07考研辅导句子结构练习.doc

英语句子意识培养练习复合句复合句有一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在，且须由一个关联词引导。引导从句的关联词共有7类：1 从属连词：引导名词性从句和状语从句，如that, whether, when, although, because, 等。2 疑问代词：引导间接疑问句，who, which, whom, what, whose。3 疑问副词：when, where, how, why。4 关系代词：who, which, whom, whose, that。5 关系副词：when, where, why。6 缩合连接代词：多用于引导名词性从句，what(that which), who(anyone or the person who), that( he or the man who), whoever(any person who), whatever(anything that), whichever(anyone who or which)。7 缩合连接副词：多用于引导名词性从句，when(the time when), where(the place where), why(the reason why), whenever(any time when), wherever, however(no matter how)主语从句：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。一、 由从属连词引导That we shall be late is certain. It is certain that we shall be late.二、 由疑问代/副词引导Who he is doesnt concern me. What she did is not yet known. How the prisoner escaped is a complete mystery.三、 由缩合连接代/副词引导What he says goes. （他说了算。）The things which he says goes.Where he has surpassed every other English writer is in his ballads and songs.四、经常可用形式主语it代替主语从句，成为It is/was +n. /a. +clause句型。但以what, whatever, whoever引导的主语从句除外。It is a pity that he failed the exam.It is obvious that the task is quite important.It is said that the place is beautiful.而What she needs is more experience.练习：主语+名词+从句1. 事实是她做了错误的决定。(fact)_ she made a wrong decision.2. 能和你合作是非常荣幸的。(honor)_I can cooperate with you.3. 杰克背叛朋友是可耻的。(shame)Jack betrayed his friends.4. 珍妮能做好这个项目是不足为奇的。(no wonder)Jenny can do well this project.主语+形容词+从句5. 幸运的是她有如此聪明的姐姐。(fortunate)_she has such an intelligent sister.6. 很可能这位老人已经死了。(possible)_the old man has died.7. 奇怪的是他离开了家乡。(strange)_he left his hometown.主语+过去分词+从句8. 据报道空气污染越来越严重。(report)_ the air pollution is more and more serious.9. 据宣布玛丽将接手管理公司。(announce)_Mary will take over the company.10. 必须承认她很出色。(admit)_she is really excellent.11. 必须指出的是去我们不够重视这项工作。(point out)_ we dont pay enough attention to the work.以what, whatever, whoever引导的主语从句：12. 谁触犯了法律都会受到惩罚。(whoever)_will be punished.13. 他所做的一切都是为了她的幸福。(whatever)_is for her happiness.14.他所缺少的就是自信。(what)_is confidence.宾语从句：用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。一、 由从属连词引导I understand that he is well-qualified, but I feel that he needs more experience.I doubt whether he will succeed.I dont know if you can help me. 二、 由疑问代/副词引导Do you know who all these people are?三、 由缩合连接代/副词引导He gave whoever asked for it a copy of his latest paper.练习：1. 我确实相信Jim 是在说真话. I really believe _.注：有两个这类宾语从句并列时, 有时省去引导第一个从句的连词that, 但引导第二个从句的that 不能省略。2. 老师说这本书很有趣, 值得一读。 His teacher said _ and that _.3. 我不知道他是否仍在那个工厂工作。 I dont know _.4. 他们没有说他们想要哪一个。 They didnt say_.5. 你简直想象不出这花多漂亮。 You cant imagine_.6. 我对他的话感到惊讶！ I was surprised at _.7.我不知道他什么时候会来。 I wonder _.8. 我不明白他为什么来的这么晚。 I cant understand _.9 无论谁想去，我都带。Ill take _.10. 你喜欢做什么就做什么吧。Do_. 同位语从句：与先行词同位或同等的从句。同位语从句的先行词多为belief, thought, fact, hope, idea, news, report等表抽象概念的名词。同位语从句一般由that 引导，但也可以用疑问代词（what, which, who）, 疑问副词（when, where, why, how）或 whether(if )引导。The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.The news that we are told yesterday is very encouraging.练习： 1. 她表示希望有一天能写一部小说。She expressed the hope _.2. 他成功的消息使他们深受鼓舞。The news _inspired them all.3. 这样就产生了一个问题：我们到哪里弄到贷款loan呢。(where)There arose the question_.4. 我不知道我们第一次见面是在什么时候。(when)I have no idea_ 5. 此事是否正确的问题尚未证实。(whether)The problem_ hasnt been proved.定语从句：用作定语的从句叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that; 关系副词when, where, why 等。练习：请根据已给出的关系代词将两个句子组成一个复合句。1. who/ thatThe man is a famous lawyer.The man spoke at the meeting this morning. The man _ is a famous lawyer.2. whoseThe book belongs to me.The cover of the book is beautiful.The book _ belongs to me.The room whose windows face the sea is big. 3. which Here is the dictionary. The dictionary will be lent to you. Here is the dictionary _.4. whom The girl is Jane. You saw the girl just now. The girl _ is Jane.5. that That is the same man. The man asked for help the day before yesterday. Thats the same man _.Thats all that I want you to do. 6. that He was watching the children and parcels. They filled the car. He was watching the children and parcels _.7. which(or：介词+which) The Xinmin Evening news reported another boat-sinking on January 20.Seven people are missing from it. The Xinmin Evening news,_, reported another boat-sinking on January 20.8. when I will never forget the day. I reached the top of the Huangshan Mountain on that day. I will never forget the day on _.9. where What is the name of the town? We stayed at the town last night. What is the name of the town _.10. why The reason was that his wife was ill. He was late. The reason _ was that his wife was ill. 11. whereHe went to the river bank. There are tall trees on the river bank. He went to the river bank_.12. whose A teacher is a person. A teachers duty is to teach. A teacher is a person_.13. whereThe man is said to come from Beijing. He was born there. The man is said to come from Beijing_ _.14.whyI dont know the reason. Why did she do it? I dont know the reason_.15. whom(或：介词+whom)There are 40 students in our class.Eighty percent of them are girls.There are 40 students in our class, _.状语从句在复合句中充当状语。状语从句根据其用途可以大概分为九种。各种类型的状语从句的关联词分别是：1. 时间状语从句（when , while, as , before, after, since, until, once, as soon as, the moment）2. 地点状语从句（where, wherever）3. 原因状语从句（because, since, as, now that, in that）Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to correct our mistakes.4. 结果状语从句（that, so/such that, sothat, suchthat）5. 程度状语从句（that, so/such that, sothat, suchthat ,as (so) far as, to the degree that）So far as I know, he is trustworthy. 6. 目的状语从句（so, so that, in order that, 和表示否定意思的for fear (that)，lest（书面语）， in case.）注：目的状语从句常用助动词may(might), shall(should), will(would)。 如：Take your umbrella with you, lest that it should/would/might rain.He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain. Take your umbrella in case it rains.7. 条件状语从句（if, unless, so/ as long as）8. 让步状语从句（though, although, as, even if, even though, whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter who等）9. 方式状语从句（as ,as if /though, the way）Do as I say.10. 比较状语从句（as/soas, 形容词（副词）+er/morethan）11对比状语从句：whereas ，whileI like tea while she likes coffee. 练习：1. 我一见你就认出了你。（the moment） I recognized you _.2. 无论这头骆驼在哪里吃草， 总有一个空处没吃到。(wherever) _, there was always a small space left untouched.3. 因为树小，砍倒它没有花多少时间。 （as） _, it didnt take long to cut it down.4. 他说起英语来就像是个英国人。(as if) He speaks English _.5. 只要你答应在11点以前回来， 你可以外出。 （as long as ） You can go out, _before 11 oclock.6. 他高声叫喊使别人可以听到他的声音。（in order that） He shouted at the top of his voice_.7. 她说的那么快， 我们都跟不上了。 （so that） She spoke _.8. 每当我不高兴时，他就给我鼓劲。（whenever） _, he cheers me up.9. 无论做什么事情都要把它做好。（no matter.） _ ，do it well.10.正当他们交谈的时候，他走进房间。(when)He entered the room_. 11.这个小男孩做完家庭作业才回去。(until)The little boy didnt go home_.12.无论你到什么地方，都要把工作做好。(wherever)_, you should do your work well.13.她虽然有很多钱，但是却不幸福。(although)_， she is unhappy.14.他待我如陌生人。(as if)He treats me_. 15.有志者事竟成。(where)_, there is a way.16她那样穿戴是为了引起人们的注意。(so that)She dresses like that _. Draw ones attention17不管它有多高，也高不到天上去。(however)_ it may be, it cant reach the sky. 18要照教你的那样做。(the way)Do it _. 19. 天气很糟，结果我不能外出。（such that）The weather was _ I couldnt go out. 20. 你是不是在别处还藏有另一个情人，所以置我于寒冷中而不顾？（ that）Have you another sweetheart hidden somewhere _ you leave me in the cold?19. Such was the effect of this simple piece of crape, that more than one woman of delicate nerves was forced to leave the meeting-house. 20. Could Mr. Hooper be fearful of her glance, that he so hastily caught back the black veil?非限定动词非限定动词包括不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词和过去分词的区别：1、 从语态上来讲，现在分词无论是及物动词还是不及物动词一般表主动，而过去分词一般表被动。例如：Do you know the woman talking to Tom?(主动) The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor?（被动）2、 从时态上来讲，现在分词表正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示已经完成的动作。例如： China is a developing country and America is a developed country. (正在进行) （已经完成）练习：一、现在分词作定语。请根据中文意思用完成下列句子。1. 茁壮成长的农作物预告丰年。(well-grow) The _crops foretell a good harvest.2. 一切运动的物体都具有能量。(move) All_ bodies have energy.3. 问得多的人学得多。(ask) One _ much learns much.4. 朝南的那间房子是我们的阅览室。（face） The room _ south is our reading-room.5. 她现在所教的学生年龄都在十五岁以下。 （be taught） The students_ by her are under fifteen.6. 街道下方建造的大楼将成为一家医院。（be built） The large building _down the street will be a hospital.7. 会叫的狗不咬人。(bark)A _dog seldom bites.8. 这是一个令人信服的论点。(convince)This is a _argument.9. 天上有许多闪烁的星星。(twinkle)There are many _stars in the sky.10. 他再也受不了这累人的工作。(tire)He cannot bear the _work anymore.二、现在分词做状语。根据中文意思完成下列句子。1. 有一天，鲁宾逊正沿着沙滩走向他的小船时，看见沙地上有个脚印。（walk along） One day, _ the sands towards his boat, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a mans foot.2. 我把信写好后，去邮局寄发。（have written） _the letter, I went to the post-office to mail it.3. 她虽然失败过一次但并不气馁。（have failed） _once, she was not discouraged.4. 我有不认识的词总是查阅词典。（not know） _ a word, I always look it up in a dictionary.5. 因为忙，我不想去看电影。（be busy） _, I didnt want to go to the cinema.6. 他不知道做什么，便向老师求助。（not know） _what to do, he had to ask the teacher for help.7. 我望出窗外，看见一些学生们在玩耍。（look） _ out of the window, I saw some students playing there.8. 我们作为团员，已经做好帮助别人的准备。（be） _League Members, we are ready to help others.9. 捕鱼人一早就去捕鱼，只捞上来一只旧篮子。（get） The fisherman went fishing very early, _ only an old basket.10. 他跑回来告诉我这消息。（run） He came _ back to tell me the news.11. 他们听到这个消息，立即出发到上海去了。(hear)_the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.12. 他们离开机场时向我们频频招手。(leave)When _the airport, they waved again and again to us.13. 他从小山走下来，高兴地唱着歌。(sing)He walked down the hill, _happily.14. 使用机器前务必先看说明书。(use)When _the machine, you must read the instruction first.15. 她站在悬崖边，心跳加速。(stand)_near the cliff, her heart beat fast.三、现在分词代替定语或状语从句（斜体部分）。1. Anyone who did not hear the noise must have been stone deaf.2. Presents which cost less than ten pounds in all may be imported duty free.3. Mrs. Jay has opened a savings account since she is planning to buy a car.4. Although I admit what she has said, I still think that she hasnt tired her best.5. The man was accompanied by a porter who weighs at least 16o kilos.6. As I am a layman in matters of culture, I would like to study them.7. After I had put down my newspaper, I walked over to the window and looked out.8. If you turn to the right, you will find a bookstore.（Turn to the right, and youll find a bookstore. ）9. Since we lived in the country, we had few amusements.10. The British Museum has a right to one copy of any book that appears in Britain.11. Any driver who doesnt have a license ought to be sent to jail right away.12. At the station, we were met by a man who was carrying a copy of the Times.13. The doctor, as he didnt want to make the patient nervous, did not explain the seriousness of his illness.四、过去分词（短语）作定语。1、这是一张我叔叔画的画.(paint)This is a picture _by my uncle.2、昨日寄出的那封信，明天将会寄达他手中。(send)The letter _yesterday will reach him tomorrow.3、进口的商品并不一定比国产的好。(import)Goods _ are not always better than those made in China.4、这是用钢笔写的信。(write)It is a letter _with a pen. 5、穿白衣服的女人是她的妈妈。(dress) The woman _in white is Janets mother.6、我有一支中国生产的钢笔。(make)I have a pen _in China. 7、地上有些破碎的玻璃。(break)There are some _glass. 8、在联合国说什么语言？(use)What are the Languages _ in the UN?9、在战争中受伤的那位士兵的位诗人。(wound)The soldier _in the war was a poet.10、他是我们爱戴的领袖。(admire)He is our _ leader.五、过去分词（短语）作状语。1、如果对这些树再多给予关注，它们可能长得更好。(give more attention to)_, the trees could have grown better.2、英雄坐在那儿，许多学生围着他。(round)The hero sat there, _by many students. 3、把水加热到100度，水就沸腾了。(heat)_ , water boils. Degree4、她被英雄人物所深深感动，决心好好学习。(move)Greatly_ by the hero, she decided to study harder.5、因被单独留下，小男孩哭了。(leave)_alone, the boy began to cry.6、这个谋杀犯带进来时，手是被铐着的。(tie)The murdered was brought in, with his hands _ .7、这个小孩在妈妈背上睡着了。(carry)._on its mothers back, the baby fell asleep.8、人缺氧时就会死亡。（deprive sb. of sth. ）_Oxygen, man will die.9、因感到心烦意乱,她匆忙地离开了那个房间。(cover)_with confusion, she hurriedly left the room.10、从山上看去， 峡谷宛若仙境。(see)_from the mountain, the valley looked like a wonderland.11.在那个冬天他乔装成一个商人来到北京。(distinguish)He went to Beijing that winter, _as a merchant.12.被风暴吹垮的屋子是我奶奶的。(wreck)The house_ by the storm belonged to my grandmother.13.从这个观点看，事情也不像人们所认为的那么严重。(see)_in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally supposed.14.这座城堡在1485年烧毁，一直未修复。(burn down)The castle ,_in 1485, was never rebuilt.15.他从马上摔下来，静静地躺着好象被枪打死似的。(shoot)He threw himself from his horse and lay still as if _dead.五、用过去分词短语代替定语或状语从句(斜线部分)。1、Any dutiable articles which are not declared to the customs will be liable to confiscation.（充公）2、If it is used economically, one tin will be last for at least six weeks.3、Cars that were parked illegally were removed.4、As she is strategically located, HK acts as a gateway into and out of Taiwan.5、As they were exhausted, the children fell asleep at once.6、Even if I am invited, I will not go.7、Once it was published, the book caused a remarkable stir.8、If you were left alone on a desert island, what would you do first?9、Though they were surrounded, the guerillas were not discouraged.10、When he was absorbed in his work, Jim neglected food and sleep.11. When she was asked to stay, she couldnt very well leave.12. If I am given another chance, Ill do it better.13. As she is overcome with surprise, she was unable to utter a word.14. It is a book which was written by Henry James.15. Although he is wounded , the brave soldier continued to fight.1. While I was waiting to enter university, I saw in a local newspaper a teaching post. It was advertised at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. 2. However, three days later a letter arrived. It summoned me to Croydon for an interview. 3. four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner. There they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road. 4. as a colonel might look at a private. The privates bootlaces were undone. 5. The school, he said, consisted of one class of twenty-four boys. They ranged in age from seven to thirteen. 6. He went out to the front doorstep. There his mother was waiting with his suitcase. 7. “Hush!” whispered his mother. She looked past him to the road and the car that waited there and the man at the driving-wheel. 8. She gave Tom the case, and then bent over him. She pushed his tie up to cover his collar-button and let her lips come to within an inch of his ear.9. Every motorist dreams of a car of the future that does not have to_(refuel) every few hundred miles, .10. If atomic power could be used in a car, one small piece of uranium would keep the engine_(run) for twenty or more years.11. But is this science-fiction-like picture of the atom _(explode) peacefully beneath the bonnet of a car possible?12. Thus, at the moment any car _(carry) an atomic engine would also have to carry many tons of lead in order to prevent the radiation from escaping.13. Since a car _(make ) up of tons of lead is rather impractical, the only answer at the moment seems to be the discovery or invention of a metal .14. It is extremely doubtful whether at the beginning a really economic engine could be made, that is, one cheap enough to make it worth _(put) in a car.15. and manufacturers should eventually be able to produce something that will at least be cheaper than _(have) to pay for petrol during the lifetime of the car.16. Suppose that th