经济学专业英语.doc

Unit one经济体系 economic system经济目标 economic goal经济活动 economic activity经济增长 economic growth经济萧条 economic depression经济理论 economic theory经济收益 economic benefit经济效益 economic results经济效益 economic performance经济效益 economic effectiveness经济环境 economic environment经济政策 economic policy经济欲望 economic wants经济模式 economic mound/model经济杠杆 economic lever经济机构 economic institution经济布局 economic pattern经济命脉 economic lifeline经济结构 economic structure经济合同 economic contract经济危机 economic crisis 经济奇迹 economic miracle经济实体 economic entity经济制裁 economic sanction经济基础 economic basis/base经济复苏 economic recoveryUnit two有效需求 effective demand市场需求 market demand供大于求 oversupply/gult (supply exceeds demand)供给曲线 supply curve需求量 quantity demanded需求变化 change in demanded需求定律 law of demand需求曲线 demand curve供不应求 weak supply市场机制 market mechanism需求分析 demand analysis供给表 supply schedule反向关系 negative relationship市场价格 market price均衡价格 equilibrium price实际价格 actual priceUnit three讨价还价 price bargain价格可比性 price comparability时价表/行情表 price current最低价（限度） price floor最高价（限度） price ceiling价格波动 price fluctuation物价指数 price index价格变动幅度 price range价格暴涨 price boom价格管制 price control价格预测 price expectation提价 price increase物价水平 price level价格尺度 price measure价格剪刀差 price scissors物价稳定 price stability物价螺旋上升 price spiral价格战 price war价格调整 price adjustment价格歧视 price discriminationUnit four利润最大化 profit maximization总收益 total revenue机会成本 opportunity costs显性成本 explicit costs隐性成本 implicit costs经济利润 economic profit会计利润 accounting profit正常利润 normal profit固定成本 fixed costs可变成本 variable costs平均总成本 average total costs边际成本 marginal costs私人成本 private costs社会成本 social costs经济决策 economic decision makingUnit five进入壁垒 barriers to entry潜在原因 potential cause现实经济 actual economy市场份额 market share公共利益 public interest收取较高价格 charge higher prices赚取较多利润 earn higher profits自然垄断 natural monopoly垄断地位 monopoly position竞争性市场 competitive market增强竞争 increase competition行政管理人员 administrative staff成本-收益分析 cost-benefit analysis管制制度 regulatory system无谓损失 deadweight loss筹款 raise money集体所有制 collective ownership利益集团 interest group产业革命 industrial revolution实际上（3个） in practice/effect/essence与此相比 by contrast简而言之 put simplyUnit six不完全竞争 imperfect competition市场结构 market structure制造业 manufacturing industry产品差异化 product differentiation相互依赖 mutual interdependence换句话说（3个）stated another waystated differently/in other words标准化产品 standardized product法律壁垒 legal barrier非价格竞争 nonprice competition运动鞋 athletic shoe 减价（2个） price cut/reduction涨价 price hike做出定价决策 make pricing decisions价格刚性 price rigidity价格大战 price war瓦解 break up贫富差距 the gap between the rich and the poorUnit seven国民收入核算 national income account国内生产总值 gross adj.总共的domestic product 国民生产总值 gross national product国内生产净值 net domestic product实际国内生产总值 real gross domestic product名义国内生产总值 nominal gross domestic product现值美元 current dollar最终产品 final goods 增加值，附加值 value added销售税 sales tax市场价格 market price净收入 net income生产要素 factor of production不变美元 constant dollar中间产品 intermediate goods 本期产出 current output货物税 excise n. 消费税；货物税tax 净价 net price要素成本 factor cost实际产出 physical outputUnit eight资本积累 capital accumulation总生产函数 aggregate production function劳动供给 labor supply物质资本 physical capital收益递减 diminishing returns人力资本 human capital资本存量 capital stock劳动生产率 labor productivity劳动力 labor force规模经济 economies n.节约（economy复数）of scaleUnit nine抢购 panic n. 恐慌buying 基年 base year加权法 weight measurement物价指数 price index收入分配 income distribution需求拉上型通货膨胀 demand-pull inflation成本推动型通货膨胀 cost-push inflation通货膨胀率 inflation rate生产价值 production value货币供应量 money supplyUnit eleven外汇资产 foreign exchange assets n. 资产外汇经纪人foreign exchange broker外汇负债foreign exchange liabilities负债外汇市场 foreign exchange market外汇汇率 foreign exchange rate资产结合平衡理论 portfolio证券投资组合 balance theory中央银行 central bank干预市场 intervene 干涉in the market 外汇银行foreign exchange bank外汇波动foreign exchange fluctuation外汇许可foreign exchange license 外汇牌价foreign exchange quotations外汇储备foreign exchange reserves n. 储备货币理论 monetary theory增加需求 increase demand以英镑标价的证券 Sterling-denominated securitiesUnit twelve金融市场 financial market金融中心 financial center金融工具 financial instrument金融资本 financial capital金融体系 financial system金融机制 financial mechanism金融危机 financial crisis金融期货 financial future金融机构 financial institution金融风险 financial risk金融债券 financial bond金融政策 financial policy国际储备 international reserve国际结算 international settlement国际汇兑 international exchange