任务型阅读解题技巧.doc

任务型阅读解题 2010高考说明（英语）在对“任务型阅读”的解释中给出了2篇示例，树状形，表格形。该题型主要考查了学生三个方面的能力：捕捉信息能力，组织信息能力，综合概括信息能力。虽然说明中给出的图表形式和答题要求不同，但是我们可以发现在所给出的10个空格中，捕捉信息题（细节，词法）占5个，组织信息题（语境、句法）3个，综合概括题2个，因此，信息的捕捉是重点。如果在教学过程中训练得当，英语基础较弱的学生得到高分也不是没有可能。以此题为例，谈一谈任务型阅读的解题策略。一、看图表（Read）二、读文章（Scan）三、找细节（Find）四、填单词（Fill）在填写单词的过程中提醒学生一定要细心，同时鼓励学生在填写单词的过程中，在文章的内容中划出该题在文章中的出处，这样做有两点好处。一方面为学生最后的检查提供线索，另一方面，由于出现的范围涵盖整篇文章，因此有助于学生发现到没有出题的文本部分，出题不可能仅限于文章的某几个段落，学生在做题过程中如果发现其他段落没有划出相应的出题点，那么这些部分就更容易发现答案。五、再检查（Check）由于学生考试时间的仓促，再加上最后一题作文给学生带来的心理影响，学生很容易忽视对答案的再检查。检查主要包括3个方面：1、大小写2、语法检查，重点是看动词的形式是否用错，是-ing，-ed还是原形，是否需要双写；3、词汇检查，拼写是否有错。信息概括题也是学生失分较多的地方，在日常教学过程中可以归纳一些单词给学生，如起因类：cause, reason，方式类：solution, measure, way, means, 观点类：view, opinion, attitude, advice, suggestion, tip, instruction. 对比类：advantage, disadvantage, difference, similarity, 结论类：conclusion, result, consequence, 意义类：meaning, significance, importance等等。以上这些还不够，在平常的做题的过程中鼓励学生多收集，多整理，完善自己的词汇库。总之，通过任务型阅读，可以发现对核心语法的再梳理不能忽视，动词、非谓语动词、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句是重点，同时要让学生继续加强对单词的巩固和记忆，强调记忆的准确性，争取避免学生熟悉的单词拼写错误。 “任务型阅读”解题技巧和案例分析请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。Traveling on the Information SuperhighwayIn the early 1990s, few people outside of governments and universities had ever heard the term internet. The World Wide Web was in its infancy（初期）, Back then if you said to someone, “Send me an e-mail with directions to your house.” All you would have received is a puzzled look . Technology has come a long way since those days. Today, the Internet connects millions of computers around the globe, making a worldwide exchange of information possible.The Internet is often called the “information superhighway.” Thats because vast amounts of information travel over it. If you searched the word grasshopper, for instance, you would have thousands of sites to look at. Some sites would give information on these insects. Other sites would be companies with “grasshopper” in their names. Still other sites might want to sell you books about grasshoppers.In addition to information, the Internet also offers one of the greatest inventions in communications, electronic mail, or e-mail for short. E-mail is the brainchild of a shrewd（精明的）man named Ray Tomlison. He developed the program and sent himself the first e-mail in 1974. He isnt sure, but he thinks his first message was QWERTYUIOP （ the top row of letters on a key-board）. As a result of Tomlinsons invention of e-mail, the way in which the world communicates has changed. Thanks to e-mail, you can communicate with a student in London and find out how his weather experiment is going. E-mail has also changed the speed with which we exchange information. In minutes, you can contact another person who shares your love of kites or stamps. Your aunt and uncle can send you pictures of their new puppy without ever leaving their home. If you are sick and cant attend school, your teacher can e-mail you the assignments you have missed. You can even send e-mail to a grasshopper expert and ask questions for a research paper.However, there is one big disadvantages when you use e-mail. Unlike a letter you send through the mail, e-mail is NOT private. It can be reviewed by anyone with access to your receivers computer. Your receiver could also forward it to other peopleso be careful. Do not say anything in an e-mail that you wouldnt say in front of crowd!The internetThe internet offers information to us.The internet enables us to （1） in a new way.We can （2） information throughout the world, because the internet can connect millions of computers.The internet is often called the “information super high-way”,because vast amount of information travel over it.Thanks to （3） , we can keep in touch with others wherever we are.It has changed（4） of talking. Through it, we can talk with our students in London about the weather experiment.It has also enables us to exchange information at （5） speed than traditional communicative methods. Within a short time, it lets us （6） mother person who has internet in （7） . It also helps us to send information without leaving home.（8） the advantages, we should （9） when using it. Because it may not be （10） if someone has access to our receivers computer. 第一步，认真审题，明确目具体要求 。 示例1对所填单词的来源没有特殊限制，只要是符合题意和上下文“最恰当”的单词。请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。也就是说，完全可以从原文中直接获取。也可以使用文章中出现的词汇。第二步，观察题目，尽量获取有效信息。任务型阅读答题时间为15分钟。对于大多数考生来说，要在15分之内完成这样一个“读写型”综合能力考查题还是有一定困难的。因此，考生一定要注意提高答题效率。有了这些有效信息和对文章整体结构和中心思想的了解，剩下的只要根据每个空格所在句子中的关键词，有的放矢地到原文找答案就是了。大大提高了答题效率，选词填空的范围大大缩小，难度也就大大降低了。通过观察，题目是以文章结构图呈现的，我们可以快速、清楚地了解到以下几点信息：主干标题The Internet告诉我们，这篇文章主要说明因特网功效和好处；分支结构表明，文章中举出一些事例说明因特网功效和优点；文章最后也提到了因特网带来的问题。第三步，仔细分析提示句（空格所在句子），判断所填词的词性、词形，提高填词的准确性。任务型阅读在题目设置过程中，提示句的提炼十分精要，所包含的信息量很大。因此，根据句式和语法结构来分析提示句能够使我们很容易的推导出所填词的性、形、数。这对精确填词、准确表述有很大帮助。有时甚至可以不看文章，直接根据短语搭配填出答案。当然，笔者并不提倡贸然填词，还是要在看完文章确认之后再下结论。例如样题中各词的词性分别是：（1）动词原形(vi)；（2）动词原形(vt) ；（3）名词；（4）名词；（5）形容词；（6）动词原形(vi)；（7）名词/动名词（8）介词/动名词(vt)；（9）形容词；（10）形容词在了解所要填写词的词性和词形之后，我们选词的范围就大大缩小了。在原文中找到相关信息后，具体填词或表述时，就不容易出错了。第四步，快速阅读文章，有目的地查找相关信息，按照要求规范答题。快速浏览的重点和目的应当是，带着审题时对文章大意和结构的了解以及所获得的问题，以最快的速度到文章相应的位置中搜寻有效信息。浏览文章时，不要过多考虑某些词句的意义，更不必进行细致的语法分析。和欣赏文章不同，我们阅读文章材料的最终目的是解决问题、完成答题任务。所以只要对答题没有太大影响，即使文章中有些词句看不明白也没多大关系。除非某些句子所包含的内容直接影响对文章主旨大意的理解或者对空格填词有重要作用，否则就不需要在这些方面花太多时间。需要注意的是，有些题目可以在原文中直接找出；有些需要在分析原文句子的基础上，结合题目特殊要求，填写出相关的不同词性的派生词、同义词或近义词等等；有些则需要推理；还有些需要进行归纳总结或转述句子，在不失原意的基础上把答案正确表述出来。 例如，第（3）题原文第4段就明显给出答案Thanks to e-mail。而第（1）题题目设置是The Internet enables us to (1)_ in a new way.。所要填写的是一个不及物动词的原形。原文表述：In addition to information, the Internet also offers one of the greatest inventions in communication.。我们需要将原文名词communication改为动词形式communicate即可。这样填词精确到位、符合题意。最后，认真检查，仔细复核校对，认真仔细地填好答案。完成所有答题之后，还需要再次快速读完文章，注意校对各题的答案。查看各题答案是否前后对应，确保与原文无矛盾，同时查看文中是否有疏忽的重要线索。复读检查是做阅读理解题过程中很重要的一环，一定要趁热打铁，及时复查，发现错误、遗漏及时补充，确保万无一失。此外，要检查书写是否工整、清晰。将最终答案填到答题卡上之前，先在草稿纸上打草稿。任务型阅读时主观题，要求考生将自己所学的指示和文章中的信息整合起来，并按要求用书写的形式表达出来。任务型阅读的阅卷标准也将会非常严格。因此考生一定要注意书写正确、工整、容易辨认。如果在经过了一番努力后好不容易得出答案之后，却因为最后没写清楚或者出现笔误而丢了分，那不管前面花了多少工夫也白费了。 英语高考任务型阅读专练四篇 AHow to Make the Most of Your Time Time management is important in our daily life. There never seems to be enough hours in the day to accomplish all you need to do. Here are some tips that might be of some help to you. 1. Set up a plan. Go for a week at a time, and decide the most important ones. Include things you want to accomplish. Focus mostly on the things that are important to you.2. Control your stress. No matter what kind of pressure mounts on you, try to keep cool. Stressing out can lead to an early breakdown, which is definitely counter-productive when you have a list of things to do. Its easier to take a 10-minute break and cool off than to work all week with stress.3. Shut your door. When working under a schedule, perform your important tasks with your door shut to get them done. This will ensure a better quality time to get what needs to be done, done. 4. Focus on one thing at a time. Forget trying to multi-task! You will lose concentration, and it will take you longer to accomplish what you set out to do.5. Just say no. If you are constantly interrupted, and you really dont have the time to help out, just say no. Youre only one person, and you cant save the world by yourself! 6. Stop wasting time on the phone. While talking on the phone, keep your conversations short, and to the point and youll waste much less time.7. Be realistic. You can only do what you can do. Dont set out to accomplish the impossible. Do your best, but keep realistic expectations of yourself. 8. Relax. The most important thing is remember to take time to relax, and regroup. You need a break every now and then to keep working efficiently. Even if its a 10-minute walk, get away from your list and get refreshed. As families today get busier and busier, its important to your own mental health to keep things on track. Dont delay; get your life in order now. Theme: How to Make the Most of Your TimeThere is some _1_ on how to make full use of time l First of all, make a plan for the things you are _2_ to do.l However much pressure you bear, you should try to keep cool; otherwise you will _3_ down sooner or later. l Youd better be _4_ to your tasks with your door closed in order that you can get them done _5_.l Try one thing at a time so that you can _6_ on it. l You can refuse to help others without enough time in order that you can _7_being interruptedl Make a brief talk on the phone so as not to _8_valuable time.l You should not _9_ too much of yourself; its better to do what you can do .l Its important for you to make yourself _10_ in daily life.B How to grow old Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue(过分的) absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. Ones thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is mot always easy; ones own past is a gradually increasing weight.The other thing to be avoided is depending on youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them.I think that a successful old age is easy for whoever has strong impersonal interests involving a proper activity. It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be excised without being oppressive. It is no use telling grownup children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are not capable of impersonal interests, you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children . In that case you must realize that while you can still render(补偿) them material services, such as making them an allowance or knitting them sweaters, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company. Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved a lot, the fear of death is not reasonable. The best way to overcome it is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal. Title: How to grow oldTheme: How to spend a successful old ageTwo _1_ things in old agel Dont be overly _3_ in the past memories, in regrets or in sadness.l Avoid depending on youth in _4_ of sucking vigor from its vitality. After growing up, children _5_ like to live their own lives.Two _2_ to a successful old age u Having strong impersonal interests involving an _6_ activity .a. Experience is really fruitful . b. Wisdom can be excised without being oppressive. c. You should be _7_ about children, or they wont enjoy your _8_.u Being brave to be _9_ with death.a. There is nothing to fear because old people have experienced joys and sorrows in life. b. The best way to overcome fear of death is to _10_ wide interests. CI dont believe that there is a secret for success. Instead, I believe success is the result of a combination of different factors. The more factors you have on your side, the more likely you are to succeed, and positive attitude is just one of those factors. Here are another seven factors that are also important. Knowledge Knowledge is one of the key building blocks of success. You can try out the foundational materials and push yourself into challenging areas to build your knowledge. Natural talent Some people are born with a quality to succeed in certain areas. Find this out for yourself by trying different activities. The things you do with little effort are likely near your natural talent, and natural talent combined with hard work leads to greatness. Clear goals Much like a trip, its easier to get where you want to go if you know where youre going. Keep your goal in mind, and then take actions to move towards it. PassionA desire to dig deep into a particular area is often a sign that youll find success there. Much as with your natural talent, the way to find your passion is to touch on different areas and see what job you are fit for. Great effort Hard work is another key to finding success. If you want to succeed in a certain area, work hard in that area and go beyond what others are doing - Practice is one big key. LuckLuck also plays an important role in success - sometimes things just click due to forces beyond your control. You can improve your luck by making as many strong personal contacts as you can in order to increase “luck”.Support Along with luck comes support- the fact that others are working in small ways to help you succeed rather than block you. A partner telling you that you can do this will go a lot further than a partner telling you youll never make it. ThemeSuccess is the result of _1_ many different factors The Elements of Success Positive attitudeIt is one of the most important factors for success. Knowledge Rich knowledge is one of the key building blocks of success. Therefore , you should _ 2_ a good foundation in the area where you hope to be_3_Natural talent People of _4_ are more likely to succeed in their career than ordinary people.Clear goals Clear goals contribute to _5_ your dream.Passion Passion and natural talent play the _6_ role in finding success.Greateffort Being _7_ is another key to finding success . In order to succeed ,you should practice as _8_ as possible. Luck Many strong personal _9_ can improve your luck.support A partner who often encourages you is better _10_ than a partner who discourages you . The family sphere(范围) used to be defined by its isolation from the public realm. There was the public male realm（领域）of rational accomplishment and cruel competition, and the private female and child-rearing sphere of home, intuition（直觉）and emotion. The private realm was supposed to be isolated from the realities of adult life. For both better and worse, television and other electronic media tend to break down the difference between those two worlds. The membrane around the family sphere is much more permeable(可渗透的). TV takes public events and transforms them into dramas that are played out in the privacy of our living rooms, kitchens and bedrooms. Parents used to be the channel through which children learned about the outside world. They could decide what to tell their children and when to tell it to them. Since children learn to read in stages, books provide a kind of natural screening process, where adults can decide what to tell and not tell children of different reading abilities. Television destroyed the system that separated adult from child knowledge and separated information into year-by-year slices for children of different ages. Instead, it presents the same information directly to children of all ages, without going through adult filters. So television presents a real challenge to adults. While a parent can read a newspaper without sharing it with children in the same room, television is accessible to everyone in that space. And unlike books, television doesnt allow us to flip（翻转）through it and see whats coming up. We may think were giving our children a lesson in science by having them watch the Challenger take off, and then suddenly they learn about death, disaster and adult mistakes. Books allow adults to discuss privately what to tell or not tell children. This also allows parents to keep adult material secret from children and keep their secret keeping secret. Take that same material and put it on The Today Show and you have 800,000 children hearing the very things the adults are trying