中考英语常见题型及解题技巧 E 选词填空(1).doc

选词填空 短文填空是近年才创设的一种新题型。这种题型为：给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉10个单词，同时在一个方框内给出10至12个单词， 让考生根据短文的内容，确定词义用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，确定词性和词形变化，把这些单词填入空白处，使文章正确、通顺。这种题型考查的是考生的整体阅读能力和基础语法的运用能力，特别是单词的词性和词形转化能力。它是介于阅读理解和书面表达之间的一种题型。根据平时的观察，学生在做英语的“选词填空”时，遭遇较多困难，有的甚至条件反射一样畏惧或厌烦。在此，我把平时积累的解题技巧和训练技巧略作归纳，希望能给有需要的学生朋友提供一点帮助。 “选词填空”要求学生利用所给的12个词汇（一般有名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词和连词等）补全一篇有10个空缺的短文。要攻克这一难关，学生除了要进行大量的课外阅读，积累丰富的语言知识外，还需掌握一定的解题技巧。 1.在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性作简单的标记，例如：名词-n.，动词-v.，形容词-a.，副词-ad. 等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。 2.通读全文，语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文的句子，充分理解短文的内容，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。 3.在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。当你选定一个名词时，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如：match-matches， friend-friends/friends。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词，例如：sun-sunny， use-useful/useless/used， danger-dangerous；在遇到动词时，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化（动词不定式- to do， 现在分词-doing， 过去分词-done， 固定搭配-enjoy doing sth./used to do sth./have sth. done）。形容词和副词填空时要主动去判定是否需要变成比较级或最高级，还有它们之间的相互转换以及形容词变名词的需求也需考虑，例如：interesting-more /the most interesting， happy-happily，happy -happiness； 填入代词时，需注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；数词方面要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法，例如：three-third， 2/3-two thirds， one thousand/thousands of ；冠词只需要在 a或an之间判别，如a girl/an old man； 当遇到介词和连词时，就更简单，只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配，填入即可。为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有s 不能弃，“动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘 “基” 和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。4.完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。例题解析： （一）用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，使短文正确、通顺、连贯（每词限用一次）。job, chance, fourth, why, live, easy, honest, good, in order to, come outgood morning, ladies and gentlemen. im here today to share a good lesson with you. it is a true story about an overseas student 71_ in germany.after years of hard work, this student graduated with amazing achievements. everyone thought he was going to get a good 72_ easily and have a bright future. but to his disappointment, he was not even given the 73_ for an interview! the third time he was refused, he couldnt help telephoning the company to ask 74_ they didnt want him. the answer was simple. we dont offer jobs to 75_ people in germany.what was wrong, you might wonder? the truth is, shortly after he arrived in germany, this clever student found that it was 76_ to skip buying subway tickets. so 77_ save money, he often went without a ticket. as a result, he had been caught without a ticket in the subway 78_ times.from this story, we learn that we may get short-term benefits in dishonest ways, but the truth will 79_ sooner or later and the cost is high. so remember: honesty is the 80_ rule.thats all for my speech. thank you!【主旨大意】这是一篇演讲稿。通过一个生动的例子告诉大家一个道理：我们可以用不诚实的方式获取短期的利益，但迟早会真相大白，并为此付出高昂的代价。诚实才是上策。答案：71. living 现在分词作定语，修饰 student72. job 前一句说该学生取得了惊人的成绩，都认为他能有一份好工作（job)和光明未来。73. chance 句意：他甚至没有被给面试的机会。74. why .why引导的宾语从句表示原因。75. dishonest由下文知那个学生4次逃票，所以是不诚实的。76. easy 句意：.发现逃票很容易。注意句型：it is +adj.+to do sth.77. in order to 句意：.为了节省钱，他经常逃票。78. four four times 四次。注意用基数词79. come out 。 the truth will come out 将会真相大白。80. best . honesty is the best rule诚实才是上策。注意the后的最高级形式。（二）用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，使短文正确、通顺、连贯（每词限用一次）。so start easy badly someone difficult if thank class reporter medical succeedproving them wrong!i m john wood, a doctor at a famous boston hospital. during the first two years of high school, i found biology very 56_ . my report cards always said things like must study harder or john shouldnt choose science 57_ . it was really terrible for 58_ who had always dreamed of becoming a doctor. i lost confidence, so i left high school x j at sixteen and 59_ working at a supermarket.one evening i saw a documentary about albert einstein. according to the documentary, einstein had done really 60_ at school. i began to think that einstein could 61_ , then i may have a chance, too. i didnt want to leave my job, 62 _i decided to go to night school to finish high school. two years later, i went to a 63_ university.ive often thought i should contact the 64_ the einstein documentaryand 65_ him. as for the biology teacher, i might contact her, too, one day - but not to thank her!【主旨大意】梦想成为医生的我，由于生物学得不好，在老师一句不适合学理科评价下，我失去信心。然而从爱因斯坦成功事例的鼓舞下，我梦想成真。一句话可以成就一个人，也可毁掉一个人。56. difficult 根据下文成绩单总是写着应努力学习可生物对作者来说很难。57.classes 句意为不应选择理科58someone 对梦想成为医生的人来说很糟糕59.started 离开学习开始在超市上班。60.badly 根据文献爱因斯坦在学校曾经学的很糟。61.succeed 爱因斯坦能成功，我可能还有机会。62.so 连词的考察由于我不想丢掉工作，因此我决定上夜校。63.medical 根据上文梦想成为医生，所以应为上医学院64.reporter 我应联系爱因斯坦文献的记者65.thank我应联系爱因斯坦文献的记者并谢谢他。实战练习( 1 )well , soft, second, better, may, strongly, afraid, sand , stay up, if, now, house we cant stop an earthquake(地震), but we can do things to make sure they dont destroy(毁坏) whole cities. first, it is not a 1 ._ idea to build houses along lines where 2. _ of the earths plates(板块) join together. second, if you think there 3. _ be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rocks , not on 4. _. third, you must make the houses as 5. _ as possible. weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may 6. _ . . scientists are 7. _ that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around san francisco(旧金山) . they call it “ the big one ”. however, people today are still building more 8. _ . the population in and around san francisco is 9. _ ten times more than it was in 1906. this means that 10. _ there is another earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed. （2） (2011四川宜宾) 第二节：选词填空。（共8个小题，每小题1分，计8分）从下面方框中选出8个单词，用它们的适当形式填入短文空格内，使短文意思正确、通顺。(每词限用一次) take, bad, medicine, careful, nothing, come, month, something, and, wrongmr. shute lives in a village. he has got a big family and a strong dog. his farm is small 76 he is often free in winter. so he goes to a city and finds work there.once he stayed in a city for two 77 . when new year was coming, he went back home to see his wife and his children. on his way home, something was 78 with his eyes. when he knocked on the door, his dog 79 out and was not friendly to him. his wife hurried to drive it away. the next morning he went to see a doctor. the doctor looked over his eyes 80 and gave him some 81 . before he left, he told the doctor about his dog. when he heard this, the doctor began to laugh and said, “maybe something is wrong with your dogs eyes, too.”when mr. shute got home, he told his wife about it. the woman said, “im afraid its true. if a thief comes into our house, it wont see him and hell steal 82 here.”mr. shute thought his wife was right. he then made his dog 83 his medicine instead.（3）【2011山东菏泽】五、综合填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容用方框内所给词语的适当形式填空，使短文语义完整。(请你一定要注意词语的形式变化!)to must ask unusual it when early who notice ifmy name is jim white. i live in america. i had a very (66) experience on sunday. i saw a ufo in the daytime. (67) this spring, i went outside with my friend bill (68) lived close to me. we were walking to a hill (69) i saw a large bright light dancing in the sky. i called jim and asked him to look up. he kept (70) , “what is that?” “a ufo!” i shouted excitedly. i (71) it was round and red in the center. after we looked at (72) for a moment, we found it seemed that it had wings, but it was still round. bill would not believe me when i told him it (73) be a ufo. we shouted (74) it and we wished that it would land. we wanted to know (75) there was an alien in it. but soon it disappeared. i guessed we scared it off.do you believe me? its a true story.请将答案写在下面的横线上: （4）【2011浙江杭州】七、选词填空he, the, grow, high, until, one, fail, loud, speech, whensir edmund hillary was the first man to climb mount everest. on may 29, 1953 he climbed and measured 61)_ highest mountain then known to man29,000 feet straight up. he was spoken 62)_ of for his efforts when he came back. he even made advertisements for big companies. however, 63)_ we read his book, high adventure, we dont understand that hillary had to grow into this success.you see, in 1952 he tried to climb mount everest, but 64)_. a few weeks later a group in england asked him to give a 65)_ to its members. hillary was given a warm welcome 66)_ walking on stage. people there thought him as a hero, but edmund hillary saw 67)_ as a failure. he moved away from the microphone and walked to the side of the stage.he lifted one hand and pointed at a picture of the mountain. he said in a 68)_voice, “mount everest, you beat me the 69)_ time, but ill beat you the next time because youve 70)_all you are going to grow, but im still growing!”（5）将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每个单词只能填一次。a. phones b. except c. common d. keeps e. differentf. besides g. inside h. suggested i. at the end ofaccording to xinhua news agency, 3,000 yellow school buses started their service in chongqing 51 2011. these school buses are like the ones in the us as we usually see on tv and in movies.the school buses are bright yellow in colour. they are stronger than the armys cars. they are from the us. the yellow school bus has a big nose. this 52 the students safe when other cars crash into the school bus. the bus also has some devices(设备), such as warning lights and stop signal arm.in the us, yellow school buses are very 53 . there are about 480,000 school buses in the country. usually, the yellow school buses are free to ride.in china, school buses became popular in the past few years. on the bus, 54 the bus driver, there is always a teacher whose duty is to watch the students. children usually rest on the bus. some of them also recite texts. school buses in china are not free. the fee is 55 from school to school.more about yellow school buses in the usyellow became the colour of school buses in 1939. american educator, frank w. cyr 56 it. the colour helped other cars to see the buses. in the early morning, the black letters on the yellow bus are easy to see.kids can listen to music, talk on their 57 or just sleep. but they cant place things in the aisle(过道). they should keep their heads and arms 58 the bus. it is not a good idea to talk to the bus driver the driver needs to pay attention to the road. （6）将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每次只能填一次。a. the way b. from a distance c. own d. has studied e. grew f. recording g. like h. do i. act jane goodall is a famous woman scientist, who _51_ chimpanzees(黑猩猩)in africa for many years. her research helps people understand how much they behave _52_humans. nobody before has fully understood chimpanzees behavior. jane spent many years observing and _53_ their daily activities. she did not study at a university but she worked with animals in their _54_ environment. when she arrived at gombe(贡贝在尼日尼亚) in 1960， it was usually for a woman to live in the forest. only after her mother came to help her for the first months, was she allowed to begin her project. at first, jane could not get close to the chimpanzees of gombe, but little by little she was able to move closer to the chimpanzees and watch them _55_ with binoculars(望远镜). finally, jane _56_ very close to the chimpanzees at gombe. janes patience and trust won them over, and she enjoyed a degree of acceptance(接受度) that was hardly dreamed possible. she sat among the chimpanzees, and they would greet her as they _57_ each other with a touch or a kiss.her work has changed _58_ people think about chimpanzees, and she has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. perhaps most significantly, janes work has opened a window into the world of chimpanzees for a public with a strong curiosity(好奇心)， and it has proved more successful than anyone has ever imagined.（7）将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。a) money b) fast c) always d) good e) takenf) anotherg) and h) bad i) waiting forbrian ran in central park every morning. he 51 took a five-dollar bill with him in his pocket. after running he bought himself a cup of coffee and a hamburger.one day 52 runner knocked into him. for a few moments he didnt think about it.he felt for his five-dollar bill in his pocket. it wasnt there! that man had 53 it!the man was only 30 meters far away. brian ran after him, hit him and said, give me the 54 ! the man said, ok! just stay cool! take it easy!then the man gave brian a five-dollar bill.then the man ran away as 55 as he could!brian felt really good 56ran to the shop. he bought himself a coffee and ahamburger.then he ran home. his wife was 57him. she said, oh, dear! youve had a bad morning, havent you?no! why? ive had a very 58morning!really? but you left your five-dollar bill on the table!（8）将下列单词词组填入空格。每空格填一词，每词只能填一次a. clothes b. left c. though d. difficult e. parent f. reading g. happy with h. angry about i. came truemy mother was a housewife. she thought that successful people spent a lot more time _51_than watching tv. so she asked my brother and me to read two books every week in our free time. she would check them with marks, _52_she couldnt read the books at all.when i went to school, i was an a-student, but not for long. i wanted cool _53_ and hung out with friends. i went from being an a-student to a c-student, but i didnt care. one night, i complained about not having enough italian t-shirts. then my mother gave me all her money. she said i could get the money _54_ to buy shirts if i finished buying all things the family needed. i was very _55_that, but after i bought those things, there was no money left. i got to know how _56_ it was for my mother to do all this. i went back to my studies and become an a-student again. finally, my dream _57_ and i become a doctor.my story is really my mothers story-a woman with little education greatly changed my life as a _58_. so, i believe there is no job more important than parenting.(9)将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。a. part b. realize c. stations d. for example e. events f. unusual g. receive h. all over i. in addition hundreds of years ago, news was carried from place to place by people on foot or by horse. it took days, weeks and sometimes months for people to _51_ news. now it is possible to send words and pictures around the world in seconds. billions of people learn about news stories of their own country and _52_ the world every day, either by watching tv or reading newspapers. newspapers have been an important _53_ of everyday life since the 18th century. many countries have hundreds of different newspapers. how do newspaper editors decide which news stories to print? why do they print some stories and not others? what makes a good newspaper story? firstly, it is important to report new stories. tv _54_ can report news much faster than newspapers. yet, newspapers give more