广东省番禺县高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解精练（3）.doc

广东番禺县2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解精练（3） 阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。mention the terms italian culture and renaissance art and one is immediately reminded of the mysterious smile of leonardo da vincis mona lisa. the renaissance period had a deep effect on european culture development. having its beginnings in italy, by the 16th century, it had spread to the rest of europe. its influence was felt in different fields such as philosophy, literature, religion, science, politics, and, of course, art. the scholars of the renaissance period applied the humanist method in every field of study, and wanted human emotion and realism in art. renaissance scholars studied the ancient latin and greek texts, searching the monastic(修道院的)libraries of europe for works of ancient times that had become obscure, in their hunt for improving and perfecting their worldly knowledge. this was completely different from the religion that christianity(基督教)stressed. however, that does not mean that they refused christianity. in fact, much of the greatest works of the renaissance period was devoted to it, with the church supporting a lot of the works of renaissance art. however, there were slight changes in the manner in which the scholars began to treat religion, which affected the cultural life of the society, which in turn influenced the artists of that period and therefore was reflected in their art. in raphaels school of athens, for example, some well-known people were described as classical scholars, with leonardo da vinci being given as much importance as plato in his time. giotto di bondone, 12671337, a florentine, who is regarded as the greatest italian painter just earlier than the renaissance period, is thought to be the first artist who treated a painting as a window into space. however, it was only after the writings of filippo brunelleschi, 13771446, who is considered the first great builder of the italian renaissance, that perspective was formally accepted as an artistic technique. 【文章大意】文章介绍了文艺复兴的发源地意大利在当时的背景下的文化特色和相关艺术家在这个时期的作用。1. what makes italy stand out in a way in world history? a. its artists during the renaissance were numerous. b. it was the center of the european countries. c. it had leonardo da vincismona lisa. d. it was the home to the renaissance. 【解析】选d。推理判断题。第二段第二句话的beginnings in italy, by the 16th century, it had spread to the rest of europe说明意大利正是文艺复兴的发源地, 从而影响整个欧洲。2. the underlined word“obscure”in paragraph 3 most probably means“”. a. meaningless and hard to recognizeb. clear and meaningful to guide peoplec. unclear and difficult to understand or seed. easy to understand but having little meaning【解析】选c。词义猜测题。该题根据语境结合选项进行猜测。句中的the monastic说明这些资料的来源, 和宗教有关的应该是较难理解的, works of ancient times也说明了这一点。3. when was perspective officially received during the renaissance? a. after the completion of leonardo da vincis mona lisa. b. after leonardo da vincis being compared to plato. c. after giotto di bondones paintings were respected. d. after filippo brunelleschis completing his writings. 【解析】选d。细节理解题。最后一段的强调结构里的被强调部分就是本题的解题线索。4. the passage aims to tell us. a. italys renaissance art and artistsb. the famous artists in italys historyc. italys influence on the world in cultured. the hardships during the renaissance in italy【解析】选a。主旨大意题。文章是围绕着意大利在文艺复兴中的文化发展和相关的艺术家展开的。高考英语冲刺阅读理解。请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。during times of trouble, franklin delano roosevelt spoke from a small room without a fireplace in the white house basement to millions of americans. in his calm and conversational manner, he reassured（使恢复信心）the nation in the depths of the great depression（大萧条）and through a world war.saul bellow described his own experience of listening to president roosevelt, hold the nation together, using only a radio and the power of his personality.“i can recall walking eastward on the chicago midway drivers had pulled over, parking bumper to bumper, and turned on their radios to hear roosevelt. they had rolled down the windows and opened the car doors. everywhere the same voice, its odd eastern accent, which in anyone else would have angered midwesterners. you could follow without missing a single word as you walked by. you felt joined to these unknown drivers, men and women”the nation needed the assurance of those fireside chats, the first of which was delivered on march 12, 1933. between a quarter and a third of the work force was unemployed. every bank in america had been closed for at least eight days. its hard for us to imagine. it was the hardest time of the great depression.the “fireside” was symbolic（象征性的; most of the chats came from a small room in the white house basement. frances perkins, roosevelts secretary of labor, described the change that would come over him just before the broadcasts: “his face would smile and light up as though he were actually sitting on the front porch(门廊) or in the parlor with them. people felt this, and came to respect and love him.”in that first radio visit, roosevelt began by explaining how the banking system worked: “when you put money in a bank, the bank does not place the money into a safedeposit vault（金库房. it invests your money in many different forms of creditbonds, mortgages.” he went on to announce that the banks would reopen the next day.1. the main purpose of the article is to .a. give examples of the power of radio broadcastingb. make people examine their attitudes toward moneyc. suggest that roosevelt was americas greatest presidentd. show how roosevelt reassured americans during hard times答案解析：答案为d。本题为主旨大意题。纵观全文，本文主要讲述美国总统罗斯福在困难时期如何恢复人们的信心。第一段为本文的中心段落，后面的内容都是围绕本段展开。故答案为d。 2. according to the article, the fireside chats raised the hopes of americans because president roosevelt .a. spoke to them in a friendly and confident toneb. explained to them how to invest their moneyc. was open about his own fears for the countryd. used humor to draw their attention away from their problems答案解析：答案为a。本文为细节题。从第一段的第二句话 “in his calm and conversational manner, .”可知，与此意思最接近的就是选项a。3. the name “fireside chats” was probably intended to .a. demand listeners to protect resourcesb. encourage spirited discussion among listenersc. request people to desire for hope and reassuranced. persuade americans to talk with their families 答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节题。从文章第四段首句 “the nation needed the assurance of those fireside chats, the first of which was delivered on march 12, 1933.”可知，fireside chats主要是帮助人们恢复希望和信心。故答案为c。4. saul bellows description of his own experience of listening to president roosevelt shows .a. how popular and encouraging roosevelts fireside chats were b. how easily roosevelts fireside chats could be understoodc. what great interest general public took in national affairsd. what a hard life americans had in great depression答案解析：答案为a。本题为细节推断题。从文章第二段 “hold the nation together, .”和倒数第二段 “his face would smile and light up as though he were actually sitting on the front porch(门廊) or in the parlor with them. people felt this, and came to respect and love him.” 可知，罗斯福的fireside chats受到人们的欢迎，并鼓舞着人们。高考英语冲刺阅读理解。请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。english has become the worlds number one language in the 20th century. in every country where english is not the native language, especially in the third world, people must strive to learn it to the best of their abilities, if they want to participate fully in the development of their countries. but many people are concerned that englishs dominance (优势地位) will destroy native languages.a close examination reveals （显示） a great number of languages have fallen casualty to english. for example, it has wiped out hawaiian, welsh, scotch gaelic, irish, native american languages, and many others. luckily, some of these languages are now being revived （复苏）, such as hawaiian and welsh, and these languages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their work of reviving them. in the case of welsh, its revival is so successful that the language is now being used as a medium of insturction in schools and universities in wales. many leaders of these third world countries are obsessed with (被迷住) english and for them english is everything. they seem to believe that if the students speak english, they are already knowledgeable. these leaders speak and write english much better than their national languages. if these leaders deliver speeches anywhere in the world they use english and they feel more at home with it and proud of their ability as well. the citizens of their countries do not understand their leaders speeches because they are made in a foreign language.all the greatest countries of the world are great because they constantly use their own languages in all national development activities, including education. from a psychological point of view, those who are taught in their own language from the start will develop better selfconfidence and self-reliance. from a linguistic point of view, the best brains can only be produced if students are educated in their own language from the start. those who are taught in a foreign language from the start will tend to be imitators and lack self-confidence. they will tend to rely on foreign consultants.there is nothing wrong, however, in learning a foreign language at advanced levels of education. but the best thing to do is to have a good education in ones native language first, then go abroad to have a university education in a foreign language.1. the main idea of the first paragraph is probably _.a. to stress the position of englishb. to appeal the protection of native languagesc. to show the importance of grasping english for employeesd. to demonstrate ( 阐述) english is the worlds number one language 答案解析：答案为b。本题为主旨题。虽是对第一段的大意提问，但实则是对全文的中心进行定位。考生要确定第一段的主题句 （topic sentence）.是第一句话 “english has become the worlds number one language in the 20th century.” 还是该段的最后一句话 “but many people are concerned that englishs dominance will destroy native languages.”？即作者关注的问题是英语还是本国语言？略读后文可知，由于更多的国家讲英语，很多其他语言已经消失， 然而也有一些语言在复苏，同时也谈到了母语对国家和个人的作用。因此，本文的重心是关注本国语言。故答案为b。2. the revival of hawaiian and welsh shows any language will live if it _.a. is against foreign language b. is used as a medium in educationc. is taught in schools d. is done by dedicated people 答案解析：答案为d。本题为细节题。从第二段 “.and these languages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their work of reviving them.” 可知，答案为d。3. the underlined expression in paragraph three probably refers to _ a. they are sure to use english better with their families b. they use english better in their countries than in foreign countries c. their native language is poorer than their english d. they are not afraid that critical audience find their errors 答案解析：答案为b。 本题为句意推断题。理解该句需要结合上下文。由划线部分的前一句话 “these leaders speak and write english much better than their national languages.”可知，这些领导用英语讲话和写作比用本国语言要好，因此可以推断，他们用英语发表演讲的时候，会感觉运用自如. 故答案为b。 本题的混淆选项c选项 “他们的本国语言比英语要差”强调的是本国语言，而划线部分强调的是领导人的英语运用能力。4. in the opinion of the writer, which statement below is not true? a. a native language has great effect on the development of a nation. b. the earlier a person learns a foreign language, the greater his ability will be. c. learning a foreign language should be arranged in a later time. d. the native language will greatly influence ones life. 答案解析：答案为b。本题为推断题。从倒数第二段首句 “all the greatest countries of the world are great because they constantly use their own languages in all national development activities, including education.”可知，所有伟大的国家之所以伟大是因为他们在发展国家的时候使用了本国语言，故答案a正确。从倒数第二段后部分内容可知，从心理学的角度讲，一开始就学习母语的人会更自信，更独立；从语言学的角度讲，大脑只有在最开始学母语的情况下才能发展最好；而一开始就学外语的人会变成模仿者并缺乏自信。可以推断，作者认为母语对人的生活有影响，外语学习应该安排在后面，而不是越早学外语，一个人的能力就越强。故c、d正确，b错误。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013北京，b)tail spintwo dolphins race around in a big pool in the ocean park. the smaller dolphin, grace, shows off a few of her tricks, turning around and waving hello to the crowd. the most amazing thing about her, however, is that shes even swimming at all. she doesnt have a tail.grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap. when the dolphin arrived at the ocean park in december 2005, she was fighting for her life. “ is she going to make it？” her trainer, abbey stone, feared the worst. grace did make itbut her tail didnt. she ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.over the past six years, she has learned to swim without her tail. dolphins swim by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down. grace taught herself to move another waylike a fish! she pushes herself forward through the water by moving her peduncle from side to side.the movements put harmful pressure on graces backbone. so a company offered to create a manmade tail for her. the tail had to be strong enough to stay on grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldnt hurt her.the first time grace wore the artificial tail, she soon shook it off and let it sink to the bottom of the pool. now, she is still learning to use the tail. some days she wear