高中英语状语从句学案.doc

高考英语语法学案2013/7/26专题四状语从句英语中的状语从句用来修饰谓语或者整个主句按照功能可以分为：时间状从，地点状从，原因状从，结果状从，条件状从，目的状从，让步状从，方式状从，比较状从。1、时间状语从句（1）when、while、 as用法一览表。类别作 用例 句when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)注意：when表“突然”whilewhile意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot. (用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁”)asas表“当的时候”和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。还表示“一边一边”“随着”She came up as I was cooking.(同时)The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)（2）引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：as soon as ， directly, immediately, the moment, the minute 一就As soon as I have finished it , Ill give yu a call.He made for the door directly he heard the knock.hardly / scarcely when, no sooner than,表示“一就”We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.till, not until , until, before, since before 用法 not until 强调，倒桩 since用法Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. Not until years later could I realize the value of that kind of giving.He waited for his father until(till)it was twelve oclock. It was not until years later that I could realize the value of that kind of givingShe has been ill since she came back.谓语非延续，It is/ has been +一段时间+since从句非延续，自。以来，已经有。年。区分：It is two years since he began to smoke.It is two years since he smoked 肯定句：一段时间，距离+before 过了多久才？It will be five years before he returns from England. Before :1和we waited along ime ,before he came out.否定句一段时间、距离+ before 过不了多久就It wont be five years before he returns from England.还没有，还没来得及 ，免得 he died before he wrote a wil l.I must write it down before I forget,.each time, every time, by the timeEach time he came to my city, he would call on me.注意：表示未来情况，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。2、地点状语从句：where, whereverMake a mark wherever you have any questions.We will go where the Party directs us.3、原因状语从句：because, as, since=now that（1）表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。You want to know why Im leaving? Im leaving because Im full.for虽然表示不知道的原因，但其语气较because要弱得多，是可说可不说的话，它只能置于主句之后，这时，for是并列连词。如：Its morning now, for the birds are singing.（很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。）（2）表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于语句之前。Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, lets start.”Nowthat/Since no one is against art, lets carry out the plan.4. 条件状语从句：if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that. in case, once一旦 注意if与unless的区别In case anything important happens，please call me up.My parents dont mind what job I do as long as I am happy.You can go swimming on condition that you dont get too far from the river bank._ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.A. unless B. Although C. Before D. Once5、结果状语从句： so that, so that, such that 注意：so + 形容词/副词 + that从句；such +名词 + that从句。6、目的状语从句： so that, in order that, for fear that in case注意：目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句。不可置于句首。He studied hard so that he might succeed.Come early In order that you may see him.I dare not go out for fear that he might see me.7. 让步状语从句（1）although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用。Although they are poor, they are warm-hearted.（2）even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，“纵然”. Ill get there even if(though)I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.（3）while 虽然While he is very young, he knows a lot of knowledge .(4)whetheror; whether(.).or notWhether or not he agreed with Johns views, many of them thought deeply.Whether we go to your place or stay here, weve still got to find something to eat.（5）no matter+who、what、where、how等疑问词，=该疑问词+ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。Dont trust him, no matter what / whatever he says.Whoever breaks the law will be published.No matter how hard the work is, youd better try to do it well.（6）as也可以引导让步状语从句。要用倒装。Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.Much as I like it, I wont buy.Try as he would, he couldnt lift the heavy box.7、方式状语从句：as, as if(though)Ill do as I am told to.It looks as if it is going to rain.9.比较状语从句：than, as注意：状语从句中从句的省略现象（1）连接词 + 过去分词Dont speak until spoken to.Pressure can be increased when needed.Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.（2）连词 +现在分词Look out while crossing the street.（3）连词 + 形容词/其他常见的有if necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。高考真题探究（20062011年）时间状从08辽宁I used to love that film_I was a child, but I dont feel it that way any more.A.once B.when C.since D.although【2011浙江卷 4】One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _my daughter heard cries for help.A. afterB. whileC. sinceD. when06湖南I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel_I heard the steps. A.while B.when C.since D.after07江西He was told that it would be at least three more months_he could recover and return to work.A.when B.before C.since D.that07安徽The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _we meet them again.A.after B.before C.since D.when100陕西John thinks it wont be long _he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since09上海You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card.A. before B. if C. while D. as06四川-Why didnt you tell him about the meeting？ -He rushed out of the room_I could say a word.A.before B.until C.when D.after07天津It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life_weve actually had that lesson.A.until B.after C.since D.when【2011上海卷 36】If a lot of people say a film is not good, I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait _ it comes out on DVD.A. whetherB. afterC. thoughD. until06广东“You cant have this football back_you promise not to kick it at my cat again.” the old man said firmly. A.because B.since C.when D.untilIt was back home after the experiment.A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didnt goC. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt goAs is reported, it is 100 years _Qinghua University was founded. A. when B. before C. after D. since【2011辽宁卷 29】He had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering.A. since B. as C. when D. than原因状从08北京Did you return Freds call? I didnt need to _Ill see him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. because06广东Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, _this was a memory she especially treasured.A.as B.if C.when D.where条件状从07上海Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water_they are not managed carefully.A.though B.before C.until D.if08全国Have you got any idea for the summer ?I dont mind where we go_theres sun, sea and beach.A.as if B.as long as C.now that D.in order that09陕西My parents dont mind what job I do _I am happy.A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though08天津Well have a picnic in the park this Sunday _it rains or its very cold. A.since B. if C. unless D. until08全国A small car is big enough for a family of three_you need more space for baggage.A.once B.because C.if D.unless06江苏_environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem（生态系统）to recover.A.Even if B.If only C.While D.Once让步状从【2011全国卷II 19】It was a nice meal, _a little expensive. A. though B. whether C. as D. since【2011四川卷 4】Frank insisted that he was not asleep _ I had great difficulty in waking him up. A. whether B. although C. for D. so【2011天津卷 5】_ regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless10湖南Tim is in good shape physically _ he doesnt get much exercise. A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as07浙江Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _they knew it to be valuable.A.as if B.now that C.even thoughD.so that【2011北京卷 29】_ volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball. A. SinceB. OnceC. UnlessD. While【2011陕西卷 19】_all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for t