高考英语阅读理解巩固练习（46）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解巩固练习（46）及答案阅读理解i was waiting for a phone call from my agent. he had left a message the night before, telling me that my show was to be cancelled. i called him several times, but each time his secretary told me that he was in a meeting and that he would call me later. so i waited and waited, but there was still no call. three hours passing by, i became more and more impatient. i was certain that my agent didnt care about my work, and he didnt care about me. i was overcome with that thought. i started to shout at the phone，“ let me wait, will you? who do you think you are？”at that time i didnt realize my wife was looking on. without showing her surprise, she rushed in, seized the phone, tore off the wires，and shouted at the phone，“yeah! who do you think you are？bad telephone ! bad telephone！”and she swept it into the wastebasket.i stood watching her, speechless. what on earth?she stepped to the doorway and shouted at the rest of the house, “now hear this ! all objects in this room if you do anything to upset my husband, out you go！”then she turned to me, kissed me, and said calmly，“honey，you just have to learn how to take control. ”with that, she left the room.after watching a crazy woman rushing in and out, shouting at everything in sight，i noticed that something in my mood(情绪) had changed. i was laughing. how could i have trouble with that phone？her antics_helped me realize i had been driven crazy by small things. twenty minutes later my agent did call. i was able to listen to him and talk to him calmly.【文章大意概括】“我”对自己的经纪人取消我的表演并且不及时接电话的行为大为恼火，冲电话大吼以泄愤，但接着妻子就此事的一系列异常及夸张的行为让我意识到自己对小事情反应过火，最后我的情绪得到好转，冷静了下来。1、why did the author shout at the telephone?a. he was mad at the telephone.b. he was angry with his agent.c. he was anxious about his wife.d. he was impatient with the secretary.【详解剖析】推理判断题。从文中第一段“经纪人要取消我的表演、不接我的电话”等内容可得知我很生气。【最佳选项】b2、what did the authors wife do after she heard his shouting?a. she said nothing.b. she shouted at him.c. she called the agent.d. she threw the phone away.【详解剖析】事实细节题。从文中第二段最后一句得知她把电话丢进了垃圾桶里。【最佳选项】d3、what made the author laugh?a. his own behavior.b. his wifes suggestion.c. his changeable feelings.d. his wifes sweet kiss.【详解剖析】推理判断题。从文中最后一段中“how could i have trouble with that telephone？.realized i had been driven crazy by small things.”得知“我”为自己刚才的行为感到好笑。【最佳选项】a4、what does the underlined word“ antics” refer to?a. smart words.b. unusual actions.c. surprising looks. d. anxious feelings.【详解剖析】猜测词义题。由文章的最后一段第一句可知妻子行为异常。【最佳选项】b how to be a winnersir steven redgravewinner of 5 olympic gold medals“in 1997 i was found to have developed diabetes(糖尿病)believing my career(职业生涯) was over, i felt extremely low. then one of the specialists said there was no reason why i should stop training and competing. that was itthe encouragement i needed. i could still be a winner if i believed in myself. i am not saying that it isnt difficult sometimes. but i wanted to prove to myself that i wasnt finished yet. nothing is to stand in my way.”karen pickeringswimming world champion“i swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. i manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. this is the key to suceessyou cant follow a career in any field without being wellorganized. list what you believe you can achieve. trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and youll be a step closer to achieving them.”kirsten bestpoet & writer“when things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that i cant achieve something. then，there are other distractions,_such as family or hobbies. the key is to concentrate. when i feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such ascalm，peaceorfocus， either out loud or silently in my mind. it makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. this is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological(心理的) tool.”【文章大意概括】本文叙述了三位名人在成功的道路上所经历的不同的事情，一是战胜了病痛，一定克服了精力分散的困难，一是通过坚持不懈努力，最后都取得了胜利。1what does sir steven redgrave mainly talk about?a. difficulties influenced his career.b. specialists offered him medical advice.c. training helped him defeat his disease.d. he overcame the shadow of illness to win.【详解剖析】推理判断题。第一部分写了sir steven得了糖尿病，但最终克服了病痛拿到了金牌，故d项符合题意。【最佳选项】d2what does karen pickering put on top of her diary?a. her training schedule.b. her daily happenings.c. her achievements.d. her sports career.【详解剖析】事实细节题。第二部分第二句中，it指代前面的句子内容，即她的训练计划。【最佳选项】a3what does the underlined word“distractions” probably refer to?a. ways that help one to focus.b. words that help one to feel less tense.c. activities that turn ones attention away.d. habits that make it hard for one to relax.【详解剖析】猜测词义题。从下文“the key is to concentrate.”可以推出是指分散作家注意力的活动。【最佳选项】c4according to the passage，what do the three people have in common?a. courage.b. devotion.c. hard work. d. selfconfidence.【详解剖析】事实细节题。第一部分中“i could still be a winner if i believed in myself.”，第二部分中“trust yourself.”及第三部分中“it makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence.”都表明自信是他们三个的共同之处。【最佳选项】d (2011湖北卷，d)feeling blue about the world ? “cheer up，” says science writer matt ridley.“the world has never been a better place to live in，and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”ridley calls himself a rational optimistrational，because hes carefully weighed the evidence optimistic，because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. and this is what hes set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book the rational optimist. he views mankind as a grand enterprise that，on the whole，has done little but progress for 100, 000 years.he backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.heres how he explains his views.1)shopping fuels inventionit is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in london alone.even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty，our own generation has access to more nutritious food，more convenient transport，bigger houses，better cars，and of course，more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us .this will continue as long as we use these things to make other things.the more we specialize and exchange，the better off well be.2) brilliant advancesone reason we are richer，healthier，taller，cleverer，longerlived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needsfood，clothing，fuel and shelterhave grown a lot cheaper.take one example.in 1800 a candle providing one hours light cost six hours work.in the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes work to pay for.in 1950 it was eight seconds.today its half second.3) lets not kill ourselves for climate changemitigating(减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself.a child that dies from indoor smoke in a village，where the use of fassilfuel(化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by wellmeaning members of green political movements trying to save the world，is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change.if climaic change proves to be mild，but cutting carbon causes real pain，we may well find that we have stopped a nosebleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带) around our necks.人类的进步是无法阻挡的，是令人乐观。在理性的乐观主义者一书中，作者阐述了自己对于生活中的乐观现象，并且对于购物这样普通的日常行为所带来的积极影响都做了详尽的分析和描述。9what is the theme of ridleys most recent book?aweakness of human nature.bconcern about climate change.cimportance of practical thinking.doptimism about human progress.答案：d。理解判断题。从第二段的前两句话中，反复提到一个关键词“optimistic”以及信息句“because that evidence shows.”；另外，“this is what hes set out to prove.”一句也正好清楚的表明了作者在本书中所以阐述的正是这个话题，正是与选项d的说法是一致的，即：人类的进步总是不可避免的。10how does ridley look at shopping?ait encourages the creation of things.bit results in shortage of goods.cit demands more fossil fuels.dit causes a poverty problem.答案：a。细节判断题。从“shopping fuels invention”一段正是反映了ridley的观点：购物能够激发创造发明。选项a与之相吻合。11the candle and lamp example is used to show that _.aoil lamps give off more light than candlesbshortening working time brings about a happier lifecadvanced technology helps to produce better candlesdincreased production rate leads to lower cost of goods答案：d。细节判断题。根据brilliant advances 一段中的“take one example”一句很明显的确定为：作者拿蜡烛与灯的比较与变化正是为了前面他所提到的看法，故与选项d的说法是一致的。12what does the last sentence of the passage imply?acutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.boverreaction to climate change may be dangerous.cpeoples health is closely related to climate change.dcareless medical treatment may cause great pain.答案：b。推理判断题。根据最后一句话中的“cutting carbon causes real pain”可以排除选项a与c的说法，因为它们大相径庭；而根据“putting. around our necks”一句可以表明选项d中“careless”一词运用不当，是不符合语境的。故只有选项b是最正确的。d(2011全国卷，d)the way we do things round here some years ago，i was hired by an american bank. i received a letter from the head of the personnel department that started，“dear john，i am quite pleased that you have decided to join us.” that “quite” saddened me. i thought he was saying “were kind of pleased you decided to join us although i wish we had hired someone else.”then i discovered that in american english “quite” sometimes means “very”， while in british english it means “fairly”so the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that i dont just mean the words people speak. it is body language，dress，manners, ideas and so on. the way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures (文化)some of these differences may be only on the surfacedress，food and hours of workwhile others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate (气候)，while getting on with business. some of the differences may be an improvement. people are more polite；the service is better；you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. however，other differences can be troubling, like punctuality (准时). if you invite people to a party at 7 oclock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in germany, five minutes early in the american midwest，an hour early in japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the uk, up to an hour afterwards in italy and some time in the evening in greece. i prefer not to use the word “late” because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. it is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country.本文介绍了作者所感受到的文化差异。13. the author was unhappy as mentioned in paragraph 1 because he thought _.a. the american bank didnt think much of himb. the american bank might hire another personc. its difficult to get used to american cultured. its easy to misunderstand americans答案：a。推理判断题。由第一段中“that “quite” saddened me”可以推断出作者认为这家美国银行不重视他。14the underlined word “highlights” in paragraph 2 probably means _.a. encourages b. helps to narrowc. increases d. draws attention to答案：d。词义猜测题。由下文可知人们做事情的方式引起了作者对文化差异的关注。15according to the author，what should we do with most cultural differences?a. ask the native people for help.b. understand and accept them.c. do things in our own way.d. do indepth research.答案：b。细节理解题。由第三段最后一句可知我们要习惯文化差异并接受存在的文化差异。16when invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are_. a. italians b. germans c. greeks d. the british答案：b。细节理解题。由最后一段“if you invite people.on time in germany.”可知b项正确。e(2011北京卷，d)as the railroads and the highways shaped the american west in the past centuries, a new electrical generating (发电) and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the west, for better or worse. much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. the same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.the 19th century saw land grants (政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. in much of the west, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. with the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died.big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the west. this is not an argument against building them. we need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.so tradeoffs will have to be made. some scenic sports will be sacrificed. some species (物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.the lasting effects of these tradeoffs are another matter. the 21st century development of the american west as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. there are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. but it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.the money set aside in negotiated tradeoffs and the institution that control it will shape the west far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. so lets remember the effects o