【步步高】高考英语总复习 Unit 11 The Media同步导学 北师大版必修4(1).doc

【步步高】2015届高考英语总复习 unit 11 the media同步导学 北师大版必修4.重点单词识记1affair /fe/ n事情，事件2widespread /waidspred/ adj.广泛的3reform /rifm/ n&vt.改革，改良4demand /dimnd/ vt.要求，请求5host /hst/ n&vt.主办(国、机构、城市)；主人；主办6application /plikein/ n申请(书)；应用7publish /pbli/ vt.出版，发行8incident /insidnt/ n事件，事情9arise /raiz/ vi.发生，出现10blame /bleim/ vt.责怪，归咎于11willing /wili/ adj.愿意的，乐意的12attempt /tempt/ vt.&n.尝试，试图13attitude /titjud/ n态度，看法14pretend /pritend/ vt.假装15respect /rispekt/ n&vt.尊敬，尊重16disagreement /disrimnt/ n意见不一；分歧17suitable /sutbl/ adj.合适的18approach /prt/ n方法，方式19contemporary /kntemprri/ adj.当代的20contribution /kntribjun/ n贡献，捐助21conclude /knklud/ vt.做出结论；结束conclusion n结论22innocent /insnt/ adj.天真无邪的，单纯的；无罪的23nation /nein/ n国家；民族national adj.全国(性)的24belief /bilif/ n信仰；信心；信任believe v相信，信任；认为25announce /nans/ vt.宣布，宣告announcement n宣告，宣布；通知26evidence /evidns/ n证明，证据evident adj.明白的，明显的27explanation /eksplnein/ n解释，说明explain v解释，说明28analyse /nlaiz/ vt.分析analysis n分析29employ /impli/ vt.雇用unemployment n失业30favour /feiv/ n赞同；恩惠favourable adj.赞成的；有利的31encouragement /inkridmnt/ n鼓励encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的encouraged adj.受到鼓舞的32advertise /dvtaiz/ vt.为做广告advertisement n广告33consideration /knsidrein/ n必须考虑的事consider vt.考虑；认为34harmful /hmfl/ adj.有害的harm n&v.危害，伤害35faithfully /feifli/ adv.忠实地，真诚地faith n信任，信仰36interrupt /intrpt/ vt.&vi.打断；打扰interruption n打断；打扰.重点短语识记1stand for是意思，代表；支持2be made up of由组成；由构成3in detail详细地4come down to可归纳为，可归结为5in favour of支持，赞同6consist of由组成7stand out突出，显眼8be linked to/with与相关联9participate in参与，参加10as long as只要11comment on发表意见；提出看法12help out帮忙做某事；帮助克服困难13protest about抗议；提出抗议14go ahead with开始做；着手干.经典原句默写与背诵1their belief is that this is the only way for many of these nations to escape their painful pasts.他们的信念是：这是许多这样的国家摆脱痛苦过去的唯一办法。2by doing this，they hope to make people forget that someone is trying to sell them something!他们希望这样做会使人们忘记有人正在向他们推销商品！3however，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.然而，并非所有的广告都是为了赢利而推销商品和服务的。4according to a research published by leeds university yesterday，people dont mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children.据利兹大学昨天发表的一项研究称，电视中的不良语言，只要不用于儿童节目，人们并不介意。5at the last minute，he jumped out of the truck，hurting his ankle.最后时刻，他从卡车上跳了出来，伤着了脚踝1whats more，i am willing (乐意的) to tell you that i am to do some parttime jobs in the summer holiday.2on the other hand，they also suffer from less respect (尊重) and lower pay.3i guess that was the turning point of my attitude (态度) towards it.4smoking is harmful (有害的) to our health.5his encouragement (鼓励) made me become more confident of myself.6he has made great contributions (贡献) to our country.1 demand (of sb.) to do.要求(某人)做demand doing/to be done需要demand that.(should) do.要求satisfy/meet ones demands满足某人的需求on demand一经要求in demand需要make demands of对提出要求first，science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in china.首先，在中国对理科毕业生的需求比文科毕业生大。(2012安徽书面表达)this check is payable on demand.这是见票即付的支票。特别提醒demand作动词时，后可接名词、不定式和从句作宾语，但不可跟sb.to do结构；后接that从句时，从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，即(should)动词原形。夯实基础(1)strike workers demanded to see the manager.罢工工人要求见经理。(2)my demand is that the information referred to in my report be emailed to mr.brown without delay.我的要求是：请立刻把我的报告中提到的信息发给布朗先生。(3)the boss demanded that mary finish the work within a week (一周内完成这项工作)2 gather evidence收集证据evident adj.清楚的；明显的it is evident that.很显然before making his decision，the judge heard the evidence.法官听取证词后才作决定。it has now become evident to us that a mistake has been made.我们已经清楚出了差错。夯实基础同义句改写evidently，practice is important for everybody.(改为含有主语从句的复合句)it is evident that practice is important for everybody. 3 arise vi.起立；发生(happen)；产生；出现(start to exist)；(由)引起；(因)产生(happen as a result of.)how did this quarrel arise?这场争吵是由于何种原因引起的？when i arose from the chair，my father and eleanors father were in deep conversation.当我从椅子上站起来时，我父亲和埃莉诺的父亲谈兴正浓。特别提醒arise作“出现，发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词argument，problem，quarrel，movement等。图解助记夯实基础用arise，rise，raise的适当形式填空(1)he raised his voice so as to be heard by the audience.(2)the river has risen by several meters.(3)the problem may not arise，but theres no harm in keeping our powder dry.4 blame v.把归咎于，责怪，指责(say or think sb. is responsible for)；n.过失；责任(responsibility)；责备，指责blame sb.for.因而指责某人；把归咎于某人blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for sth.)应承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)accept/bear/take the blame for.对负责；为承担责任put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事的责任推到某人身上everybody knows that he is supposed to be to blame for this.人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。the president put the blame completely on his opponent.总统把责任完全推给了他的对手。夯实基础(1)it is obvious that you are to blame for the accident (为事故负责)(2)they blamed the failure on george.actually，he is not to blame (不应该受到责备)5 attempt n.企图，试图；尝试；努力(try；effort)；v.努力；尝试；试图(try；make an effort to)attempt to do/at doing.尝试(试图)做make an attempt to do/at doing.尝试做make an attempt on ones life企图谋杀某人at ones first attempt第一次尝试in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事；希望做某事the only time that we attempted to do something like that was in the city of philadelphia.只有在费城那次我们曾试着做那样的事。it was one of his rare attempts at humor.那是他极不常见的想要表现幽默的一次。夯实基础语法填空(1)i passed my driving test at the first attempt.(2)someone has made an attempt on the presidents life.6 defend vt.防御；保护，保卫(protect)；辩解；辩白；(为)辩护(to say or write in support of)defend sb./sth.from/against sb./sth.保护某人(物)免受伤害；保卫某人(物)defend oneself against sth.为自己辩护defence n.防卫，保卫；辩护in defense of保卫；为辩护every man who could fight was now committed to defend the ridge.每个能够参加战斗的男子现在都决心要保卫这条山脊。police chiefs strongly defended police conduct against a wave of criticism.针对批评的浪潮，警察局长们极力为警方的行为进行辩护。夯实基础(1)同义句改写he has hired a lawyer to defend him against his action.(用defense改写句子)he has hired a lawyer in his defense against his action.(2)american people are wondering whether the newlyelected president and his administration will keep the nation safe and defend it against (保护它不受的伤害) any terrorist attack in the future.7 in the process of在过程中in the process在进行中speed up the process加速进程the house is still in the process of being built.房子还在建设中。will you describe the process of building a boat?你能描绘一下造船的步骤吗？特别提醒process表示做某事的方法或程序，其后可接of/for doing sth.，但一般不接不定式。 夯实基础语法填空the development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.8 pretend to do/to be doing/to have done假装要/正在/已经做某事pretend to beadj./n.假装是i pretend that things are really okay when theyre not.当情况不好的时候我假装一切顺利。he pretended to be friendly to us.他假装对我们友好。夯实基础(1)用所给词的适当形式填空 dont pretend to understand(understand) when you dont.when his mother came in，he pretended to be studying(study)he pretended to have known(know) the answer to the problem already.(2)children are running around pretending to be (装成是) aeroplanes.9 have/show respect forpay respect to尊敬；尊重give/send respect to sb.向某人问候in some respects在某些方面in respect ofwith respect to关于，就来说respectable adj.值得尊敬的respectful adj.表示敬意的consequently，those who do those most insignificant jobs should get respect as much as those being engineers or teachers.所以，那些从事最微不足道工作的人应该得到同工程师和教师一样的尊重。(2013广东读写任务)his work is good in respect of quality but bad in respect of quantity.他的工作质量好但数量不够。夯实基础用respect的短语填空(1)we often show respect for our leader，who is always showing a great deal of concern for us.(2)i am writing in respect of the complaint you made last week.(3)in some respects i dont agree with you completely. approach v.靠近，接近(draw near)；走近；接洽；n.方法(means)；接近；通道；路径(path，road)；接洽；建议an approach to.(做某事的)方法/途径；接近，靠近at the approach of在快到的时候be approaching 快到了(just) around/round the corner(时间上)临近地，马上，快要；(距离上)紧邻地，很近地when i approached，they grew silent.当我走近时，他们就不说话了。i like her approach to the problem.我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。夯实基础(1)同义句改写with the time for graduation approaching，we are busy with our papers.(用corner短语改写句子)with the time for graduation just around the corner，we are busy with our papers.(2)翻译句子通往宫殿的所有道路都有军队守卫。all the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops.stand for，in favour of，consist of，stand out，come down to，go ahead with，comment on，in detail 1similarly，you are representing your blog every time you comment on another blog.2un stands for united nations.3i will discuss it in detail later in this article.4some are in favour of it；some are against it.5but，just what does a properly balanced diet consist of?6while she was away，he went ahead with the work and got a lot done.7you should pay great attention to the centre who stands out in the french team.8what it comes down to is whether we stay here or leave.1 stand by站在旁边；袖手旁观；支持stand out突出stand doing/to do容忍做as it stands照此情况，照这个样子from where i stand以我的观点(立场)in china，these knots stand for friendship，love and good luck.在中国，这些结代表着友谊、爱情和好运。(2013新课标全国书面表达)please remember ill stand by you whatever happens. 请记住，无论如何，我都会支持你。 夯实基础用stand短语的适当形式填空(1)how can you stand by and see him accused of something he didnt do?(2)the new road sign is easy to read；the words stand out well.(3)i disagreed fundamentally with what the party stood for.2 ask a favor of sb.求人帮一个忙do a favor for sb.do sb.a favor帮某人一个忙in ones favor对某人有利out of favor失宠的；不流行的the exchange rate is in our favor for the time being.汇率暂时对我们有利。夯实基础(1)fortunately，the situation is in our favor(形势对我们有利) at the moment，so we are (sitting) on top of the world.(2)was he in favor of or against the plan(支持还是反对这个计划)?(3)you are really very kind.ill never forget the favour you have done for me (你为我做的)3 consist in(lie in)在于；存在于be consistent with与一致的；符合的his breakfast consists of dry bread and a cup of tea.他的早餐由不涂黄油的面包和一杯茶组成。good service consists in punctuality and dependability.良好的服务在于守时与可靠。特别提醒consist of不使用被动语态和进行时。夯实基础同义句改写this club consists of eight members.(1)this club is made up of eight members.(用make up of改写句子)(2)this club is composed of eight members.(用compose of改写句子)4 ahead of在前面；领先(further advanced than)；早于(earlier than),ahead of time提前ahead of ones time超越某人那个时代go ahead前进；着手；进行；去做吧；开始吧get ahead成功；出人头地you are already ahead of schedule.你已经比进度表提前很多了。if so，you are ahead of the game.如果是的话，你已经领先这个游戏。夯实基础翻译句子(1)我们前面有一条河。(用倒装句)ahead of us lies a river.(2)他在班上总是遥遥领先。he is always well ahead of the rest of the class.用所给词的适当形式填空1the church tower which is being restored (restore) will be open to tourists soon.the work is almost finished.2in the spoken english of some areas in the us，the “r” sound at the end of the words is dropped (drop)3every year a flood of farmers arrive in shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they have been promised (promise) before leaving their hometowns.4its no use crying (cry) over spilt milk.5reading (read) english every day is a good way to improve english.1 however，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.然而，并非所有的广告都是为了赢利而推销商品和服务的。not all.all.not表示部分否定，也称半否定。具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everything，all，both等)、形容词(complete，whole等)和副词(completely，always，wholly，altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”的意思。而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成了全部否定。all my friends do not study well.not all my friends study well.我的朋友并不是个个都学习好。everything is not right.并非什么都好。夯实基础把下列半否定的句子改为全否定(1)not everything she did pleased him.nothing she did pleased him.(2)both of them are not my brothers.neither of them is my brother.(3)i do not remember all the formulas.i remember none of the formulas.(4)she is not always excited.she is never excited.2 according to a research published by leeds university yesterday，people dont mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children.据利兹大学昨天发表的一项研究称，电视中的不良语言，只要不用于儿童节目，人们并不介意。as long as (so long as)只要，引导条件状语从句。as long as还可译为“长达，和一样长久”。as far as远至；就来说as well as和一样好；不但而且也as soon as一就in our life we may meet many failures，as long as we try our best，theres no need to feel regret for these failures.生活中我们可能遇到许多失败，但只要我们尽了力，就没有必要为失败而后悔。(2013湖南书面表达)夯实基础(1)you can make it so long as you work hard (只要你努力工作)(2)ill inform you of the latest news as soon as he comes (他一来)3 at the last minute，he jumped out of the truck，hurting his ankle.最后时刻，他从卡车上跳了出来，伤着了脚踝现在分词(短语)作结果状语常表示“意料、情理之中”，这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子，逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。the child fell，striking his head against the door.小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。he hurried to the bus stop，only to find the bus had left.他匆匆地去了车站，结果发现车已离开。夯实基础(1)he got up late and hurried to his office，leaving the breakfast untouched (早餐动都没动)(2)同义句改写a number of new machines were introduced from abroad，resulting in an increase in production.(改为which引导的非限制性定语从句)a number of new machines were introduced from abroad，which resulted in an increase in production.教材活用根据课文内容完成下面的短文world newsscotlandthe political leaders from eight of the worlds 1.wealthiest (wealthy) nations will meet in scotland this summer.2.they will discuss the topic of africa in detail.there are many problems 3.for african people to solve，such as poverty，sex education and health care.people from all over the world have demanded 4.that the leaders 5.(should) cancel (cancel) the debt of africas 6.poorest (poor) countries to help them escape the painful pasts.londonat 1245 uk time today，london was being announced by the ioc in singapore to be the host city for 7.the 2012 olympic games.london now has the distinction of being the first city 8.to host (host) the event three times.the good news makes the people in london so delighted 9.that they celebrate 10.it everywhere.课外拓展阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式aa：any good news?b：not really.i was talking without being 1.asked(ask) in class.so i was left behind after school yesterday.a：better keep quiet 2.in class.b：sometimes i do.the day before yesterday，i was quiet in my history class but i still 3.had(have) to stay after school.a：i dont understand.b：because i fell asleep.but it wasnt my 4.fault.the lesson was dull.a：i advise you to take school more 5.seriously(serious)if you dont pass your exam，you will have to drop out and work 6.as a result.b：i dont think 7.it makes much difference.8.if i have a job，i have to do dull work every day.but now i am in school，i 9.must listen to dull teachers every day.a：something must be wrong with you.go to 10.the psychologist first.bregrets are painful emotionsbut surprisingly，there may be an upside to them.painful 1.as/though they are，regrets can actually inspire us to future success，according to a latest study 2.by two us universities.researchers identified two different types of regrets.one was action regrets，based on something that3.had happened (happen)the other was inaction regrets，which concerned something a person didnt do 4.but wished he or she had.according to the uks daily mail，they surveyed 370 adults，evenly split between men and women，5.who were asked to discuss one strong regret in detail，whether it was 6.an action or inaction regret and how long the pain lasted for afterwards.the most common regrets were 7.about love，education and work.and results showed that action regrets in the beginning were very painful，but didnt last as long as inaction regrets.also，women，who tended to value 8.social (society) relationships more than men，had more regrets of love 9.compared(compare) to men.on the contrary，men were more likely to have workrelated regrets.researchers also claimed that regretsparticularly inaction 10.onescan spur us on to future success，as they drive us to take chances and make sure we dont suffer the same feeling of missing out again.(一).阅读理解a“i cant find my sunglasses in broad daylight，but i can find the snooze button(止闹按钮) on my alarm，even if it is a meter away with both eyes closed，heavy with sleep.” this is the closing line of an article i read on sleep recently.the moment i read it，it reminded me almost everybody longs for those extra few moments of sleep everyday.however，the “i am very sleepy” phase reaches its peak during ones teenage.teens are often badly blamed for staying up late and falling asleep in class.the one thing that i will never forget about my school days is the lack of sleep.because of assignments，we hardly used to get 56 hours every day so once or twice a month we used to take a day off just to sleep.though i never fell asleep during class i used to feel tired all the time.once a classmate fell asleep as she was sitting and drafting patterns.another classmate once fell asleep while she stopped her car at a signal and woke up only when everybody was honking around her.it is a fact that teens and young adults require around 9.5 hours of sleep per night.during the teen years，the bodys internal biological clock is temporarily reset，telling a person to fall asleep later and wake up later.though this seems like a valid(正当的) excuse，it is not at all useable.for teen years are usually our busiest years coinciding with board exams，cultural and sport activities，and college admissions.even when we feel irritated，we have to get up and be out there.recently，some researchers have suggested midd