英语口语书问题.doc

Unit 1 Friends1. Do you have many friends? Yes, I have many friends but only one or two bosom friends. 我有很多朋友，但知心朋友只有一两个. Yes, I have many friends but only one or two devoted pals. 我有很多朋友，但忠实的朋友只有一两个。 Yes, I have many friends but only one or two valuable friends. 我有很多朋友，但珍贵的朋友只有一两个。 Yes, I have many friends but only one or two lifelong pals. 我有很多朋友，但毕生的朋友只有一两个。2.Do you differentiate between your friends? How? I regard some of our friends as our bosom friends, and others as ordinary friends. 我把一些朋友看作是知心朋友，把其他的视为普通朋友。I regard some of our friends as our intimate friends, and others as casual friends. 我把一些朋友看作是亲密的朋友，而其他的则视为泛泛之交。 We regard some of our friends as our devoted/loyal/faithful friends, and others as ordinary friends. 我们把一些朋友看作是忠实的朋友，把其他的视为普通朋友。 Those who are unfaithful to us cant becalled our friends. 那些对我们不忠实的人不能称为我们的朋友。 We regard some of our friends as our valuable friends, and others as casual friends. 我们把一些朋友看作是珍贵的朋友，而其他的则视为泛泛之交。 Those who are disloyal to us cant be called our friends. 那些对我们不忠诚的人不能称为我们的朋友。3. What kind of friends do you think are true/good friends? A good friend is a friend for life. 好朋友是终生的朋友。 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难之交见真情。 A good friend is, as it were, a second self. 可以说好朋友如同自己的心腹/左膀右臂。 A true friend is one whom you can count on, trust and talk to. 真正的朋友是一个你能依赖，信任和与之交谈的人。 A good friend is someone who will help you if you are in trouble. 好朋友是一个在你身处于困境时给你帮助的人。 A friend is someone who will listen to you when you talk about your problems. 真正的朋友是一个能倾听你诉说烦心事的人。 Real friends are friends forever/for life. 真正的朋友是终生的朋友。 A friend is a person before whom you may think aloud. 好朋友是个你能在他面前畅所欲言的人。4. What kind of people do you want to make friends with? Id like to make friends with those who are kind-hearted. 我喜欢和（心地）善良的人交朋友。 Substitutions: honest诚实的 sincere 真诚的reliable可信赖的 caring关心他人的 thoughtful体贴的 generous 慷慨的compassionate 有同情心的5. How do you make friends? Dont try to win a friend with gifts only. 不要只想靠礼物来赢得朋友。 The only way to have a friend is to be one. 结交朋友的唯一方法是成为对方的朋友。6. What is true friendship? True friendship involves affection and intimacy. 真正的友谊离不开关爱与亲密。 Friendship is based on warmth, trust and shared experience. 友谊是以热情，信任以及共同的经历为基础的。 To be betrayed by a friend is most painful . 被朋友出卖是最（令人）痛苦的事。 True friendship is a plant of slow growth, the value of which can stand the test of time. 真正的友谊如同慢慢生长的植物，其价值能经得起时间的考验。 True friendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it is lost. 真正的友谊犹如人的身体健康，只有失去了才能知道它的宝贵。 7. How valuable is friendship in a persons life? If you tell your joy to your friend, your joy will double. And if you pour your sorrow to your friend, your sorrow will be reduced by half. 与朋友分享你的快乐，快乐就会倍增。 向朋友倾诉你的痛苦，痛苦就会减半。 Life without friends is like life on a desert island. 没有朋友的生活就像生活在荒芜的海岛上。 Sharing your friends sorrow is the way to show your deep friendship for them. 分担朋友的痛苦是表达深厚友谊的方法。8. How can we keep friendship alive? Sharing your joy and sorrow with your friends can nurture friendship.与朋友同甘共苦能增强友谊。 Sharing your joy and sorrow with your friends can keep friendship alive.与朋友同甘共苦能使友谊保持活力。Keeping your friends informed about yourself can improve friendship. 与朋友保持联系能增进友谊。 Keeping your friends informed about yourself can make friendship permanent. 与朋友保持联系能使友谊长存。 Remembering important days in your friends lives can promote friendship. 记住朋友们生活中的一些重要日子能促进友谊。 Remembering important days in your friends lives can keep friendship fresh in our minds. 记住朋友们生活中的一些重要日子能使友谊记忆犹新。 Unit 2 Cultural Differences1. What do cultural differences mean?People from different countries speak different languages, keep different value systems, and have different ways of looking at things. These differences are generally called cultural differences.不同国家的人语言不同，价值观念不同， 看问题的角度也不同。这些不同之处通常被称作为文化差异。People from different cultural back-grounds may have different beliefs, religions, customs and habits. These differences are generally called cultural differences.不同文化背景的人们会有不同的信念、不同的宗教、不同的风俗习惯，这些不同之处通常被称作为文化差异。Cultural differences are subtle and are often unrecognized or overlooked.文化差异很细微/微妙，常常不被人们所察觉或会被忽视。It is upsetting to find people who behave differently from us. We may, at first, assume that something is wrong with them.看到别人言谈举止与我们不同会让我们不安。起初， 我们也许会认为他们出了什么问题。2. How do cultural backgrounds influence peoples way of thinking?A persons cultural background influences what he considers to be good manners or bad manners.一个人的文化背景会影响他对行为举止好与坏的判断。A persons cultural background influences what he considers to be polite or rude.一个人的文化背景会影响他对礼貌与粗鲁的认定。A persons cultural background influences what he considers to be on time or late.一个人的文化背景会影响他对准时与迟到的看法。Different cultures may have different ways of responding to compliments.不同文化对赞扬的反应是不同的。Some cultures consider it polite not to take something the first time it is offered.有些文化认为当别人第一次给你东西时不要接受是比较礼貌的。Eye contact may convey sincerity and attentiveness in some Oriental cultures but too much eye contact may embarrass people in some Western cultures.在东方文化中目光的交流可以表示真诚和专注，而在西方文化中过多的目光交流会使人尴尬.3. What problems may be caused by our failure to recognize cultural differences?Failure to recognize cultural differences lies at the root of many everyday misunderstandings and irritations among people of different countries or races.不了解文化差异会导致不同国家或种族的人之间在日常生活中产生许多误解和烦恼。Those who are uninformed about cultural differences may have difficulty communicating with their business associates from other cultures.不了解文化差异的人在与不同文化背景的生意伙伴交流时会有障碍。 Inability to recognize cultural differences can make mutual understanding difficult.不能识别文化差异会使相互之间难以理解。4. How can we deal with cultural differences?A certain amount of small talk about the weather, family, and personal hobbies is expected before getting down to business with your foreign associates. 在与外国同仁（生意伙伴）谈正事之前可以聊一聊天气，家庭，以及个人爱好等话题。You can avoid unintentionally offending others by learning the basic characteristics of other cultures.了解其它文化的基本特点可以避免无意间得罪他人。Dont not criticize people from other cultures in public.不要在公共场合批评来自不同文化的人。Dont not embarrass people from other cultures in public.不要在公共场合使来自不同文化的人感到尴尬。Understanding can only be reached if we are willing to treat people from other cultures with respect and as equals.尊重来自其它文化的人并与他们平等相待才能够相互理解。It is a good policy to let a foreign friend or a business associate know your expectations with regard to time and punctuality.让你的外国朋友或生意伙伴了解你对时间的概念、守时的态度才是上策。Take time to explain certain common customs of your own culture to your foreign friends or business associates.要耐心地向你的外国朋友或生意伙伴介绍一些自己国家的风俗。Ask your foreign friends or business associates about their everyday customs.向你的外国朋友或生意伙伴了解他们国家的日常习俗。5. What does “culture shock” mean?Dictionarys definition:“Culture shock” means confusion and disorientation caused by contact with a civilization other than ones own. 文化冲突是指在接触到与自身文化不同的文明时所产生的迷惑不解和不知所措。Culture shock is a painful experience we undergo when we encounter entirely different ways of life in another culture.当我们遇到另一种文化背景中截然不同的生活方式时，就会经历到文化冲击，这是件痛苦的事。6. What should we do before visiting other countries to avoid misunder-standing?Whether you plan to stay for a week or for a year in a new place, youll benefit a lot from learning about the place before you go.无论你打算在一个新地方逗留一周还是一年，事先多了解一些这个地方的情况将会受益匪浅。7. How can we cope with culture shock?Dont panic when some customs in a foreign country catch you off guard. You must understand that people living in varied cultures handle many small daily things differently.在异国他乡当一些风俗使你措手不及时不要惊慌。你必须明白生活在不同文化背景之下的人用不同的方法处理日常生活中的许多小事。Unit 3 One World1. In what sense do you think we can regard the world we live in as One World?2. Do you think people in the world are largely similar? Why or why not?Human nature is essentially the same everywhere, because all human beings have the need to eat, to have shelter, and to work. They also need to love others and be loved. At the same time, We, people of the world, are one big family, for together we exist, and together we try to make the world better for all.无论在何处，人的本性基本上都是一样的。因为，所有的人都必须有食物吃、有地方住、有活儿干；也必须爱别人，被人爱。同时，我们全世界各地的人都生活在一个大家庭中，我们一起生存，一起尽力把世界变的更好。3.Do you know any traditions of other people in the world?4. What are the traditions of birthday celebrations in some English-speaking countries such as Britain and the U.S.? How do they differ from the Chinese ones? 虽然不同的国家的人们有着不同的传统,全世界很多人都庆祝的日子之一是生日.在中国,人们会在午餐时为过生日的人准备特别的面条以示庆贺.这些面条特别长,象征着长寿.在其他一些国家的文化中,人们用插着点燃着蜡烛的蛋糕来庆祝生日,蜡烛的数量代表过生日的人就要达到的岁数.大家高兴地庆祝生日并准备许多食物.记住生日能使我们珍惜生命,不虚度光阴. Although people in different countries have different traditions, one of the days observed by many people throughout the world is birthday. In China, special noodles are served for lunch in honor of birthday person. The noodles are extra long to symbolize longevity. In some other cultures, people celebrate birthdays with a cake topped with lighted candles, the number of which represents how old a person is turning.Birthdays are celebrated with a lot of fun and food. Remembering birthdays can help us treasure our lives and not fritter them away.Unit 4 Explaining Processes 1.What is the purpose of an oral presentation?我们经常要为我们的同学和老师作口头陈述.We are often expected to give oral presentations to our classmates andteachers.我们经常要为满满一教室的同学和老师口头陈述.We are often expected to give oral presentations to a roomful of classmates and lecturers.口头陈述的成绩是学习(工作)总评的重要部分. Our performance in oral presentations will form an important part of the overall assessment of our work.2.How can we make our presentations more effectively？很多学生觉得做一次能够取得预期效果的口头陈述是很困难的，并且压力很大。Many students find giving an effective oral presentation difficult and stressful. 做口头陈述时,我们不但要把信息和观点连贯地组织起来,而且要清晰生动地陈述出来.In giving an oral presentation, we should not only organize information and ideas coherently but also deliver the speech in a clear and vivid way.通过使用图表，照片和电脑制作的图形，使我们的表诉清晰，有趣，而且易记。Using charts, photos and computer graphics can help us to make our presentations clear, interesting and memorable.我们经常有必要在一些场合做口头陈述，比如有时候在课堂上讲给老师和同学听。对于某些老师来说，我们在口头陈述中的表现很可能会成为我们总成绩的一部分。尽管口头陈述很重要，可是有很多学生还是觉得做口头陈述非常困难，而且很容易紧张.那么该如何完成一次口头陈述呢？首先我们要将信息连贯地组合起来；其次在做口头陈述的时候要条理清晰，尽量做到生动活泼；此外，使用表格、照片或者电脑也可以让我们的陈述变的生动有趣，容易记忆。 We are often expected to give oral presentations to our classmates and teachers. To some teachers, our performance in oral presentations will form an important part of the overall assessment of our work. Despite the importance of presentation, many students find giving an effective oral presentation difficult and stressful.So how can we give an oral presentation effectively? First of all, we should organize information and ideas coherently; second, the speech should be delivered in a clear and vivid way. In addition, the use of charts, photos and computer graphics can help us to get our message across and at the same time make our presentations clear, interesting and memorable.3. What are the functions of overhead projector?投影仪是一种能把幻灯片上的图象放大并投射到屏幕或是白色的墙面上的仪器。The OHP is a device which projects enlarged images from transparencies onto a screen or a white wall.投影仪是开研讨会,大型会议等时帮助陈述和演示的有用工具. The OHP is a useful tool for presentation and demonstration at seminars, conferences,etc.使用投影仪能让观众清晰地看到图表，图片和照片。Using an overhead projector enables the audience to see the charts, diagrams and photos clearly.使用视觉辅助手段,例如投影仪,幻灯片,电脑图象能使教学更有趣/活跃课堂气氛/提高学生的参与度.The use of visual aids such as overheads, slides, and computer images can add interest to teaching and learning/ enliven the classroom atmosphere/ promote students participation.4. If you dont know how to operate certain machines, what would you do? 如果我们不知道如何操作一台现代化的机器设备,最好的办法是找一个具有专业知识的人,为我们演示如何一步一步操作机器.If we dont know how to operate some modern piece of equipment, the best policy is to get someone who has the expertise to demonstrate to us how to operate it step by step.6. What difficulties would you have in explaining the procedure for operating modern office equipment in English? 我觉得用英语来解释做某件事情的过程很困难。 I have difficulty explaining the process of doing something in English. 我最大的困难是不知道机器的不同部位的英语名字。 My major difficulty is that I dont know the English names of the different parts of a machine.Unit 5 Memory1. What is memory? 记忆力可以定义为获取信息为日后所用的能力。 Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. 记忆力可以定义为人们储存检索信息的过程。 Memory can be defined as the process by which people store and retrieve information.2. How good is your memory? Are you good at remembering dates, telephone numbers, peoples names, facts for exams, books or jokes youve read and films youve seen? 我的记忆力详细准确。 Ive got a photographic memory. 我记性坏。 Ive got a memory like a sieve (筛子). 我对日期、姓名、电话号码等的记忆力差。 Ive got a bad memory for dates, names, telephone numbers, etc. 我突然想不起来了。 It suddenly escaped my mind. 我就是记不起来了。 I just cant place it. 话到嘴边了。 Its on the tip of my tongue. 如果我记得没错的话，我想我们以前见过。 If I remember correctly, I think weve met before. 3. What techniques do you use to help you remember things? 你能否记牢这些事取决于你记忆的方式。 Whether you can remember things well or not depends on the way you try to remember them. 你能否记牢这些事取决于你回忆的频率。 Whether you can remember things well or not depends on how often you recall them. 不要努力去记住所有的事实，而是把精力集中在你认为更为重要的内容上。 Dont try to memorize all the facts, but focus your attention on what you consider more important. 如果你太紧张，那么集中注意力是不可能的。尽量放松些，你就会牢记。 It is impossible to concentrate if you are tense or nervous. Try to relax and youll remember things. 将事实与脑海中的形象联想在一起是记住大量信息的一个非常行之有效的方法。 Associating facts with images is a very efficient way to memorize a large quantity of information. 想象心目中的形象是记住大量信息的一个非常行之有效的方法。 Visualizing images is a very efficient way to memorize a large quantity of information.4. What methods do you use to remind yourself of past events? 你可以做许多事情帮助你回忆过去所发生的事，例如记日记、买名信片、摄影以及制作录像。 There are many things you can do to help you recall past events, such as keeping a diary, buying postcards, taking photos and making video films.5. How can we improve our memory? 好记性有时是与生俱来的。 A good memory is something you were born with. 经常记东西会大大增强记忆力。 A good memory is built up by frequent use. 记忆力犹如肌肉，越练越好，愈是忽视，愈是糟糕。 Memory is like a muscle-the more it is used, the better it gets. The more it is neglected, the worse it gets. 想要激发你的记忆力，得最大限度地运用你的记忆力。 To stimulate your memory, try to use your memory to the utmost. 学习新的技能可以刺激大脑。 Learning new skills could stimulate your brain. 学习新的技能可以增强记忆力。 Learning new skills could sharpen your memory. 有些维生素对保证记忆力正常工作是极为重要的。 Some vitamins are essential for the proper working of memory. 体内缺少水份会立即对记忆力产生深远的影响。 Lack of water in the body has an immediate and deep effect on memory.6. What do long-term memory and short-term memory mean? 每个人都具有短时和长时记忆。 Everyone has a short-term memory and a long-term memory. 短时记忆是暂时性的，因为它会短时间内储存在大脑中。 A short-term memory is temporary, as it is stored for a very short time in the brain. 短时记忆有时被称为临时记忆，是临时信息储存的一个更为普遍的说法。 Short-term memory is sometimes called working memory, which is a more general term for storage of temporary information.Unit 6 Wealth1. What is the general attitude toward wealth in our society? positive neutral negative2. Do you think money can bring happiness? Why or why not? Positive attitude 现代生活离不开金钱。 Modern life is built around money. 金钱无论是何种形式都可以买到物品或服务。 Money, whatever form it takes, is essential for buying goods and services. 有钱人可以毫不费力地满足他们的个人需要。The rich are able to satisfy their personal wishes without difficulty. 对于有钱人来说接受好的教育，旅游，奢侈的生活和安全感都是触手可及的；而穷人付出很大的努力却未必能得到。For the rich, good education, travel, luxury and security are all readily available, while the poor attain these with great difficulty, if at all.在商业化的社会中，金钱观在人们的价值观上位置很高。In a commercialized (商业化的) society, money ranks very high in peoples value system.Neutral attitude金钱本身是中性的。Money in itself is neutral.金钱可能是人快乐的源泉，也可能是人最大的烦恼。Money is mans greatest source of joy as well as his greatest source of anxiety.金钱可以买来舒适的生活，也可以提供某种程度的安全感，但金钱不是万能。Money can buy certain comforts and offer some security, but it is not the answer for everything.金钱可以买到食物，但不能买到胃口；可以买到药品，但不能买到健康。Money brings you food, but not appetite; medicine, but not health.Negative attitude金钱是可怕的主人，但却是很好的仆人。Money is a terrible master but an excellent servant.财富使人们背负很多责任。Money and wealth trap people into various obligations.Unit 7 Anti-smoking1. Why do some young people pick up smoking? 有人抽烟是出于好奇。 Some young people may have picked up smoking out of curiosity. 有人抽烟是因为同辈吸烟人的压力。 Some young people may have picked up smoking because of peer pressure . 有人抽烟是因为他们认为那样很酷。 Some young people may have picked up smoking because they thought it was cool. 烟草中的尼古丁可以在短时间内刺激吸烟者。 The nicotine in tobacco can stimulate a smoker for a brief period of time. 烟草中的尼古丁可以在短时间内兴奋吸烟者。 The nicotine in tobacco can energize a smoker for a brief period of time.2. How harmful is smoking to smokers? 吸烟是肺癌的致命性诱因. Smoking is known as a fatal cause of lung cancer. 吸烟也与其他类型癌症有关. Smoking is also found to be related to other types of cancer. 吸烟不仅浪费金钱而且还对生命造成危险. Smoking is not only a waste of money but is also a danger to ones health. 研究表明吸烟者比不吸烟者更易死于心脏病突发. Studies show that cigarette smokers are much more likely to die from a heart attack than nonsmokers. 如果你一支接一支地吸烟/过量吸烟/每