高考英语 贯穿知识点看“线”（名师知识点总结训） 特殊句式.doc

特殊句式特殊句式比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。1(2013福建，34)not until he went through real hardship _ the love we have for our families is important.ahad he realized bdid he realizeche realized dhe had realized解析考查倒装句型。此题考查not.until句型的倒装句，其句型为：not until从句助动词主语谓语，据此排除c、d项；until的主从句均使用一般过去时态，故答案为b。答案b2(2013湖南，35)not once_to michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.aoccurred it bit did occurcit occurred ddid it occur解析考查倒装。否定词(短语)放于句首，句子要部分倒装，此处即将助动词did放于主语it之前。故答案选d。答案d3(2013江苏，27)“never for a second，”the boy says，“_that my father would come to my rescue.”ai doubted bdo i doubtci have doubted ddid i doubt解析考查倒装句型。否定词或否定短语位于句首，句子要部分倒装，此处never for a second为否定短语，句子描述的为过去的事情，故答案选d。答案d4(2013江西，25)only when he apologizes for his rudeness _ to him again.ai will speak bwill i speakcdo i speak di speak解析考查倒装。only 状语(从句)放于句首，句子要进行部分倒装，即将助动词放于主语之前，故排除a、d项；根据句意可以判断应该是对于将来事情的叙述，故使用将来时态，因此答案选b。答案b5(2013辽宁，26)at no time_the rules of the game.it was unfair to punish them.athey actually broke bdo they actually breakcdid they actually break dthey had actually broken解析考查倒装句型。否定词或否定短语放于句首，句子要不完全倒装，此处at no time(在任何时候都不，决不)引起句子不完全倒装，即将助动词放于主语之前。根据题干时态标志词was可知选c。答案c6(2013新课标，12)only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent_properly in this hospital.acan be the patientsbcan the patients be treatedcthe patients can be treateddtreated can be the patients解析考查倒装句。only状语(从句)提前放于句首，句子应用不完全倒装，即将助动词can放于主语the patients之前，故答案选b。答案b7(2013天津，11)it was not until near the end of the letter_she mentioned her own plan.athat bwhere cwhy dwhen解析考查强调句。此处考查固定句型not.until的强调句，其句型结构为：it was not until.that句子。故答案选a。答案a8(2013新课标，10)it was only after he had read the papers_mr.gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.awhen bthat cwhich dwhat解析考查强调句。题干可还原为：mr.gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete only after he had read the papers，即可判断为强调句，因此填that。答案b9(2013重庆，27)it was with the help of the local guide _ the mountain climber was rescued.awho bthat cwhen dhow解析考查强调句。该句可还原为the mountain climber was rescued with the help of the local guide，故可知为强调句，答案选b。答案b10(2013湖南，30)every day_a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.aread breading cto read dreads解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子，不难判断，该句为祈使句，故用动词原形，答案选a。答案a自查自纠表题号12345678910得分考点正误思考我的盲点：我将_。【典例1】 never before _ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as robert.(2012江西)ahad she bshe had chas she dshe has解析考查倒装结构和时态。句意：她以前从来没见过其他人打网球像robert打得那么好。never before表示否定意义，置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。再结合后面定语从句中的时态可知，主句应用现在完成时。答案c【典例2】 only after mary read her composition the second time _ the spelling mistake.(2012天津)adid she notice bshe noticedcdoes she notice dshe has noticed解析考查倒装和时态。句意：只有玛丽把作文读了第二遍之后，她才注意到拼写错误。当only状语位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。因此可先排除b和d。由句中的“mary read”可知，动作发生在过去，因此选did she notice。答案a【典例3】 for a moment nothing happened.then _ all shouting together.avoices had come bcame voicescvoices would come ddid voices come解析副词then，away，out，in等位于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装，故选b。解题的关键是识别全部倒装句的标志词，即注意放在句首的一些副词。如here，there，then，up，down，out，in，away，off等副词位于句首时，就很可能是考查全部倒装句的。答案b1(2011福建)its nice.never before _ such a special drink!im glad you like it.ai have had bi hadchave i had dhad i解析考查倒装。never是表示否定意义的副词，置于句首时，句子要部分倒装，将助动词提到主语之前，因此排除a、b项；由语意可知说话人以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料，应该用现在完成时。答案c2(2010江西)not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.adid he begin bhad he begunche began dhe had begun解析考查倒装句。句意：直到离开家，他才开始意识到这个家对他来说是何等的重要。not until引导的从句置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装，同时not要置于until之前。由于主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生，故用一般过去时。题干还原为：he didnt begin to know how important the family was for him until he left his home.答案a3little _ about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself.adid rose care brose did carecrose does care ddoes rose care解析little否定副词，位于句首时句子用部分倒装，故选a。解答倒装句的关键是识别特定的信息词及它们在句中的位置。否定倒装就是将一些含有否定意义的词(not，no，few，little，hardly，scarcely，never，not only，no longer，by no means等)置于句首，或将含否定词的短语(特别是介词短语)移到句首。答案a完全倒装与部分倒装(1)完全倒装：当状语here，there，down，up，now，out，off等方位副词或介词短语in the room，on the way等置于句首时，句子全部倒装，但当主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。(2)部分倒装：only修饰副词、介词短语、状语从句，且放在句首时；否定词、半否定词never，nor，neither，hardly，seldom，little等置于句首时；so/nor/neither助动词或情态动词主语，表示也(不)；soadj./adv.助动词或情态动词主语that.not only.，but also.连接句子时，not only后是主谓倒装，but also后是正常语序。【典例4】 it was not until i came here _ i realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.(2012湖南)awho bthat cwhere dbefore解析考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，此句是一个强调句，其结构为“it is/was.that.”，被强调的部分是“not until i came here”，如果将该强调句还原成正常语序应该是：i didnt realize this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather until i came here.答案b【典例5】 if you have a job，_ yourself to it and finally youll succeed.(2010四川)ado devote bdont devotecdevoting dnot devoting解析本句为“祈使句and陈述句”句型；do是对谓语动词devote的强调。答案a4(2011陕西)it is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _ benefits our work most.awho bwhich cthat dwhat解析考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知此句是强调句型“it is.that.”，被强调部分是“not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do”。句意：给我们工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少而是我们将多少爱投入到我们所从事的事业中。由于此题题干长(除空格外有21个单词)、成分复杂(含有表语从句2个、宾语从句1个)，试题难度大，不少考生容易选错。答案c5(2011重庆)have you seen the film under the hawthorn tree?of course，i have.it was in our village _ it was made.athat bwhere cwhen dwhich解析考查强调句型。问话人询问对方是否看过山楂树之恋这部电影，答话人回答说当然看过，这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。本句是强调句，被强调的部分是地点状语“in our village”。答案a6(2010安徽)it was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.awhere bthat cwhen dwhich解析本题考点为强调句型，被强调的部分是：from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village。将强调句的基本框架“it is/was.that/who.”去掉后可得：the hostess cooked such a nice dinner from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village.(女主人用从农村所买的食品做了如此美味的一餐。)原句句意完整无缺，是强调句。答案b1被强调部分是人时，连接词that/who；非人时，用that。2特殊疑问词is/wasitthat/who其他部分。3含not.until.的强调句型为：it is/was not until被强调的部分that/who其他部分。4把句子中的“it is/was.that/who”去掉之后，句子依然成立，就是强调句，否则就不是强调句。5如果需要强调谓语，应用助动词do，does或did。【典例6】 there is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，_？(2012江苏)ais there bisnt there cis he disnt he解析陈述部分中含有表示否定意义的词little，所以简短问句用肯定形式，首先排除b、d两项；陈述部分为there be句型，故简短问句应用is there，故选a项。答案a【典例7】 i told them not everybody could run as fast as you did，_？(2011重庆)acould he bdidnt icdidnt you dcould they解析句意：我告诉他们并非每个人都可以跑得和你一样快，不是吗？在反意疑问句中，若陈述部分是一个主从复合句，附加疑问句一般要与主句一致。本句含有一个宾语从句且主句为“i told them.”，故选b。答案b【典例8】 he must be helping the old man to water the flowers，_？ais he bisnt hecmust be dmustnt he解析must在此表猜测，是“一定”之意，此时反意疑问句部分以must之后的动词为准，所以b项正确。答案b7you and i could hardly work together，_？acould you bcouldnt iccouldnt we dcould we解析主语是“你和我”，因此，反意疑问部分应该用we；句子中含有hardly，为否定意义，反意疑问部分用肯定形式。故选d。答案d8its the first time that he has been to australia，_？aisnt he bhasnt he cisnt it dhasnt it解析在“its the first time that从句”句型中，反意疑问部分的主语与助动词应与主语一致。因此c项正确。答案c9(2012四川)goodbye，john.come back again sometime.sure，_.ai did bi do ci shall di will解析句意：再见，约翰。找个时间再来。好的，我会的。这是对祈使句的肯定回答，用“i will”。答案d反意疑问句的特殊情况(1)含must的反意疑问句。当must意为“必须”时，反意疑问部分用neednt；当mustnt为“不允许，禁止”时，反意疑问部分用must/may；当must表推测时，反意疑问部分的动词形式根据其后面的动词及其句子的时间状语确定。(2)含宾语从句的反意疑问句。反意疑问部分一般与主句保持一致，但是当主句是i think，i believe，i expect，i imagine，i suppose等时，反意疑问部分与宾语从句保持一致。【典例9】 walmart，which is one of the largest american supermarket chains，_ some of its stores open 24 hours on mondays through saturdays.(2012安徽)akeeps bkeep chave kept dhad kept解析句意：沃尔玛是美国最大的连锁超市之一，部分店从星期一到星期六24小时营业。根据句中的“is”可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语为walmart，谓语动词要用第三人称单数，故选a。易错点拨本题易错选b或c，错把supermarket chains当成主语。答案a【典例10】 all the scientific evidence _ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ damaging our health.(2012湖南)ashow；are bshows；are cshow；is dshows；is解析evidence作“证据，证明”讲时是不可数名词，故第一空用shows；increasing use of chemicals in farming是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，故第二空用is。答案d【典例11】 the basketball coach，as well as his team，_ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.(2012陕西)awere bwas cis dare解析句意：因有出色的表现，比赛一结束，这个篮球教练以及队员就被采访了。主语后接由with，except，as well as，no less than，rather than，besides，together with，like，including，in addition to等构成的短语时，谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致；事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。答案b10(2011湖南)onethird of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people.ais；are bis；is care；are dare；is解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语意可知应使用一般现在时；故第一个空谓语动词应用第三人称单数；第二个空the majourity of citizens为复数意义，故谓语动词用复数形式。故选a。答案a11(2011江苏)the fact that so many people still smoke in public places _ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.asuggest bsuggests csuggested dsuggesting解析句意：目前许多人仍然在公共场所吸烟这一事实表明我们需要开展一场全国范围的运动来提高人们对吸烟的危险性的认识。答案b12why does the lake smell terrible?because large quantities of water _.ahave polluted bis being pollutedchas been polluted dhave been polluted解析主语是large quantities of water，其中心词是quantities(复数)，不管其后的名词是否可数，谓语动词都用复数(比较：a large quantity of water单数谓语)，又water与pollute之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。答案d“主谓一致”三原则(1)语法一致原则主语和谓语通常在语法形式上一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。(2)意义一致原则意义一致原则是指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义亦用单数形式。如有些集合名词，如public，goverment，family，class，team，group等。(3)就近原则就近原则是指谓语动词的人称和数常常与其邻近的名词或代词保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的有or，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also，not.but等。【典例12】 _ a strange plant！ive never seen it before.(2011辽宁，33)awhich bwhat chow dwhether解析句意：这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。本题考查感叹句。首先排除a、d项，因为这两项不能引导感叹句。设空处修饰的中心词是名词，故答案为b项。答案b【典例13】 it sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine._，wed better take it to the garage immediately.(2011江苏，33)aotherwise bif notcbut for that dif so解析句意：汽车的发动机听上去好像出了问题。如果这样的话，我们最好马上把它弄到修理厂。if so假如这样的话，符合题意，所以选d。otherwise否则；if not如果不；but for that要不是那样的话，均不符合题意。答案d【典例14】 _ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.ait has bthey havecit remains dthere remains解析句意：关于那个工程的实用价值，人们还是心存某种疑虑。there remains.意为“仍有”，为there be句型的变体。名词doubt往往与there be句型及其变体连用构成固定句型。答案d【典例15】 whats the matter with della?well，her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party，but she still _.ahopes to bhopes sochopes not dhopes for解析句意：della怎么了？哦，她父母不让她去参加聚会，但她仍然希望去参加。答句为省略句，补充完整应为：.，but she still hopes to go to the party。答案a13(2011北京，31)the shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.awhat bhow cthat dwhy解析句意：这一惊人的消息让我意识到我们会面临多么可怕的问题。本题考查感叹句作宾语从句。感叹句中what所修饰的中心词是名词，how所修饰的中心词是形容词或副词。此题中空格处后面部分的中心词是名词problems，所以选a项。答案a14who should be responsible for the accident?the boss，not the workers.they just carried out the order _.aas told bas are toldcas telling das they told解析句意：谁应当对这一起事故负责？是老板，而不是工人。工人们只是执行了被吩咐的命令。workers和tell之间应当是被动关系，排除c、d。而当从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，那么从句主语和be动词可以同时省去。末句可以补全为：they just carried out the order as they were told.答案a15have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?yes._，im going to visit some homes for the old in the city.aif ever bif busycif anything dif possible解析句意：你为即将到来的假期做了特别安排了吗？是的。如果有可能的话，我将去市里的几家养老院看看。if ever如果曾经，if possible如果有可能的话。由句意可知d项正确。答案d省略(1)状语从句的省略一般说来状语从句的省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：由when，while，as，before，after，till，until，once等引导的时间状语从句。由if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。由though，although，even if，whatever等引导的让步状语从句。由as.as.，than等引导的比较状语从句。由as，as if，as though等引导的方式状语从句。(2)不定式的省略在特定的语境中，可单独使用不定式符号to，省略动词不定式符号to后面的内容。(3)一些特殊省略句式possible/necessary与if，when，where，whenever，wherever连用时常采用省略形式。why/why not句式。why/why not常跟动词原形，用来询问为什么或为什么不。1did linda see the traffic accident?no，no sooner _ than it happened.ahad she gone bshe had gonechas she gone dshe has gone解析hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.都表示“一就”，前面的主句通常用过去完成时，后面的从句通常用一般过去时，而且当hardly，scarcely或no sooner放于句首时，前面的主句应采用部分倒装。答案a2it was last night _ i saw the comet.athe time bwhen cthat dwhich解析强调句的结构是：itbe强调部分that(who)主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用“who”，其余用that。答案c3i dont mind her criticizing me，but _ is how she does it that i object to.ait bthat cthis dwhich解析此处强调的是how she does it，再结合强调句型合理的结构可知a项正确。答案a4i didnt go to see the doctor yesterday.but you _.aought bought tocought to be dought to have解析其完整形式为ought to have seen the doctor yesterday.表示“昨天本应该去看医生的”。答案d5every evening after dinner，if not _ from work，i will spend some time walking my dog.abeing tired btiringctired dto be tired解析省略句式。在if引导的条件状语从句中，从句中还原应为if i am not tired from work，根据省略的原则，所以选c。答案c6he jumped at the opportunity when he saw the advertisement in a newspaper，because barely _ make ends meet.ahe could bcould heche couldnt dcouldnt he解析句意：因为入不敷出，当他在报纸上看到这则广告时抓住了机会。否定副词barely位于句首时句子要进行部分倒装，将助动词、情态动词或系动词be等置于主语前，再结合句意可知，选择b项。答案b7either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.aare bis chave dbe解析考查主谓一致的用法。either.or.，连接两个主语，按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。one of your students 谓语应用单数形式。答案b8both of you claim you are right.in fact，either you or he _ wrong.aare bis cwere dwas解析根据就近原则，本句的谓语形式应与he保持一致，故答案为b。答案b9either the greek or the australian _ the boxing competition.ahave won bhas woncare won dis won解析并列主语用either.or，neither.nor，not.but，或not only.but also连接时，谓语动词的单复数由邻近的主语决定，在此句中由the australian决定。the australian指某个人而非the australian people，因此谓语用单数。答案b10playing football and watching tv _ both interesting.awere bwas care dis解析不定式短语或动名词短语作主语时，谓语应用单数，然而此题中and连接了两个动名词短语，因此谓语动词用复数。答案c11a few of the young trees in tangsa can be cut each year for firewood.the rest _ to grow even taller.aleft bwill leftcis left dare left解析all，most，half，the rest作主语时，谓语动词的数由它们代表的名词决定，若代表可数名词，谓语用复数，否则用单数。答案d12ive tried very hard to improve my english.but by no means _ with my progress.athe teacher is not satisfiedbis the teacher not satisfiedcthe teacher is satisfieddis the teacher satisfied解析题干中的but表明其后的句子应表示与“ive tried very hard to improve my english.”相反的意义，即“老师并不对我的进步感到满意”。否定主句的状语by no means放于句首表示强调时，主句应进行部分倒装，而且不应再在句中加入否定词not，据此可以排除a、b、c而选出d。答案d13the singer and d