didnt see the film, and John did.3. I am sure Ive made some progress in my listening or speaking. 4.You will not fail unless you work harder.5.He had no sooner arrived when he fell ill.6. Although I was not one of the winners, but I was proud of that we had done. 7.If you go straight along this street, and you will soon see the cinema.8.Because he had left his key in the room, so he had use the ladder.七、介词（一）英语中的介词多为固定搭配，须熟记。特别是要熟记形容词短语、动词短语和介词短语中的介词。（二）有关介词的改错题经常以多用介词或少用介词的形式出现。练习（介词）:1. The tailor is very proud for his sons success.2. The bottle is full with unknown liquid.3. It turned up that the job was much harder than we had thought.4. We hope to find the answers with the experiment.5. Shakespear is famous for a playwright (剧作家)6. He is a great teacher worth looking up.7. I want to know what difficulty he has had with carrying out the experiment.8. The children are taken good care.八、冠词（一）a, an, the在单数可数名词前的用法。（二）熟记用与不用冠词的一些特殊情况。1. To east of the city lies a mountain.2. It was my first visit to a American family.3. The sports meeting is really success.4.Now Susan is paying visit to Henerys Family in Sydney.5. We should protect the nature.命题特点1、以记叙文为主；2、错误类型设置相对稳定，错词占6行，正确占1行，多词和缺词共占3行；3、重点考查动词时态、语态、非谓语形式、动词词义辨析，兼顾名词、介词、代词、冠词、形容、副词、连词，还涉及到句型结构、行文逻辑和固定（习惯）搭配等方面的错误。解题步骤及方法一、通读全文, 掌握大意;二、整句理解, 逐行推敲;三、复读全文, 检查核对.NMET1997Dear Bob, Hello. I learn about you from my English teacher,1 _Miss Fang. Id like to your penfriend, and get to 2 _Know more about your country. First, let me tell you something more about myself.3 _My name is Li Hua. I live in Beijing, where is the 4_Capital of China. I go to Hongqi Middle School. We 5_Study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese 6 _English and physics. I use to play ping-pong a lot 7_In my spare time, but now I am interesting in 8_Football. Do you play any ball games? What your favourite 9_Sport? I look forward to hear from you soon.10_ Yours, Li HuaNMET1998My favourite sport is football. I was a member of 1_Our school football team. We practise for three times 2_Every week and often watch football match on 3 _together. Play football not only makes us grow up 4_Tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and 5_Team spirit. We must keep in mind that we play 6_For the team instead ourselves. Also, the sport 7_Teaches us the important of obedience. Each 8_Player must obey captain, who is the leader of 9_the team. And they must not break the rules too 10_often if we want to win the game.NMET1999Now I cant watch much television but a few years ago 1_I was used to watch it every night. I was often 2_A little tired after a days work and watch TV 3_Demands very little effort. Unfortunate there are 4_Too many people among my family. Some wanted 5_To see the programme while others preferred 6_Another. I am happy with any programme but 7_The others spent a lot time arguing and there 8_Was no way of settling the matter except by 9_Selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. 10_NMET2000 The day before the speech contest English teacher 1_talked to me. She said that she and my schoolmate all 2_wished me success, but it didnt matter that I would 3_win or not. When I was on the stage the next day, I felt so 4_nervous as I shook like a leaf. There were so many people 5_present! Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in 6_the crowd. She was smiling but nodding at me. I remembered 7 _her words and calm down. I did a good job and won the first 8_prize. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. 9_Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher.10_NMET2001Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor 1_sisters in any other words, I am an only child. My parents 2_love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure 3_that I get a good education. They did not want me to do 4_any work at family; they want me to devote all my time to 5_my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. We 6_may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do 7_not seem to get much time to talk about together. It looks 8_as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. Do they 9_really understand their own daughter? What things are in 10_other homes, I wonder.NMET2002Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip toEmei Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, its famous 76._ mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77._was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78._the mountain. The three of them were very excited. As we 79. _climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples 80._and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82._Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83._of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was good. 84._ I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85._head touched the pillow.NMET2003When I first learned to write in English, I 1_Ran into man