主谓一致详解与习题.doc

主谓一致 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。 一、语法一致原则 语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： To study English well is not easy. 注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is （are） helpful to you. 2. 由连接词and或both and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 注意：（1）若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come. （2）由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no， each， every more than a （an） ， many a （an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She， like you and Tom， is very tall. 4. either， neither， each， every 或no +单数名词和由some， any， no， every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter. 注意：（1）在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is （are） interesting. （2）若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has （have） been to America. 5. 在定语从句时，关系代词that， who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family， class， crowd， committee， population， audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意：people， police， cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注意：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。 8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts. 二、逻辑意义一致原则 逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。 1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag？ / Which are your bags？ / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing. 2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. 4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is （are） left on the table. 5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 6. 一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：mathematics， politics， physics 以及news， works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isnt easy to study. 7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes， 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a （the） pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。 三、就近一致原则 在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。 1. 当两个主语由either or， neither nor， whether or ， not only but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right？ 2. there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 注意：Here引导的句子用法同上历届高考英语单项选择题精选（二）主谓一致1.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known 2.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be 4.A library with five thousnd books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.have offered C.are offered D.has offered 5.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decidedC.has not decided D.have not decided 6.The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were , was B.was , was C.was , were D.were , were7._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth , is B.Two fifth , areC.Two fifths , is D.Two fifths , are 8.This is one of the most interesting questions that _ asked.A.have B.has C.have been D.has been 9.Between then two rows of trees _ the teaching building.A.stand B.stands C.standing D.are10.All that can be done_.A.has been done B.has done C.have done D.were done11.They each _ a new dictionary.A.has B.have C.is D.are12.The singer and the dancer _ come to the meeting.A.has B.have C.are D.is13.I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _more difficult.A.is B.are C.was D.were14.The wounded _ by the hospital.A.have been taken in C.has been taken inC.have taken in D.has taken in KEYS: 1-5 BDBAA 6-10 CCCBA 11-14 BBAA 1. Each of you _ responsible for the accident.a. am b. be c. is d. are2. Each man and woman _ the same rights.a. has b. have c. had d. is having3. Every means _ tried but without much result.a. has been b. have been c. are d. is4. There _ in this room.a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnituresc. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture5. The manager or his assistant _ planning to go.a. were b. are c. was d. be6. Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.a. am b. is c. are d. was7. Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.a. is b. are c. has d. was8. Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting.a. attends b. attend c. are attending d. have attended9. _ was wrong.a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacherc. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher10. “_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?” “I suppose so.”a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were11. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.a. are b. has c. is d. were12. Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank.a. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been kept13. All that can be done _.a. has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been done14. One or perhaps more pages _.a. is missing b. has been missed c. are missing d. was missing15. More than one worker _ dismissed.a. have been b. are c. has been d. has16. Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language.a. have realized b. has realize c. have been realized d. has been realized17. The gas works _ near the city.a. is b. are c. were d. be18. The surroundings of his house _ clean now.a. is b. are c. was d. were19. The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours.a. has argued b. has been arguing c. have argued d. have been arguing20. The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.a. is b. was c. are d. has been21. Cattle _ on the hillside.a. grazes b. is grazing c. was grazing d. were grazing22. Her politics _ neither conservative nor liberal.a. is b. are c. was d. has been23. Measles _ a kind of infectious illness.a. is b. are c. were d. have been24. The Philippines _ to the south-east of China. a. lies b. lie c. lay d. lays25. Mary is one of the girls who _ always on time.a. is b. am c. are d. was26. Tom is the only one of the stall members who _ to be promoted.a. is going b. are going c. has been going d. have been going27. What caused the accident _ on the road.a. were stone b. were stones c. was stone d. was stones28. Wisky and soda _ his favorite drink.a. is b. are c. were d. have been29. _ is to attend our evening.a. both the singer and the dancer b. Either the singer or dancers c. The singer or dancers d. The singer and dancer30. The Smiths _ their breakfast when the morning post came.a. had b. has been having c. are having d. were having 31. No one except two students _ the meeting.a. has been late for b. have been late for c. was late for d. were later for32. All but him and me _ to the exhibition.a. am going b. is going c. are going d. was going33. Interest, as well as prospects, _ important when one looks for a job.a. are b. were c. is d. was34. The president, accompanied by his assistants, _.a. have arrived b. are arriving c. had arrived d. has arrived35. A number of cars _ in front of the parka. is parked b. was parked c. are parked d. has parked36. the number of articles published on smoking _ amazing.a. is b. are c. were d. have been37. The majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to health.a. are believed b. had believed c. has believed d. believe38. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair.a. is b. are c. were d. be39. Four-fifths of the crop _.a. are ruined b. was ruined c. were ruined d. have been ruined40. Three-fourths of the buildings _.a. was destroyed b. is destroyed c. were destroyed d. has been destroyed41. Early to bed and early to rise _ a man healthy, happy and wise.a. making b. to make c. make d. makes42. Mathematics _ the language of science.a. is b. has been c. are d. have been43. The young _ the vital forces in our society.a. is b