出国旅游英语总括-打印版必备学习.doc

美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释 (Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤， 大纲是论文、报告的骨干， Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。 就算是小报告，也至少应含 (一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期 (二)Summary： 即主要的结论 (三)Introduction：包括理论背景及内容 (四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。 (五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论 (六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项 美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。 论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。出国旅游英语总括：问候，感谢，交际，询问 游客问讯用语 搭乘飞机用语 澳洲式英文 航班中转用语 搭乘交通工具用语 入境检查对话 酒店用语 入关检查用语 餐馆用语 机场取行李用语 观光用语 入关检查用语 购物用语 兑换外币用语 紧急情况用语 问候、感谢、交际、询问 Good morning 早晨好！ I dont know 我不知道 Hello 你好！ I cant speak English 我不懂英文 Good evening 晚上好！ Yes , Please 请 Good bye 再见！ Excuse me 劳驾 See you later 再见！ I am sorry 对不起 Good night 晚安! Could you do me a favor? 能够帮我忙吗？ Take care 保重！ Please say it again 请再说一次 How are you? 你好吗？ Anyway 总之 Fine. Thank you 谢谢你，我很好！ Of course 当然 Have a nice trip 祝你旅途平安！ By the way 顺便提一下 my name is - 我叫- if 如果，假设 May I have you name? 请问你贵姓？ Besides 另外，况且 Nice to see you 很高兴认识你。 Actually 实际上 Thank you very much 谢谢！ May I smoke here? 能在这里吸烟吗？ Thank you for your help 谢谢你的帮助。 May I use this phone? 能够使用电话吗？ You are welcome 不用谢。 May I sit here? 能够坐在这里吗？ Thats right 你说的对 May I ask something? 我想问点事情 Yes, I think so 我也这样认。 Is there a police station here? 附近有警察局吗？ Where is the toilet 厕所在哪里？ What time is it now? 现在几点了？ Where are you from? 你是从哪里来的？ I am tired 我很累 Whom should I ask to? 我应该问谁？ As soon as possible 近快- What is this for? 这是做什么的？ Please help me 请帮助我 It is important 这非常重要 I feel sick 我感觉不舒服 Im in a hurry 我时间很急 Im lost 我迷路了 搭乘飞机用语 Where is my seat? 我的座位在哪里？ Seat number 座位号码 Where should I put this? 手提行李放在哪里？ Airline ticket 飞机票 Could you change my seat,please? 请换一换我的座位 boarding pass 登机牌 May I have tea/coffee/juice/water? 请给我来杯茶 emergency exit 紧急出口 Beer, please 请给我来杯啤酒 life jacket 救生衣 Will this flight get there on time? 航班正点到达吗？ This form? 这张表格？ Aisle(window) seat 靠走廊（窗户）位 take-off 起飞 Could you tell me how to fill in 请告诉我如何填写 Landing 著陆 航班中转用语 How long will we stop here? 我们在这里停留多久？ Are there any duty-free shops in the waiting room? 在侯机室有免税店吗？ Im in transit to Melbourne 我是换机去墨尔本 How can I get to the connecting flight counter of China airline? 我如何找到中国航空公司办理转机柜台？ Where is boarding gate for China airline CA173? 国航CA173登机口在哪里？ Where can I check in? 在哪里办理登机手续？ What is the gate number? 在几号登机口登机？ 入境检查对话 问： May I see your passport, please ? 请出示你的护照 答： here is my passport. 这是我的护照 问： Whats the purpose of your visit ? 你到澳洲的目的？ 答： Sightseeing (business, study) 观光（商务，留学） 问： How long will you be staying in Australia ? 你计划在澳洲逗留多久？ 答： 10 days 10天 问： where are you staying ? 你住在哪里？ 答： Ill stay at Hyatt hotel ? 我住在凯悦酒店 问： Do you have a return ticket to Taiwan ? 你有回台湾的返程机票吗？ 答： Yes, here it is. 有， 在这里 问： How much money do you have with you ? 你随身带了多少钱？ 答： I have 2000 U.S dollars 2000美元 问： Have a nice stay 祝你在澳洲旅行愉快！ 答： Thank you. 谢谢！ Im sorry. I dont understand English 对不起，我不懂英文。 Does anyone here speak Chinese? 有懂中文的工作人员吗？ 入关常用词 Immigration 入境检查 duty-free items 免税品 Passport control 护照检查 Quarantine 检疫 Outgoing passenger card 入境登记卡 Residents 本国居民 Ongoing passenger card 出境登记卡 Non-residents 外国居民 Customs declaration card 海关申报单 Visa 签证 Currency declaration 现金申报单 Destination 目的地 A gift for my friend 送给朋友的礼物 Valid (invalid) 有效（无效） Chinese medicine 中药 Cash 现金 Prohibited articles 违禁品 Yellow card 健康卡 机场取行李用语 Where can I get my baggage? 我去哪里取行李？ Here is my claim tag 这是我的托运 行李卡 Could you please check it urgently? 请抓紧时间找我的行李 How many pieces of baggage have you lost? 你丢失了几件行李？ Can you tell me the features of your baggage? 请描绘你所丢失的行李的外表特徵 It is a large leather suitcase with my name tag 是一件大的皮箱，挂有我名字的标签 We may have lost some baggage so wed like to make a lost baggage report. 我想填写一份丢失行李登记单 How soon will I find out? 需要多长时间可以找到我的行李 Please deliver the baggage to my hotel as soon as youve located it 找到行李后，请尽快送到我的酒店。 入关检查用语 Your passport and declaration card, please 请出示你的护照和海关申报单 Do you have anything to declare? 你携带的东西有必须申报的吗 ？ No. I dont 没有 Please open this bag 请打开这件行李 What are these? 这是什?东西？ These are for my personal use 这是我的个人用品 This is a souvenir that Im taking to China 这是我带会中国的纪念品 Do you have any liquor or cigarettes? 你带有任何酒类或香烟吗？ The cameras are for my personal use 这架照相机是我自用的 Youll have to pay duty on this 这件物品你必须交纳关税 兑换外币用语 Where can I change money? 我在哪里可以兑换外币？ Can you change this into Australian Dollars? 请将这些外币兑换成澳元？ What is the exchange rate ? 兑换率是多少？ Do you accept travelers checks? 你这里接受旅行支票吗？ Id like to cash this travelers check 请将这些旅行支票换成现金 Id like some small change? 请将大钞换成零钱 May I have a statement of accounts? 请给我兑换发票 Exchange of foreign currency 外币兑换 游客问讯用语 Where is the tourist information centre ? 请问旅游问讯处在哪里？ Is there an airport bus to the city ? 这里有从机场去市中心的巴士吗 ？ Where is the bus stop (taxi stand) ? 巴士车站在哪里 ？ How much does it cost to the city centre by taxi ? 乘计程车到市中心需要多少钱 ？ How can I get to Hilton hotel ? 去希尔顿酒店怎么走 ？ May I have a city map ? 请给我一张市区地图？ Can I reserve a hotel here ? 我可以在这里预订酒店吗 ？ How much is it ? 多少钱 ？ Keep the change, please 不用找钱了 Take me to this address, please 请拉我去这个地址 How long does it take to go to the city centre ? 到市中心需要多长时间？ Stop here, please 请停下来。 What time does it leave ? 几点发车？ Where can I get a ticket ? 在哪里卖票？ Could you tell me when we get there ? 请问几点能够到达那里。 澳洲式英文 中文 美语 澳洲英文 租车 rent (rental) car hire car 行李 baggage luggage 电梯 elevator lift 分配座位 seat assjgnment seat allocation 长途电话 long distance call trunk call 占线 line is busy line is engaged 汽油 gas (gasoline) petrol 超车 passing overtaking 让车 yield give way 公寓 apartment flat 炸薯条 french fry chips 一点 a little a little bit 喂，你好 hello Gday 你好 How do you do ? How are you going ? 交通工具用语 Where is the railway station? 火车站在哪？ Melbourne central station, please. 墨尔本中心火车站 How much is it? 多少钱？ Is there a bus that goes to Melbourne central station? 有去墨尔本中心火车站的巴士吗？ What station does the train for Melbourne leave from? 去墨尔本的火车是从那一站离开的 Where is the ticket office? 卖票的地方在哪？ A ticket to Melbourne, please. 一张去墨尔本的票 One way or a round trip ticket? 单程还是环程票 Second class one way, please 二等单程 Are there reserved seats on the train? 火车上设有座位预留吗？ I dont think its necessary, as the train wont be crowded. 我想没有必要，因为火车不是很挤 Can I stop over on the way? 我可以中途下车吗？ Can I have a second-class ticket to Melbourne, please? 一张2等票去墨尔本 Are there any discount tickets for me? 我买票有折扣吗？ May I see a timetable? 我可以看看时间表吗？ Does this train run everyday? 这天天通火车吗？ Id like to go to Melbourne tomorrow. What time is there a train? 我想明天去墨尔本，几点的火车？ Is there a train that goes any faster? 有更快的车吗？ From which station does the train leave? 火车从哪站出发？ At which window can I make a reservation? 在哪个窗口我可以做预订 Id like to reserve a seat on this train 我想要订个座位 Id like to reserve a sleeper to Melbourne 我想订张去墨尔本的卧铺 Id like the upper (the lower) berth. 我想要个上层（下层）的 Are any reserved seats available? 可以预订座位吗？ Id like to change my reservation 我想改变我的预订 Do I need a reservation? 我需要预订吗？ Smoking (non-smoking) car, please 吸烟（非吸烟）车厢 How long is the ticket valid? 车票多长时间有效？ What time does the first (last/next) train to Melbourne leave? 什么时候第一辆（最后一辆/下一辆）车从墨尔本出发 Is it a direct train? 有直达车吗？ Is there a connection to Melbourne? 有去墨尔本的联运吗？ Do I have to change train? 我还需要换车吗？ Will the train leave on schedule? 火车准时出发吗？ What time does the train arrive in Melbourne? 火车几点到墨尔本 Are there any express train? 有特快列车吗？ Where does the train go to? 这辆车是去哪的？ Does the train split up? 列车会分离吗？ Is there a dining (sleeping) car on the train? 这有餐车（卧铺）车厢吗？ Does this train stop at Melbourne? 火车在墨尔本停吗？ Is there a direct train to Melbourne? 有直达去墨尔本的火车吗？ Where do I change trains? 我在哪换车？ How long does it take to get to Melbourne? 多长时间能到墨尔本？ What platform does the train leave from? 火车从哪个站台出发 Is this the right platform for the train to Melbourne? 这个是去墨尔本的站台吗？ How long does it take to go to Melbourne? 去墨尔本需要多长时间？ Do I have to change trains to go to Melbourne? 去墨尔本我需要换车吗？ Can you help me with these bags? 你能帮我看一下包吗？ Does the train to Melbourne shop at this station? 去墨尔本的火车在这站停吗？ How many more minutes will it take for the train to arrive? 还有多长时间火车能到？ Is this the train to Melbourne? 这是去墨尔本的火车吗？ Excuse me. May I get by？ 打扰一下，我能过去吗？ Is this seat taken? 这座有人吗？ May I sit here? 我可以座这吗？ I think this is my seat 我想这是我的座位。 May I smoke? 我可以吸烟吗？ Do I need a reservation for the dining car? 我需要订餐厅的座位吗？ Could I reserve a table at 7 oclock? 我可以在7点订桌吗？ Can I stop over with this ticket? 我可以中途下车吗？ This car does to Melbourne, doesnt it? 这是去墨尔本的车，对吗？ Does this car go to Melbourne? 这车去墨尔本吗？ May I open the window? 我可以打开窗户吗？ What is the next stop? 下一站是什么？ How long does this train stop there? 车在这停多长时间？ Could you let me know before we get to Melbourne? 到墨尔本之前可以告诉我一下吗？ What time do we get to Melbourne? 我们什么时间到墨尔本？ What station is this? 这站是哪里？ Where is the sleeping car? 卧铺在哪里？ Where is my berth? 我的床铺在哪里？ Could you make up my berth? 可以整理一下我的床铺吗？ Could you make me up at 7 oclock tomorrow morning? 明早7点能叫我起床吗？ I lost my ticket. What should I do? 我丢了我的票，我该怎么办？ Can I cancel this ticket? 我能取消这张票吗？ Id like to change this ticket to the first class. 我想换成头等票 I missed my station. 我找不到火车站拉 I missed my train. 我找不到火车拉 I left something on the train. 我忘了些东西在火车上 Please validate my pass 请确认我的通行证 Id like to start using this pass for 45 days from the day after tomorrow. 我开始用这张通行证在45天之间 Can I get on this train with this ticket? 我可以用这张票上车吗？ Where is ABC office? ABC 办公室在哪？ Do I need a reservation? 我需要预订吗？ I have an Apass 我有A票 Could you issue the supplement coupons 你们发行增刊的优待券吗？ Where is the bus depot for the ABC buses? ABC线路的巴士站在哪里？ Where is the ticket office? 卖票的地方在哪里？ To Melbourne, please 到墨尔本，谢谢 Can I get a ticket on the bus? 我能上车买票吗？ What time does the bus for Melbourne leave? 墨尔本出发的巴士是几点？ How long does it take to get to Melbourne? 去墨尔本多长时间？ Do I have to transfer? 我还得换车吗？ Where can I check my baggage? 在哪里可以检查我的行李 Could I keep this baggage? 我能带者这些行李吗？ Which gate does the bus for Melbourne leave from 从墨尔本出发的车在几号门？ Which bus goes to Melbourne? 哪辆车去墨尔本 What time does next bus leave? 下一辆车什么时候出发？ Is this seat taken? 这个座有人吗？ May I sit next to you? 我可以做你旁边吗？ Where should I put my baggage? 我的行李应该放在哪里？ What time does this bus leave? 巴士什么时候离开？ Where is the rest room? 洗手间在哪里？ How long does the bus stop here? 巴士在这挺多久？ Ill get off here 我在这里下车 Ill take the next bus. 我要坐下辆车 May I have a bus route map? 可以给我张巴士线路图吗？ May I see the time table? 我可以看一下时刻表吗？ Is there a bus to Melbourne? 有去墨尔本的巴士吗？ Where should I transfer? 我应该在哪转站？ Where can I buy a ticket? 我在哪能买着票？ How long does it take to get there on foot? 步行去那里需要多长时间？ Which bus goes to the airport? 哪辆车去飞机场？ Does this bus go to Melbourne? 这是去墨尔本的巴士吗？ How much is it to Melbourne? 去墨尔本多少钱？ Transfer ticket, please 换车票 How many stops to Melbourne? 去墨尔本要停多少站？ Id like to get off at Melbourne 我在墨尔本站下车 Could you tell me when to get off? 能告诉我什么时候下车吗？ How can I get the bus to stop? 我怎么能让巴士停下来？ Ill get off at the cathedral. 在教堂前我要下车 Ill get off here 我在这下车 May I have a subway map? 我可以看一下地铁线路图吗？ Which line should I change trains to go to Melbourne? 去墨尔本我应该换哪条线？ Which exit should I take for Melbourne central station? 我从哪个出口走在墨尔本中心火车站？ Is the next station Melbourne central station? 下一站是墨尔本中心火车站吗？ Where is the taxi stand? 哪有出租车站台？ Could you call a taxi for me? 你能为我叫辆出租车吗？ Where can I catch a taxi? 我在哪能赶上出租车？ Where to? 去哪里？ How much does it cost to zoo? 去动物园多少钱？ Could you take me to Melbourne and bring me back? 你能带我去墨尔本在接我回来吗？ Could you turn on the heating (air-conditioning)? 你可以把暖风（空调）打开吗？ Could you help me carry my baggage? 你能帮我搬行李吗？ To this place, please 去这里 Im in a hurry 我有急事 Could you give me a brief tour of the city, please? 你能带我去市中心大概转一下吗？ Would you wait for me? 可以等我吗？ Could you drive more slowly 可以开的慢点吗？ Please turn to the right (left) 请右（左）转 Shop here, please 停这里 How much is it? 多少钱？ The fare is different from the meter. 收费和仪表盘上的不一样 Thank you。 Keep the change. 谢谢，不用找拉。 What kind of excursion cruises are there on the river 在这条河上有什么样的游览船？ How many cruises are there each day? 这里一天有多少游览船？ Where can I board the ship? 我在哪里上船？ How long does it take to there and come back? 来回需要多长时间？ What time does the next ship leave? 下一班船什么时候出发？ Is there a moonlight cruise tonight? 有夜间的游览船吗？ Does the fare include meal? 费用包括吃的吗？ What time do we board? 我们什么时候上船？ What time does the ship leave? 这艘船什么时候出发？ Where is my cabin? 我的船室在哪？ How long does it take to south bank? 去南岸需要多长时间？ At which port do we stop? 我们在哪个码头停靠？ Can I reserve a deck chair? 我可以预订一张甲板上的椅子吗？ From what time can I have breakfast? 什么时候可以吃早餐？ How long do we stop here? 我们在这里停靠多久？ Id like to do some sightseeing while the ship is in port 当船靠港的时候，我想看看周围的景色 Im seasick, may I have some medicine? 能给我些药吗，我晕船 Could you call a doctor, please? 能帮我找个医生吗？ Id like to rent a car, please 我想要租一辆汽车。 Where can I rent a car? 在哪里我可以租到车？ I have a reservation. 我做了预订。 This is my voucher. 这是我的凭证。 What kind of cars do you have? 你们有什么样的车？ Id like an automatic (a compact/a sports) car 我想要辆自动档（轻便/运动）车 May I see the rate list? 我可以看下费用单吗？ Id like to see the car before I rent it. 我想在租之前看下车 Id like to rent this type of car for 3 days. 我想租这种车3天 Do you have any special rates? 你们有特价吗？ What is the rate per day (week)? 每天（周）怎么收费？ How much does it cost for 3 days? 3天的费用是多少？ Is the mileage free? 公里数是免费的吗？ Does it include gas? 包括汽油吗？ No. Fill the gas when you return the car. 不。 还车的时候请加满油 Does the price include insurance? 保险在这费用中吗？ Can I drive a car with my Chinese driving license? 我可以用中国的驾照开车吗？ Do you want insurance? 你想要保险吗？ Id like full insurance. 我想要全额保险 This is my international driving permit. 这是我的国际驾照。 Please write down your home address 请写下你的家庭住址 Where are you staying? 你在哪里暂住？ Please send the car to Boston Hotel tomorrow morning 明天早上请把车送到波士顿酒店。 When do I have to return the car? 什么时候我还车？ Can I drop it off at my destination? 我能把车放在我的目的地吗？ Can I drop it off in Melbourne? 我能把车放在墨尔本吗？ How much do you charge for dropping off the car? 你们取车需要收费多少？ Do I have to pay a deposit? 我需要支付押金吗？ Please tell me some places to call in case of trouble. 请告诉我一旦发生紧急情况我应该给谁打电话 May I have a road map? 能给我张道路地图吗？ Is there a gas station around here? 这附近有加油站吗？ Fill it up, please 请加满油 Ten dollars of gas, please 10圆钱 How can I use this gasoline pump? 如何使用这个油泵啊？ Could you check the battery (brake fluid)? 你能检查一下电池（刹车油）？ The clutch isnt working right 离合器片没有正常工作 The car makes a strange noise. 车发出奇怪的声音 I have a flat tire. 我有一个瘪胎 My car has broken down. 我的车抛锚拉 Could you show me on the map where I am? 能告诉我在地图上的什么位置吗？ Where is the nearest motel around here? 这里最近的旅店在哪？ Where can I park? 我可以停在这吗？ Please call the police. 请叫警察 Please call an ambulance. 请叫救护车 Where is the nearest telephone? 最近的电话在哪？ 酒店用语 Can I reserve a hotel room here? 我能预订一个房间吗？ Id like to reserve a hotel room for tonight. 我想今天晚上预订一个房间。 Do you have a hotel guide? 你有酒店指南吗？ Can you recommend a hotel which is not too expensive? 你能推荐一个经济点的酒店吗？ Is there a hotel which costs under 50 dollars a night？ 这有一个低于每晚50圆的酒店吗？ Could you recommend a hotel in the city centre? 你能推荐一个在市中心的酒点吗？ Id like to stay at a hotel near the station. 我想住在火车站附近的酒店。 Id like a room with bath 我想要一间有浴室的房间。 How much is the room charge? 这间房间收费多少？ How much is a single room with a bath? 带浴室的单人间收费多少？ Id like a room with a shower. 我想要一个可以冲凉的房间。 Id like a twin room 我想要一个双人间 Ill take that room 我想要那间房 Id like to stay for 2 nights. 我要住两晚 How much is it per night? 每晚多少钱？ Does it include tax and service charge? 这包括税和服务费吗？ Is breakfast included? 包括早餐吗？ Do you need a deposit? 需要押金吗？ Is there a discount for staying several days? 多住几天有折扣吗？ Can you recommend another hotel? 你能推荐另一间酒店吗？ Do you know any cheaper hotels? 你知道有便宜点的酒店吗？ Where is the hotel? 这个酒店在哪里？ How can I get there? 我怎么到那里？ How long does it take on foot? 步行需要多长时间？ Is there a youth hotel here? 这有青年旅社吗？ Can I have a youth hotel list? 能给我一张青年旅社的清单吗？ Ill arrive late, but please keep my reservation. 我会晚到，但请保留我的预订。 Check in, please 登记 I made a reservation in Tokyo 我在东京做