江苏省溧水县高考英语最后冲刺 阅读理解巩固训练7(1).doc

2014江苏省溧水县高考英语阅读理解巩固训练社会现象类(2013湖北，d)a german study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.the paper, published this march in psychology and aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 germans between ages 18 and 96.the surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.the researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“we observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote frieder rlang, a professor at the university of erlangennuremberg.lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施)，”the authors wrote.surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.the authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.however, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“we found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.5according to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?aoptimistic adults. bmiddleaged adults.cadults in poor health. dadults of lower income.解析细节理解题。由文章第四段第一句话“the researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”可知中年人可以更加精确地预测他们的未来。故选b项。答案b6pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people_.ato fully enjoy their present lifebto estimate their contribution accuratelycto take measures against potential risksdto value health more highly than wealth解析细节理解题。由第六、七段中的关键信息“.people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions.”及“.contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施).”可知对未来持悲观态度的人会对他们的行动更加小心并且采取一些预防措施，故选c项。答案c7how do people of higher income see their future?athey will earn less money.bthey will become pessimistic.cthey will suffer mental illness.dthey will have less time to enjoy life.解析细节理解题。由第八段第一句话“surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”可知工资高的人会预料他们未来工资的下降，故选a项。答案a8what is the clear conclusion of the study?apessimism guarantees chances of survival.bgood financial condition leads to good health.cmedical treatment determines health outcomes.dexpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.解析推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句话“we found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，the authors concluded.”可知对未来生活满意度的预测随年龄的增长而下降。答案d时闻型阅读理解-(二)experts say the temperature in eyjafjallajokulls hole appears to have fallen to 100， meaning it is now producing steam, not magma(岩浆)but officials warned that it was too early to say whether the eruption was over completely.ash clouds from the volcano grounded thousands of flights last month.steinunn jakobsdottir, a geophysicist from the icelandic meteorological office, told the bbc that the volcano was “kind of not active for the moment”“the history of the volcano is such that it calms down and then it gets energy again，” she said.“there are still earthquakes under the volcano, and the small earthquake is still not quite down to what it was before the eruption.”magnus gudmundsson, of iceland university, flew over the volcano on sunday and said information from heat cameras showed the temperatures at the crater had fallenbelow 100.but he told the afp news agency that nothing was promised and that the previous eruption at the volcano had lasted 13 months, from 18211823.“it stopped and started again several times with different intervals(间隔), so its difficult to say, difficult to give a timeline，” he said.he also said it was impossible to say whether the neighbouring katla volcanoa much larger mountainmight also erupt.at the height of its activity, the volcano sent out huge clouds of ash, which led to airlines grounding their planes for fear it could interfere with plane engines.it was the biggest action of closing airspace in europe since world war ， and affected at least 10 million passengers worldwide.1what do experts think eyjafjallajokull is like now?amagma is still coming out.bthe hole appears about 100.cthe eruption was not over.dit is very cold.2how do experts know the temperature in eyjafjallajokulls hole?aby taking photos.bby taking its temperature.cby going close to it.dby driving past it.3what does steinunn jakobsdottir think of eyjafjallajokull? ait will erupt again soon.bit will be sleeping.canother mountain might also erupt.dits uncertain.4what do you think the main idea is?athe biggest action of closing airspace in europe.bthe temperature in eyjafjallajokulls hole.cthe eyjafjallajokull volcano in iceland.dthe earthquake in iceland.(二)【要点综述】一些专家认为，艾雅法拉火山的温度降到了100，也就是不会再爆发，但也有的专家提出了不同的观点。1b细节理解题。从第一段的“experts say the temperature in eyjafjallajokulls hole appears to have fallen to 100.”可知b 项正确。2a细节理解题。从第七段的“said information from heat cameras showed the temperatures at the crater had fallen below 100.”可知a项正确。3d细节理解题。从第四段至第六段可知d项正确。4c主旨大意题。一些专家认为，艾雅法拉火山的温度降到了100，也就是不会再爆发，但也有的专家提出不同的观点。故选c项。阅读理解-a a caring mother is the single most important factor in preventing teenagers from abusing(滥用)drugs and alcohol，researchers said on friday. an international study showed that teenagers living with both parents are less likely to suffer from alcohol and drug problems，and a strong maternal bond is the most effective way to fight against them. “these findings suggest that living with both parents may prevent drug use.”said dr.mcardle，of newcastle university in northern england,who led the study.“they also suggest that attachment(感情眷念)，particularly to mothers，is a more effective factor and that this is truly across cultures and substances.”the report,which is published in the journal addiction,involved nearly 4,000 teenagers in england, ireland, italy，germany and the netherlands.they were questioned about their use of several kinds of drugs and alcohol.the teenagers also filled in questionnaires about their relationship with their parents and grandparents,how well they were supervised(监护)after school and whether they were allowed to meet friends at home. “both the quality of family relationships and the structure of families have significant influences on youth drug use,”mcardle said in a statement.but he added a strong maternal bond offered the greatest protection against developing drug habits.the rate of drug abuse among teenagers living with both parents and who had a good relationship with their mother was 16.6 percent.if either factor was missing ,the drug abuse rate rose to 32 percentmore than 42 percent of teenagers living in one parent families who did not have a strong bond with their mother used drugs drug prevention campaigns in british schools and on television warn teenagers about the danger of drugs and alcohol but mcardle said no one is dealing with the problem of their parents responsibility.1.the phrase“maternal bond”refers to_a.the education of mothers b.the supervision of mothers on children c. whether the mother uses drugsd.the guidance of schools on mothers 答案解析：答案为b。本题为词义推断题，考生需结合上下文才能解答此题。从第一段最后一句话 “and a strong maternal bond is the most effective way to fight against them.”和第二段dr.mcardle讲的第二句话 “they also suggest that attachment(感情眷念)，particularly to mothers，is a more effective factor and that this is truly across cultures and substances.”可以推断出来，“maternal bond” 指的是 “母亲对孩子的管束”。2.according to mcardle,which is most likely to have the drug abuse problem?a.16-year-old tom from a happy big family b.17-year-old kate supervised by her single motherc.18-year-old juliet living with her single fatherd.19-year-old mark cared by his parents.答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节推理题。注意题干所问的是 “在mcardle看来，哪种情况的青少年最有可能吸毒？” 从第二段dr.mcardle讲的第一句话 “these findings suggest that living with both parents may prevent drug use.”可知a、d选项不可选；从dr.mcardle讲的第二句话 “they also suggest that attachment(感情眷念)，particularly to mothers，is a more effective factor and that this is truly across cultures and substances.” 可知b选项不可选；只有c选项 “和单身父亲一起生活的juliet” 最有可能吸毒。故答案为c。3which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?a.teenagers with both parents wont have the drug use problem.b.teenagers from several countries filled in the questionnaire.c.teenagers were asked about their relationship with parentsd.teenagers in british schools are warned against drugs abuse.答案解析：答案为a。本题为细节题。从第二段 “involved nearly 4,000 teenagers in england, ireland, italy，germany and the netherlands.”可知b选项被提到了；从第二段最后一句话 “the teenagers also filled in questionnaires about their relationship with their parents and grandparents,”可知c选项被提到了；从最后一段 “drug prevention campaigns in british schools and on television warn teenagers about the danger of drugs and alcohol”可知d 选项也被提到了。故答案为a。4.the last paragraph suggests that_.a.schools should answer for the drug problem b.television and media are to blamec.parents and the society are responsible for the drug problem d.mothers are the cause of youth drug use答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节推理题。从最后一段 “but mcardle said no one is dealing with the problem of their parents responsibility.”可知，答案为c。时闻型阅读理解-(三)beijingchinas beijing and shanghai cities and guangdong province on sunday published plans to gradually allow migrant workers children to enter senior high schools and sit college entrance exams locally.they are the latest in a total of 13 provinces and municipalities(市) to formulate plans to ensure that rural children who have followed their parents to cities can enjoy the same rights as their urban peers in education.beijing will allow migrant workers children to attend local vocational schools in 2013 and allow them to be matriculated by universities after graduating from the vocational programs in 2014, said a statement from the citys commission of education.shanghai took a step further, saying it will allow migrant children in the city to enter local senior high schools, vocational schools and sit college entrance exams (commonly known as gaokao) locally starting in 2014.guangdong has asked its cities to start recruiting(招收) migrant workers children in local senior high schools in 2013. the province will allow these children to sit gaokao and compete with local residents in college entrance exams starting in 2016. luo weiqi said the restrictions would be relaxed gradually and “step by step” as the province must solve the conflict between its gigantic migrant population and a scarcity of education resources.migrant workers, whose children could be benefited by the new plans of the three regions, must have residential permits, stable jobs and incomes, and meet other local requirements, according to the plans.chinas hukou, or household registration system, used to confine children to attending schools in their home provinces. a regulation in 2003 amended this by allowing migrant workers children to receive the nineyear compulsory education in cities where their parents worked.official figures show that china has more than 250 million farmersturnedworkers living in cities. an estimated 20 million children have migrated with their parents to the cities.1whats the best title of this passage?achinas educational reform on the waybmigrants dreams come truecreform plans published for migrant childrens educationdmigrants ask for equal rights in education2which of the following sta