【聚焦中考】（安徽专用 教师用书）中考英语专题复习 第26讲 动词和动词短语.doc

第26讲动词和动词短语【名题实战】1i forgot to bring my dictionary.could i use yours?yes，you _a_(2014，安徽)acanbmust ccould dshould2mum，what are you cooking？it _d_ so sweet.(2014，安徽)atastes bfeels csounds dsmells3as time _a_，youll come to think of english as your friend and love it.(2014，安徽)agoes by bruns outctakes off dturns up4rose finished her study in the university and went to _d_ a good job.(2014，安徽)atake after blook afterccare for dsearch for5i will meet jane at the station.please _c_ what time she will arrive.(2013，安徽)acount bchoose ccheck dcatch6it is helpful to _c_ a good habit of reading in language learning.(2013，安徽)atake bshow cdevelop dmatch7the people in yaan have met lots of difficulties，but they havent _b_ hope.(2013，安徽)apicked up bgiven upclooked for dwaited for8you _b_ drive your car so fast.its very dangerous.(2013，安徽)awouldnt bshouldntccouldnt dmightnt9to protect the environment，supermarkets dont _c_ free plastic bags for shoppers.(2012，安徽)atake bshow cprovide dcarry10theres enough time for you to go to the airport.you _b_ hurry now.(2012，安徽)ashould bneednt cmust dcant11smoking is bad for your health.youre right.i decide to _d_(2012，安徽)atake it down bfind it outcturn it off dgive it up【考点梳理】从以上考题可以看出，安徽中考近五年来对动词的考查力度一直很大，并一直是考查的重点，特别是行为动词的辨析、连系动词的辨析，几乎每年都会涉及。情态动词和动词短语是每年的必备考点，因此在复习时，考生要重点从行为动词、连系动词、情态动词及短语动词几个方面着手，同时兼顾助动词的用法。大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。1第三人称单数形式的构成一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。规则变化动词原形第三人称单数形式及读音一般在动词词尾加s(s在清辅音后读/s/，s在浊辅音后读/z/)workgrowworks/s/grows/z/以s，x，sh，ch或o结尾的动词加es(es读/iz/，o后的es读/z/)guessmixfinishcatchgoguesses/iz/mixes/iz/finishes/iz/catches/iz/goes/z/以字母e结尾的动词，直接加s(s读/z/或/s/)writelikewrites/z/likes/s/以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加es(ies读/iz/)studycarrystudies/iz/carries/iz/以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加s(s读/z/)playsayplays/z/says/z/不规则变化的有havehas等。2现在分词的构成规则变化动词原形现在分词一般在动词后加inghelpworkhelpingworking以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去e再加ingwritemovewritingmoving以y结尾的动词，直接加ingplaystudyplayingstudying以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加inggetbegingettingbeginning以ie结尾的名词，一般将ie改为y，再加ingliedielyingdying3.过去式和过去分词的构成规则变化规则变化动词原形过去式，过去分词及其读音一般在动词词尾加ed(在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音后读d，在t和d后读/id/)askanswerwantneedaskedasked/t/answeredanswered/d/wantedwanted/id/neededneeded/id/以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加d(读/d/)lovedancelovedloved/d/danceddanced/d/以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加ed(读/d/)trystudytriedtried/d/studiedstudied/d/以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加ed(读/d/)playstayplayedplayed/d/stayedstayed/d/以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ed(在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音后读/d/，在t和d后读/id/)stopplanstoppedstopped/t/plannedplanned/d/不规则变化需单独记忆。高频考向一实义动词词义辨析实义动词：本身有词义，能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。1及物动词及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型中：动词宾语如：i bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)动词宾语宾补动词间接宾语直接宾语2不及物动词不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。如：he always studies hard。他一直努力学习。(study后无宾语，为不及物动词)若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。如：she sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)she sang an english song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)【例1】ive left my keys in the meeting room.please _ them for me.all right.(2013，绍兴)abuy bpaint cwash dfetch解析：由语境可知，说话者把钥匙忘在了会议室里，请听话者帮忙去取一下。fetch意为“去取(某物)”，符合语境。答案：_d_【例2】hows bob now?i hear the company_him a very good job，but he turned it down.(2014，武汉)adonated bserved coffered dintroduced解析：donate“捐赠”；serve“服务”；offer“提供”；introduce“介绍”。由语境可知句意为“我听说这个公司给他提供了一个很好的工作，但是他拒绝了”。答案：_c_【例3】he was wearing a pair of sunglasses and i didnt_him at first.(2014，天津)aadvise bpromise crecognise dhear解析：advise“建议”；promise“承诺”；recognise“认出”；hear“听到”。由语境可知后半句句意为“我开始没认出他。”答案：_c_高频考向二系动词和助动词的用法1系动词。本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系动词有look，seem，appear等；表示人的感觉的系动词有feel，smell，sound，taste等；表变化的系动词有become，get，grow，turn等。2助动词。本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be，have，has，had，do，does，did，will和shall等。【例4】this kind of peach looks really nice，but it_very sour.(2014，宁波)atastes blooks cfeels dsounds解析：由语境可知“这种桃子看起来很好，但是尝起来很酸”。taste“尝起来”；look“看起来”；feel“感觉”；sound“听起来”。答案：_a_【例5】do you like watching tv?no，but my brother_adoes bdo cis dlikes解析：通常我们用助动词替代上文提到的动词，以免重复。my brother为第三人称单数，故“does”符合题意。答案：_a_高频考向三情态动词的用法情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。1can(could)表能力，could为can的过去时。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to能用于各种时态。表可能性。表许可。口语中可代替may。cant表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。2may(might)用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”。口语性较强。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。3must表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用neednt或dont have to，意为“不必”。注：have to意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。must的否定形式为mustnt，意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定得多。4would作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。5should表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。表推测，意为“想必一定；照说应该；估计”等。【例6】are you in a hurry?no，ive got plenty of time.i_wait.(2014，盐城)acan bcant cmust dmustnt解析：can“可能，能够”；cant“不能”；must“一定，必须”；mustnt“不允许，禁止”。由语境可知答语为“我有许多时间，我可以等。”答案：_a_【例7】may i play computer games now，mom?no，you_finish your homework first.(2013，临沂)amust bcan ccould dmay解析：must“必须”；can“能，可以”；could“能，可以”；may“可以，可能”。根据对话情景“妈妈，现在我可以玩电脑游戏吗？”“不能。”可知，本句句意为“你必须先完成你的家庭作业”，故用must，表示命令。答案：_a_【例8】must we clean the room at once?no，you _you can do it after school.(2014，广安)amustnt bneednt ccant解析：对“must we.？”句型的否定回答应为“no，you neednt.”或“no，you dont have to.”答案：_b_【例9】someone is knocking at the door.is it ann?it_be her.she is giving a performance at the theater now.(2013，广东)amay bmust ccant dmustnt解析：由答语第二句“她现在在剧院进行表演”说明敲门的一定不是她。may“可能是”，表示把握性不大的推测；must“一定是”，表示肯定推测；cant“不可能是”，用于有把握的否定推测；mustnt表示“千万别，一定别”。答案：_c_高频考向四动词短语动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与原来动词的意思不同。1动词短语的分类：动词介词arrive in(at)，ask for，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for及物动词副词find out，give up，look up (查找)，put on，pick up，ring up，take off (脱下)，take away，turn on，turn off，think over不及物动词副词get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off(起飞)动词副词介词get on (along) with，catch up with，come up with，go on with，look forward to动词名词介词take part in，make friends with，take care ofbe形容词介词be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about2初中阶段常用短语如下：look短语look for寻找；look after照顾；look over查看；look forward to渴望，向往；look at看着；look up抬头看，查找；look into 调查；look out当心；look like看起来像；look the same看起来一样；look through浏览put短语put off推迟；put on 穿上，上演；put away 把暂时收起来；put out扑灭；put down写下；put back放回；put up 举起，建造，张贴turn短语turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn up把音量开大一点；turn down把音量开小一点；turn to朝向；turn into变成；turn over翻开，翻转；turninto把变成get短语get on/along(well)with与某人相处(融洽)；get up起床；get on上车(船、飞机、马)；get off下车(船、飞机、马)；get back回去；get back to回到；get away离开，逃脱；get down下来；get home到家；get into进入，陷入；get out(of)(从)出去；get to到达；get together聚会take短语take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣服)；take in吸收，上当；take away拿走；take out取出；take on雇佣，呈现；take down取下；take up占据时间、空间，开始从事，拿起agree短语agree with同意某人的(意见、想法、分析、解释)；agree to同意(计划、办法)；agree to do sth.同意做某事go短语go over温习，复习；go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营；go into走进；go out出去，熄灭；go away走开；go back回去，回顾；go up上升，攀登；go by时间流逝，从旁经过；go down下降，下沉；go for为而去；go on继续；go through经历；go to school/work去上学/班；go home回家；go to the doctor去看医生come短语come along一道来；come in进来；come into进入；come out出来，出版；come down下来；come from来自；come back回来；come across偶然遇到；come over过来；come home回家；come into use开始使用；come on快，得啦，跟着来，加油give短语give up放弃；give off放出、发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)；give out精疲力竭、累倒，耗尽、用完；give away泄露，赠送；give in屈服，让步，投降make短语make a decision作出决定；make sb.do sth.让某人做某事；make a mistake犯错误；make progress取得进步；make friends with与交朋友；make up编造，虚构，打扮，构成，组成；make a face做鬼脸be短语be friendly/kind to对友好；be different from与不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受欢迎；be interested in对感兴趣；be strict with对某人严格；be strict in对某事严格；be famous/known as作为出名；be famous/known for因著名；be surprised at对惊讶；be pleased with对满意；be proud of对感到自豪；be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be thankful/grateful to对某人感激；be good for对有好处；be good at擅长于；be made up of由构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with装满；be late for迟到；be covered with覆盖着call短语call at拜访(后接地点)；call on拜访(后接被拜访的对象)，号召；call back回电话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for要求，提倡，邀请【例10】we should think of others if we want to _hem.(2014，重庆)aget on well with bhear ofcget ready for dhear from解析：由语境可知句意为“如果想要与别人相处融洽，我们应当多考虑别人”。get on well with“与某人相处融洽”；hear of“听说”；get ready for“准备”；hear from“收到某人来信”。答案：_a_【例11】oh，dear！your room is untidy.sorry，mom.ill _(2014，云南)aset it up bclean it upcput it up dlook it up解析：set up“建立，设立”；clean up“打扫干净”；put up“张贴”；look up“查找”。由问句“你的房间不干净”可知，答句句意应为“我将去打扫干净”。答案：_b_【例12】ann is going on a tour of xian，and she wants to_ chinese history.(2013，江西)adream of blearn aboutclook through dpass on解析：dream of “梦到，梦想”；learn about“了解”；look through“浏览”；pass on“传递”。由前半句句意“安打算到西安旅行”可知，后半句句意为“她想了解中国的历史”。答案：_b_一、单项选择。1if you _c_ smoke，please go outside.(2014，杭州)acan bmay cmust dmight2our school is planning to _b_ a band to give the students a chance to show their musical talent.(2014，哈尔滨)atake up bset up cpick up dturn up3she went to hangzhou by train last night.she _c_ be at home now.(2014，遵义)amust not bmay not ccant dshouldnt4it _a_ about eight minutes for sunlight (阳光) to travel from the sun to the earth.(2014，临沂)atakes bspends ccosts dpays5i got a message saying my phone number won a prize worth $3，000.(2014，宁波)too good to be true.dont _d_ it.ado bhold cmake dbelieve6the girl is greatly interested in the song.the lyrics of it _a_ her thoughts and feelings.(2014，白银)aexpress bdiscuss cexpect dimagine7i used to _d_ with my wife and watch tv movies at home.(2014，武汉)ashow up bwake up ccome up dstay up8how was the concert last night?it was so good.though it _c_ nearly four hours，few people left early.(2014，荆州)acovered breached clasted dplayed9spring has come.we cant _a_ the plan.the trees must be planted this week.(2014，安顺)aput off bmake upccome up with dlook up10jason，i cant get sue on the phone.im seeing her this afternoon.do you want me to _a_ any message？(2014，湖州)apass on bfind outclook up dwork on11children _d_ sit in the front seat of a car.its too dangerous.(2014，重庆)aneed bneednt cmust dmustnt12_b_ you leave now？you only arrived here an hour ago.(2014，宁波)sorry，but so