期末词汇复习.docx

34 / 34Words to LearnUnit 1 In-depth Reading- Steve Jobs: The Man Who Changed the WorldVocabulary Preparation 1. dropoutn. 辍学者，退学者 a college dropout大学辍学生* 尽管他中途离开大学，但在商界发了财。Though he was a college dropout, hes made a fortune in business. 2. technology n. 科技* 我们在使用新技术方面远远落后于我们的欧洲对手。We are lagging far behind our European competitors in using new technologies. * He concentrated his attention on solving the difficulties in technology. Chinese meaning: 他将注意力全部放在解决技术难题上。technological adj.科技的 technique n.技术, 技巧 technician n. 技术员3. fashionable adj. 流行的， 时髦的* She likes to wear fashionable clothes.Chinese meaning: 她喜欢穿流行的衣服。*瑜珈是近年来流行的。Yoga becomes fashionable in recent years.fashion n. 潮流；时尚4. achievement n. 成就，成绩* 成功与否不应只用学业成绩来衡量。Success should not be measured solely by educational/academic achievement. * This is a wonderful achievement without precedent in Chinese history.Chinese meaning: 这是中国历史上亘古未有的奇迹。 achieve vt. 取得； 获得； 实现； 成功5. compare v. 比较，对照 compare with/to作比较 compare sth. to sth. 将.比作.* 你的新房子和你的旧房子比起来怎样？How does your new house compare with/to your old one? * 你无法对它们进行比较它们基本上是不同性质的东西。You cant compare themthere is a fundamental difference in kind. *Teachers are often compared to burning candles.Chinese meaning:人们总是把老师比喻为燃烧的蜡烛。comparative adj.比较的；相当的 comparable adj.可比较的；比得上的 comparison n.比较，对照6. affordableadj. 付得起的* The rent for the four-roomed house is affordable. Chinese meaning: 付得起这套四室一厅的房租。* 在大城市中没有几所公寓是便宜的。There are few affordable apartments in big cities. affordability n. 购买能力7. conveniencen. 便利，舒适 at sbs convenience在某人方便时 convenience food/store 方便食品/便利店* 在你方便的时候来接我。Come by to pick me up at your convenience. * 邮购对于那些没有时间逛商店的购物者来说是一项非常方便的服务。Mail order is a convenience for buyers who are too busy to shop. *We should avoid eating too much convenience food.Chinese meaning:我们要避免吃太多的方便食品。convenient adj.方便的 inconvenient adj. 不方便的 inconvenience n. 不便，麻烦8. endurevt. 忍耐；容忍* He had to endure the tease of his successful rival. Chinese meaning: 对手赢了，他不得不忍受对方的揶揄。*没有水，我们在沙漠中坚持不了多久了。We cant endure much longer in the desert without water. endurance n. 忍耐，忍耐力9. failuren. 失败，失败的事* This policy has turned out to be a failure. Chinese meaning: 这一政策以失败告终。* 他们的婚姻很失败，两人都想摆脱它。Their marriage was a failure and they both wanted to get rid of it.n. 不及格* 总而言之,他考试不及格我并不吃惊。In a word, his failure in the final exam did not surprise me. n. 失败者* 报章都把他说成是失败者。The newspapers described him as a failure.fail v. 失败10. sensitiveadj. 敏感的 be sensitive to/about sth. 对某事敏感* Its difficult to avoid stepping on her sensitive nerves. Chinese meaning: 很难不伤害她脆弱的神经。* 婴儿对母亲声音的最细小变化都很敏感。A baby is sensitive to the slightest changes in its mothers voice. adj. 体贴的，善解人意的 be sensitive to sth. * She is very sensitive to other peoples feelings. Chinese meaning: 她很能体谅他人的感情。C.f. sensitive adj. 描述某人的情绪或感情会受其经历强烈影响sensible adj. (行为或决定)明智的，理智的，合理的*别去管他们才是明智的。The sensible thing is to leave them alone.*放松点，别这么敏感。Take it easy. Dont be so sensitive.sensitively adv. 敏感地； sensitivity n. 敏感；体贴；悟性；过敏 11. dismissvt. 拒绝接受* Emil tried to dismiss from his mind the horrible thoughts. Chinese meaning: 艾米尔竭力从心头排除掉这些可怕的想法.*大多数医生认为此说法完全是胡说八道。Most doctors dismiss this opinion as complete nonsense.vt. 解雇，开除； dismiss sb. from sth. * 我不得不解雇他, 因为他浪费了太多的时间。 I had to dismiss him, for he lost so much time. * Mary claimed that she was unfairly dismissed from her post as the manager. Chinese meaning: 玛丽声称解雇她的经理职位不公平。vt.解散，下课*教授的讲座结束并离开教室后，助教宣布下课。The teaching assistant dismissed the class after the professor finished his lecture and left the classroom.vt.（法律）驳回*法官当即驳回了他的证据和诉讼.The judge dismissed his evidence and the lawsuit.dismissal n.解雇，开除；摈弃12. describevt. 描写，形容 describe sth. as sth. 把称为. describe sb./sth. to sb. * It is very difficult to describe to you my joy in words. Chinese meaning: 我无法用语言向你描述我的快乐。* 据警方描述，这个男人高个子，深色皮肤，年龄在20岁左右。The police described the man as tall and dark, and aged about 20.* I should describe the attempt as a failure. Chinese meaning: 我认为这次尝试失败了。description n. 描述； 形容 descriptive adj. 描写（性）的，叙述的13. intensityn.（思想感情的）强烈程度 intensity of feeling/concentration/relief 感情的强烈/精神高度集中/大为宽慰*这首诗表达了强烈的感情。The poem shows great intensity of feeling.* He is overwhelmed by the intensity of her love.Chinese meaning: 她强烈地爱他，使他不知所措。n. （光、声音、色彩的）强度* 这家公司计划购买一些用来测量光线强度的仪器。The company plans to buy instruments which measure the intensity of light/light intensity. intensive adj. 密集的；细致的 intense adj. 激烈的，强烈的 14. passionn.激情，热情；passion for sb./sth 对某人或某事的强烈情感 * The poet expressed his burningpassionfor the woman he loved.Chinese meaning: 这位诗人表达了他对自己热恋的女人的强烈情感。* 他有一股强烈的求知欲。He has a strong passion for knowledge.passionate adj. 热情的，激情的15. shapev.使成形；塑造 shape sth. into sth. 将塑造成，把做成的样子* 这孩子将会被塑造成一名优秀的篮球运动员. The little boywillbe shapedintoanexcellentbasketballplayer.* 我弟开始用铁丝做成一辆自行车。My brotherbeganto shape the iron lineinto a bicycle.n.形状；形式；状态 in the shape of 呈现的形状 take shape 成形* 游泳池呈心形。 The swimming pool was in the shape of a heart. * 经过几个月的商讨，和平协议逐渐有了眉目。After months of discussion, the peace agreement is gradually taking shape. * 就他那个年纪的人来说，汤普森先生身体不错。Mr. Thompson is in good shape for a man of his age. 16. instinctn.直觉，本能，天性 have an instinct for (doing) sth./to do sth. * 每个人都有强烈的求生本能 by instinct 通过本能，天生地Everyonehasastrong instinct for survival/to survive.* 儿童并非天生就会分辨善恶。 Children do not know by instinct the difference between right and wrong. * Myfirstinstinctwastocallapressconference.Chinese meaning: 我的直觉就是要召开一次新闻记者招待会.instinctive adj. 本能的，直觉的，天生的 17. destinyn.命运* 你能主宰你的命运吗？Can you be master of your destiny?* Shes a sentimental woman who believes marriage comes by destiny. Chinese meaning: 她是多愁善感的人，相信姻缘命中注定。18. lossn.损失，丢失 * 政府收入每月大概损失2.5亿美元。Thegovernments lossof income is about $250 million a month. * 我告诉警察我丢了一个包。 I told the police about my loss of a bag. * The joblosses will reduce the total workforce to 7,000. Chinese meaning: 职位减少后，在职工人总数将减至7,000人。n.亡故，逝世* 他们慢慢谈到了托马斯的死和悲痛给他们带来的影响。They took the time to talk about thelossof Thomas and how their grief was affecting them. at a loss亏本地，赔钱地；不知所措* 对于如何应对暴力问题，政府现在一筹莫展。The government is now at alossabout how to tackle the violence. * New fashion designs have to be sold off at alossif sales are poor. Chinese meaning: 新款时装遇上销路不畅就要蚀本卖出。lose v. 丢失，失去19. createvt.创造；创作；创建*我们放开对企业的限制以便在英国创造更多的就业机会。We set business free tocreatemore job opportunities in Britain.*哈利波特是由英国小说家JK罗琳创作的。 Harry Porter was created by British novelist JK Rowling. * Create a new file folder and put all your docs in it. Chinese meaning: 创建一个新文件夹，把你所有的文件都放进去。creation n.制造，创造 creative adj. 有创意的20. feature adj. 规模大的、投资大的 feature film故事片* 故事片比动作片更能吸引我。Feature films attract me more than action ones. n.特征，特点* 宽敞的花园是这处房产的特色之一。 The spacious gardens are a special feature of this property. vt.以为特色 * This restaurant seems tofeaturevegetarian dishes.Chinese meaning: 这家餐厅似乎以素食为其特色。21. developv.发展，开发 develop from sth. into sth. 从发展为* 这地方由原来的小渔村迅速发展成了现代化的大都市。The place has rapidly developed from a small fishing village into a big modern city. * 在过去几年里，西部地区的自然资源得到了合理的开发。Over the last few years, the natural resources in the western area have been reasonably developed. .v. （疾病）侵袭* Her son caught a cold last month and its now developed into pneumonia. Chinese meaning: 她儿子上个月感冒了，现在已经发展成了肺炎。v. 冲洗(照片)* 你能代我们冲洗胶卷吗?Canyoudevelopthisfilmforus?development n. n.发展，进化 developing adj. 发展中的 developed adj. 发达的22. settlev. 将就 settle for sth.将就，勉强接受某事* They want $2500 for their car and wont settle for less.Chinese meaning: 他们希望车能卖到2500美元，少了可不行. v.定居 settle in (a place) 在某处定居 settle down 过安定的生活* 这些孤儿很快在新家安定下来，开始了他们幸福的生活。These orphans have soon settled down in their new homes and began their happy life.v. 解决（争端、分歧等） settle a dispute/an argument/a matter 解决事情/平息争端* Tom decided to settle the matter out of court. Chinese meaning: 汤姆决定庭外和解。settlement n. 定居处；解决；协议23. issuen.(出版物的)期、期号号 the latest/current issue 最新一期/当期* 最近一期的纽约时报发表了一篇有关总统大选的文章。An article on presidential election was published on the latest issue of New York Times.n.（重要）问题 a key/sensitive/big issue 关键/敏感/大问题* A keyissuefor higher education in the 21st century is the development of teachers. Chinese meaning: 21世纪高等教育的一个关键问题是师资发展。* 这点还没有被西方作为一个重要问题提出来。This has not been raised as a big issue by the West.v.颁布，正式颁发；发表，发行 issue sth. to sb. /issue sb. with sth. 发给某人某物* 新雇员将配发临时身份证。 New employees will be issued with a temporary identity/ID card. * When was the 2nd edition of the book issued? Chinese meaning: 这本书的第二版什么时候发行的？24. definev.定义；解释 define sth. as sth. 将定义为*他绝不会把自己定义为一个工作狂。He would neverdefinehimself as a workaholic.* Some English words are hard to define without a specific context. Chinese meaning: 有些英语单词在缺乏具体语境的情况下难以解释。definition n. 定义 definite adj. 确定的，确切的Unit 2 In-depth Reading- Learning By Doing GoodVocabulary Preparation 1. charityn. 慈善机构 * 这场音乐会将为当地慈善机构募捐。 The concert will raise money for local charities. * Many charities sent money to help the victims of the hurricane. Chinese meaning: 许多慈善机构捐款赈济受飓风袭击的灾民。 n. 善心，仁慈，慷慨* 善心使她把食物送给老妇人。Charity made her give food to the old woman.n. 施舍，布施* 母亲自尊心很强，不会接受施舍。My mum was very proud. She wouldnt accept charity.charitable a.仁慈的；宽容的；布施的2. suspiciousadj. 不信任的，持怀疑态度的 be suspicious of(about) 对不信任* 她对我们总是疑神疑鬼的。 She was always suspicious of us.* They became suspicious of the young mans behavior and contacted the police. Chinese meaning: 他们觉得这小伙子的行为可疑，于是报了警。 suspicion n.怀疑 3. optionn. 选择，可选物 * 为了照顾孩子，她别无选择，只好辞职。 She had nooptionbut to quit her job in order to take care of her child. * It is at youroptionto stay or leave. Chinese meaning: 去留随你的便。 * 学生在大学三年级时可以选择出国留学。Students have the option of studying abroad in their third year in college. optional adj.可选择的；选修的4. sheltern. 避难所，庇护所 shelter from rain/wind/weather/danger/attack * 我在哪里可以找到避雨的地方？ WherecanIfindshelter from the rain? * Helping outatan animalshelterisfun,butit requires patience, too. Chinese meaning: 在动物庇护所工作挺有意思，却也需要耐心。 n. 避护，保护，掩护* 这个教堂在冬天的夜晚给人们提供庇护。Thechurchgavesheltertopeopleonwinternights.n. 住宿，留宿* 有些人说食物、衣服和住所是生活的必需品。Somepeoplesay thatfood,clothingandshelterarelifeessentials/necessary for life.v. 避护，保护，掩护，遮蔽，留宿 shelter sb./sth. from sb./sth.* 墙壁遮挡着,使我们免遭风吹。The wallshelteredus from the wind.* Theyshelteredfrom the sun under a tree. Chinese meaning: 他们在树底下乘凉。5. representv. 代表 * 他的意见代表大多数人的意见。 His opinion represents that of the majority. * Werepresent47nationsfromacross the world, andIthankeachofyou forbeinghere. Chinese meaning: 我们代表了来自世界各地的47个国家，我感谢你们每一个人的光临。 v. 象征，表示* 鸽子象征和平。The doverepresentspeace.v. 描述，描绘 * This picturerepresentsa battle scene during King Arthurs period.Chinese meaning: 这幅画描绘了亚瑟王（统治）时期的一幅战争场景。representation n.代表 representative adj. 典型的，有代表性的 n. 代表（人）6.inspirev.鼓舞，激发 inspire sb. to (do) sth. * 他的演讲鼓舞了我们再作尝试。His speechinspiredus to try again.* His excellent performance inspired the team to three straight wins.Chinese meaning: 他出色的表现激励全队取得了三连胜。v.赋予.灵感，给.以启示* The beautiful sceneryinspiredthe composer. Chinese meaning: 美丽的景色使作曲家才思泉涌。v.促成，导致* 他对母亲的怀念促成他谱出了最出色的音乐。 His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的事或人 inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的，启发的7. preserven.保护区 nature/wildlife preserve 自然/野生动物保护区* 野生动物保护区内禁止打猎。 No hunting is allowed in thewildlife preserve.*Thefamilyhasa170-acrebotanical gardenandnature preserveon the island.Chinese meaning:这个家族拥有岛上170英亩的植物园和自然保护区。v. 保护，维护* 我们已采取有效措施保护自然资源。We have taken effective measures topreserveour natural resources.* 每当遇到危险，他总是保持镇定。In times of danger he always preserves his calmness.v.储藏，保鲜* The ancient Egyptians knew ways to preserve dead bodies from decay.Chinese meaning:古埃及人懂得如何保存尸体，使之不会腐烂。preservation n. 保护；保存；维持8. partlyadv. 在一定程度上，部分地* 司机对这起事故只负有部分责任。 The driver was only partly responsible for the accident. * Thereason whyoneisfatispartlycaused byovereating.Chinese meaning: 造成肥胖的部分原因是吃得太多。9. titlen. 名字，称呼 * 这出戏名叫“奥赛罗”。 The title of this play is “Othello”.* Whats thetitleof her new book?Chinese meaning: 她的新书书名是什么？ n.头衔，职称，职位 technical/professional title 技术/专业职称* 该职位的正式名称为“行政助理”。 The official title of the job is “Administrative Assistant”. 10. dramaticadj. 戏剧性的，夸张的* Tim threw out his arms in a dramatic gesture. Chinese meaning: 提姆夸张地张开双臂。* 别这么夸张！正常点儿！Dont be so dramatic! Be normal!adj.巨大的，突然的 a dramatic change/increase/fall 巨变/剧增/暴跌* 大学生源急剧下降。 Universities have suffered a dramatic drop/fall in student numbers. drama n.戏剧11. reactv. 反应，回应 react to* 他对你的建议有什么反应？ How did he react to your suggestion?* The management reacted to the demand of workers by increasing their wages since April.Chinese meaning:管理层回应了工人的要求，答应从四月份起增加工资。v.对有影响；对起作用 react on/upon* Unkindness reactson the unkind person.Chinese meaning: 恶有恶报。v. 起（化学）反应 react with sth. * 铁和水、空气发生反应产生铁锈。 Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. reaction n.反应 reactor n. 核反应堆 reactive adj. 反应的12. astonishmentn. 惊讶 to ones astonishment 令某人惊讶的是 in astonishment 吃惊地，诧异地* 使我们惊讶的是，他们准时到了。To ourastonishment, they arrived on time.* 他惊愕地盯着陌生人。Hestaredinastonishmentatthestranger. astonish v.使惊讶13. faintv. 昏倒* 她突然栽倒在桌上，晕了过去。She suddenly fell on the table and fainted.adj. 虚弱的，头晕的* After running 15 kilos, the athletes were faint from hunger.Chinese meaning: 跑了十五公里后，运动员们饿的头晕眼花。adj. 模糊的，暗淡的，微弱的* 孩子们越跑越远，他们的笑声逐渐模糊。 Their laughter grew fainter as the kids ran farther and farther. 14. humorn. 幽默 sense of humor 幽默感*没有幽默感的人就像没有鲜花的春天。Apersonwithouthumorisjustlikeaspringwithoutflowers.* Thisgirlimpressedherrelativesfavorablywithhervigorandsenseofhumor.Chinese meaning: 这个女孩的活力和幽默感给亲戚们留下了极好的印象。humorous adj.幽默的15. looseadj. 不受约束的，自由的* 马匹跑了出来，在路上自由走动。The horses had got out and were loose on the road.* I have one hand loose but the other is tied.Chinese meaning: 我一只手绑着，另一只不受束缚。adj. 松的，宽松的* She woreloosegarments in the summer.Chinese meaning: 她在夏天穿宽松的衣服。v. 解开；释放* She helped the childloosethe laces of his shoes.Chinese meaning: 她帮孩子解开鞋带。* 小鸟被放出了笼子。The bird was loosed from the cage.16.retirev. 退休* 在大多数人都退休的年龄，他却准备好面对新的职业。 At the age when most people retire, he is ready to face a new career.* According to the new regulations, mining engineers retire at the age of fifty five. Chinese meaning: 按照新规定，采矿工程师五十五岁退休。v. 退出，离开* 她吃完晚饭就回到自己的房间。She retired to her own room after supper.v. 就寝* You must retire early as you have to catch the early train tomorrow. Chinese meaning: 你必须早睡觉，因为明天还得赶早班火车。retirement n.退休17. involvev. 包含，包括* 接受这份工作就必须到国外居住。 Taking the job involves living abroad.* His workinvolvesoccasional journeys.Chinese meaning: 他的工作偶尔需要出差旅行。v. 牵涉，牵连，使卷入 (麻烦、困境等) involve sb. in sth. * 这一案件牵涉了许多无辜的人。Many innocent people were involved in the case. v. 使专注，使忙于 be involved in* He wasinvolvedin writing his doctoral paper.Chinese meaning: 他在聚精会神地写他的博士论文。involvement n. 参与，插手；沉迷18. patiencen. 耐心* 照料孩子需要耐心。 Looking after children requirespatience. * I would have no patience to sit mending watches all day. Chinese meaning: 我可没耐心整天坐着修表。 patient adj.有耐心的19. nutritionn. 营养* 均衡的食物使你的身体获得营养。 A balanced diet providesnutritionfor your body. * Because of his poornutrition, he has grown weaker and weaker. Chinese meaning: 他因为营养不良，身体越来越虚弱。 nutritious adj.有营养的20. surroundingsn. 环境* 他没有留心他周围的环境。 He didnt pay much attention to hissurroundings. * The buildings have been designed to blend with their surroundings. Chinese meaning: 这些建筑设计巧妙，与周围环境浑然一体。surrounding adj. 周围的 surround v. 围绕；包围21. perfectadj. 完美的* 熟能生巧。 Practice makes perfect. * 金无足赤，人无完人。 Gold cant be pure and man cant be perfect. * Hisperfectperformancekilled theaudience. Chinese meaning: 他完美的表演征服了观众。 v. 使完美，使完备* 我们必须完善大病保险制度。 Wemustperfecttheinsurancesystemforseriousillnesses. perfection n. 完美，完善 perfectly adv. 非常，十分22. collectv. 收集；收藏；募捐，募集* 两个小女孩正在拾柴火。 Two young girls were collecting firewood. * 许多人收藏艺术品，希望有一天能增值。 Many people collect works of art, hoping one day their value may add. * Thepartydepends onwhether or notwecancollectenoughmoney. Chinese meaning: 这次聚会取决于我们能否筹集到足够的钱。 v. 领取；接走* 包裹已经在这儿很长时间了，一直没人领取。The package has stayed here for ages and no one came to collect it. collection n.收集；藏品；作品集 collective adj. 集体的 collector n. 收藏家23. expertn. 专家，能手 expert at/in/on (doing) sth.* 她对幼儿教育很在行。 She is an expert in/at teaching small children. * Asanexpertin English,whatwouldyouadvisemeto prepareforthecontest?Chinese meaning: 作为一个英语专家，您建议我为比赛准备些什么呢?adj. 熟练的,老练的；有经验的 expert advice/opinion/help 内行的建议/观点/帮助* 碰上困难时征求一下内行的意见。Seek some expert advice/opinion in case of difficulties. expertly adv. 娴熟地24. figuren. 人物 * Shewasaninternationalfigurewhohadinfluenceontheworldstage.Chinese meaning: 她曾是一位在世界舞台上有影响力的国际人物。n.