高考英语阅读理解精英训练精品题（5）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解精英训练精品题（5）及答案passage eighteen (the military is in) things have really changed. not only is the military standing tall again, it is staging a remarkable comeback in the quantity and quality of the recruits it is attracting. recruiters, once denounced by antiwar students as “baby killers” and barred from campuses, are welcomed ever at elite universities. rotc (reserve officers training corps) programs, that faltered during the viet nam era, when protesters were fire bombing their headquarters, are flourishing again. the military academies are enjoying a steady increase in applications. certainly, the depressed economy has increased the allure of the jobs, technical training and generous student loans offered by the military. students know that if they go in and become, say, nuclear weapons specialists, they can come out and demand a salary of $60,000 a year. military salaries, while not always competitive with those paid for comparable jobs in the private sector, are more than respectable, especially considering the wide array of benefits that are available: free medical service, room and board, and px (post exchange) privileges. monthly pay for a recruit is $574; for a sergeant with four years services it is $906; for a major with ten years service it is $2,305. the services slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the tv generation. kids are walking down the school hallways chanting army, navy, air force, marines, just like in the commercials. and many military officials feel that the key difference is the enhanced patriotism among the nations youth. there is a return to the view that the military is an honorable profession. the days of a judge telling a miscreant to join the army or go to jail are over. recruiting for all four services combined is running at 101%of authorized goals. and the retention rate is now so high, that the services are refusing some re-enlistment applications and reducing annual recruiting target.the military academics are also enjoying halcyon years, attracting more and better-qualified students. compared to private colleges, where tuition and expenses have been climbing sharply, the service schools are a real bargain: not only is tuition free, but recruits get allowances of up to $500 a mouth. it is reported 12,300 applicants are for the 1,450 positions in this years freshman class. military academies are now just as selective as any of the best universities in the country.nationwide, rotc enrollment exceeds 105,000,a 64% increase over the 1974 figure. in the mid 70s, the rotc students refused to wear their uniforms on campus because they suffered all sorts of ridicule, if they did. now if they wear them to class no one looks at them twice. to them, viet nam is ancient history, something the old folks talk about.1. what is the main idea of this passage?a. the military is in . the military is upc. the military is down d. the military is on2. what was the attitude of the students in 1970s towards the military?a. approval. . indifferent. c. distaste. d. scolding.3. the phrase “come out” is closest in meaning to a. “become visible”. . “begin to grow”.c. “be made public”. d. “gain a certain position”.4. which one of the following is not mentioned as a reason to attract students.a. free tuition. . spacious room.c. considerate allowance. d. technical training.vocabulary1. stage a comeback 再度走红，卷土重来2. standing tall 站得高3. babykiller 杀婴犯人4. denounce 谴责5. elite 杰出的，名牌的6. rotc=reserve offices training cope (美)后备军官训练队7. falter 动摇不定，踌躇不前8. flourish 繁荣兴旺9. allure 诱惑10. come out 进入社交界，扬名11. the wide array 一大批，一大半12. px=post exchange 陆军消费合作社13. sergeant 中士14. major 少校15. slick 聪明的，非常好的，吸引人的16. hallway 门厅，过道17. chant 单调重复的说话（唱歌）18. miscreant 无赖，恶棍19. retention rate 继续服役率，服役期满不退役的比例20. real bargain 好买卖，十分划算难句译注1. the services slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the tv generation.结构简析 句子的主语是campaign. 这里指大规模的广告（advertising campaign）。promising 修饰 campaign。2. the days of a judge telling a miscreant to join the army or go to jail are over.参考译文 由法官判一名无赖不去当兵就得坐牢的日子过去了。3. and the retention rate is now so high, that the services are refusing some re-enlistment applications and reducing annual recruiting target.结构简析 so that 句型。参考译文 超役留队率现在很高，所以各个军种都要拒绝一些再入伍申请，并降低年度招兵指标。写作方法与文章大意这是论述军队在美国地位提高的文章，主要采用因果写法，中插对比。答案祥解1. a. 军队又吃香了。to be in 有“流行，时髦”之义。全篇文章围绕这一点而写。文章一开头就点名宗旨“事情真的变了，军队形象不仅高大，招收新兵的质量和数量明显得到恢复。”第二段开始：“可以肯定，经济萧条使得军队提供就业，技术训练和对学生慷慨贷款提高了诱惑力。”第二段倒数第七句“许多军官感到关键性的变化是这个国家青年中的爱国心增强，当兵是一个荣誉职业的看法又恢复了。”都表示吃香。b. to be up 有“完了，完毕，上涨”等义。 c. to be down 有“消沉，落魄，下降”等义。 d. to be on 有“上演，开着”等义。这里都讲不通。2. c. 厌恶。答案在第一段第二句“招兵人员曾一度被反战学生谴责为杀婴犯而拒之校园之外，现在甚至名牌大学都欢迎。后备军官训练队计划在越战时期曾动摇不定，抗议的人向部队投掷燃烧弹，如今又兴旺起来。”最后一段第二句“70年代中期，后备军官训练队学生不愿在校内穿制服，因为穿了就遭到各种嘲笑。”这些都说明70年代，学生对军队的态度是“厌恶”。所以a. 赞成， b. 漠不关心， d. 漫骂，都不对。3. 获得地位。to come out 有 to gain certain position 获得（名次，地位）之义，也有appear, to be seen （出现，看得见）之义。这里的上下文，只能是d. 第二段第二句“学生们知道，要是参军，当上譬如核武器专家，他们就能扬名并可要求6万美元年薪。”a. 看得见， b. 开始成长， c. 公开。4. b. 宽敞的房间。a. 免学费。 c. 相当高的津贴。 d. 技术培训，都提到过。第二段开始“可以肯定，经济萧条使得军队提供就业，技术训练以及对学生慷慨贷款等的诱惑力增大。”第三句“军队薪金尽管比不是私人公司中类似工作的工资，但已经很可观了，尤其考虑到军队里有一系列的福利待遇，如免费医疗，膳宿，军人消费合作社特惠等。”第三段“军事院校招收的学生数量多了，质量好，年头也就好过。私立大学里，学费和各类费用一直急剧上升，相比之下，上军事院校确实便宜，不仅学费全面，新生每月还可拿5百美元的补贴。passage nineteen (creative process of works)the great question that this paper will, but feebly, attempt to answer is , what is the creative process?though much theory has accumulated, little is really known about the power that lies at the bottom of poetic creation. it is true that great poets and artists produce beauty by employing all the powers of personality and by fusing emotions, reason, and intuitions. but what is the magical synthesis that joins and arranges these complex parts into poetic unity?john l.lowes, in his justly famous “the road to xanadu,” developed one of the earliest and still generally acceptable answers to this tantalizing question. imaginative creation, he concludes, is a complex process in which the conscious and unconscious minds jointly operate. “there isthe deep well with its chaos of fortuitously blending images; but there is likewise the vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of form, and with the vision, the controlling will. which gives to that potential beauty actuality.”the deep well is the unconscious mind that is peopled with the facts, ideas, feelings of the conscious activity. the imaginative vision, an unconscious activity, shines through the land of chaos, of lights and shadows, silently seeking pattern and form. finally, the conscious mind again, through will, captures and embodies the idea in the final work of art. in this way is unity born out of chaos.though there can be no absolute certainty, there is general agreement that the periods in the development of a creative work parallel, to some extent, lowes theory of well, vision, form, and will. there are at least three stages in the creative process: preparation, inspiration, work. in a sense, the period of preparation is all of the writers life. it is the deep well. it is the deep well. it is especially a period of concentration which gives the unconscious mind an opportunity to communicate with the conscious mind. when remembrance of things past reach the conscious level of the writers mind, he is ready to go on with the process. part of this preparation involves learning a mediumlearning a language, learning how to write, learning literary forms. it is important to mot here that form cannot be imposed upon the idea. evidence, though sparse, shows that the idea gives birth to the form that can best convey it. it is the vision, according to lowes, ” which sees shining in and through the chaws of the potential lines of from ”1. when remembrance of things past reach the conscious level, the post has reached the stage calleda. well. . vision. c. form. d. will.2. which of the following statements is true?a. the form determines the subject matter. the idea determines the form.c. vision makes beauty an actuality.d. a writer is unconscious when he prepares his work.3. the word “fortuitously” in the third paragraph meansa. accidentally. . luckily. c. thoroughly. d. potentially.4. the remembrance of things past is carried on in the a. deep well. . vision.c. chaotic lights and shadows. d. conscious mind.vocabulary1. fuse 融化，结合2. intuition 直觉3. xanadu 是一个非常美的，田园诗般的地方。美国诗人sanul t coleridge还根据这地方写了一首诗，“kubla khan” 忽必烈汗（即元世祖）4. john l. lowes 18761945年美国学者，批评家及教师5. tantalizing 引起好奇心的，可望不可及的，逗人得6. fortuitous 偶然的，幸运的7. parallel 相应于8. sparse 稀少，稀疏9. synthesis 综合，综合法难句译注1. by employing all the powers of personality and by fusing emotions, reason, and intuitions.参考译文 运用个人（品格）的全部力量，把情感，理智和直觉融会贯通结合在一起。2. still generally acceptable answers to this tantalizing question.参考译文 现在仍然是众所接受对这些可望不可及问题的答案。3. there isthe deep well with its chaos of fortuitously blending images; but there is likewise the vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of form, and with the vision, the controlling will. which gives to that potential beauty actuality.结构简析 注意介词短语和定从。with its chaos, 是修饰deep well. which sees shinning 定语从句修饰vision. and 后的with the vision, 却是状语。which gives 又是定从，修饰will.参考译文 有那充满了混乱的偶然交织在一起的形象的深静；但同样也有那洞察力，看到在混乱中熠熠生辉的潜在的形式线索，由于有这样的洞察力便有那控制一切的意志把潜在的美变成真实的（诗歌）篇章。4. lights and shadows 艺术上有 light and shade 明和暗。这里也是指明和暗。写作方法与文章大意 文章论述“创作过程”。开门见山就提出“什么是创作”。主要是引用了罗斯的road to xanadu 一书来说明创作过程。首先是创作的源泉，洞察分辨，最后意志赋予写作。答案祥解1. d. 意志。第三段倒数第二句“最终又是意识的思维，通过意志，在其最终的艺术作品中捕捉和体现了这种思想观念”。第五段第三句：“当作者回溯以往事情达到了有意识的水平时，他就具备（准备）了继续创作进程的条件。这种准备工作中有一部分涉及学习媒介学习一种语言，学习如何写，学习文学形式。”第二段都体现了意志是有意识思维的集中表现。a. 源泉，来源，顾名思义，也是最初的东西。 b. 洞察力，视觉。 c.形式。这三项选择在第二，三段集中说明，见难句译注3及第四题答案。2. b. 思想观念决定形式。这在最后一段倒数第四句：部分准备工作涉及学习媒介学习语言，学习如何写，学习文学形式之后“这里要注意文学形式不能强加于思想观念。有证据，虽然很少，表明思想观念产生适合传递它的文学形式。a. 形式决定主题。 c. 形象使美变得真实。 d. 作者在准备写作时处于无意识状态。难句译注3和第四题答案都说明了这三项选择是不对的。3. a. 偶然的。b. 幸运的，fortuitously一词确实有幸运的之义。但这里上下文含义是a，见难句译注3。c. 彻底的，透彻的。 d. 潜在的，可能的。4. a. 深井（深层的源泉）。见难句译注3和第三句“深层的源泉是无意识思维，内中塞满了各种事实，观点，意识活动的情感。富有想象力的洞察力是一种无意识的活动，在杂乱的土壤中闪烁光辉，忽明忽暗，默默的探索模式和形式。最后，又是有意识的思维，通过意志。”这里说明回溯过去是在深井阶段进行。b. 视觉，是在探索表现形式。 c. 杂乱的光亮和阴影，明面和暗面。 d. 有意识思维阅读理解 （共25小题。第一节每小题2分，第二节每小题1分；满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题后所给的四个选项a、b、c、d中，选出最佳选项。apeople diet to look more attractivefish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a resultthat is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of australian scientiststhe research team has discovered that subordinate（低一等的） fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors“in studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female, had breeding （繁殖） rights within the group,” explains marian wong“all other group members are nonbreeding females, each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitorwe wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation”the reason for the size difference was easy to seeonce a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the groupmore often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten upit appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fishwhether they did so voluntarily, by restraining how much they ate, was not clearthe research team decided to do an experimentthey tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happenedto their surprise, the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered, clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feastthe discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a grouppreviously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves, so keeping their competitors smallwhile the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, drwong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understand how hierarchical （等级的） societies remain stablethe research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humansas yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature, the researchers commentdata on human dieting suggests that, while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females own ideal41when a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it_aleaves the group itself bhas breeding rightsceats its competitor dfaces danger42the underlined words the evicted fish in paragraph 3 refer to_athe fish beaten up bthe fish driven awaycthe fish found out dthe fish fattened up43the experiment showed that the smaller fish_afought over a feast bpreferred some extra foodcchallenged the boss fish dwent on diet willingly44what is the text mainly about?afish dieting and human dieting bdieting and healthchuman dieting dfish dieting【参考答案】41-44 dbdd 阅读理解-bnext time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffeeand when youre doing your holiday shopping online, make sure youre holding a large glass of iced teathe physical sensation（感觉） of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisionsthose are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist john abarghpsychologists have known that one persons perception（感知）of anothers “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationshipsjudging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even beating evidence that a “cold” person may be more capablemuch of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, bargh argues, when babies conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldnessclassic studies by harry harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottleharlows work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skillsfeelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universalalthough no worldwide study has been done, bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countriesto t