Unit 3 1 教学设计.doc

Unit 3 Looking good, feeling good (1) 教学设计I.词语辨析1. another / other / more：再、又、另 another：与数词连用，应放于数词前面。 e.g. another three days other：与数词连用，应放于数词后面，名词前面。 e.g. three other days more：与数词连用，应放于数词后面，名词前面或后面。e.g. three more days = three days more2. priceless / valueless / worthless priceless：无价的、宝贵的 e.g. Your advice is priceless to all of us. valueless：没有价值的、毫无用处的 e.g. This ring is made of brass. It is valueless. worthless：毫无价值、无用 e.g. That piece of land he bought proved to be worthless.3. contain / include contain：vt. 包括(全部)、含有(成分)、容纳 e.g. This book contains 12 units. Sea water contains salt. This hall can contain 2000 people altogether. include：vt. 包括(部分) e.g. The cost includes postage.This book includes an article of Luxuns. 注：including：prep. 包含 e.g. There are 12 units in this book， including one of mine.included：adj. 包含 e.g. There are 12 units in this book， one of mine included.4. lift / raise / rise：提高、上升 lift：vt./vi. 主语可以是人，也可以是物；通常指克服重力提升某一事物。 e.g. I cant lift this bag， its too heavy. raise：vt. 主语通常是人，表示“人为地使某物提升”，也可以表示抽象事物“提高”。e.g. The students raised their hands. He had his pay raised. rise：vi. 主语通常是物，表示自然或非主观因素的提升。表示“人为地使某物提升”，也可以表示抽象事物“提高”。e.g. Prices have risen recently but they may fall again.5. wear / be dressed in / be in / have on / put on / dress wear： e.g. The boy wore an old jacket today.“穿着”，表 be dressed in： Girls like to be dressed in red.“穿”的状态 have on： The poor man had only a shirt on. be in： The poor man was almost in rags.“穿”，表 put on： e.g. Put on your overcoat. Its cold outside.“穿”的动作 dress：接人作宾语。 e.g. Please get up and dress (yourself) quickly.“穿着”，作 wearing e.g. The girl wearing red is my sister.定语使用 dressed in The man dressed in yellow is Wudong.in e.g. The lady in white is a nurse in this hospital.6. however / but：表示转折。 however：但是、然而，可置于句首、句中或锯末，要用“，”与句子的其它成分分开。 e.g. However， he was late again. =He， however， was late again = He was late again， however. but：但是、不过、除了，可置于句首或句中，不用标点符号与句子的其它成分相隔。 e.g. But you have never told me about it before. Everybody but you has finished his homework， so you should be quick. but可以和其它的此构成一定的搭配： all but：除了都； anything but：决不、远非； but for：要不是、多亏；cannot but do：不得不去做； nothing but：只不过是7. damage / destroy damage：可用作名词， e.g. The strong wind caused terrible damage to the crops. 还可作及物动词，表示不同程度的损害、毁坏，但不是毁灭性的，可以修复。 e.g. The flood damaged several bridges over the river.destroy：只能作及物动词，不作名词用。一般指毁灭性的破坏。e.g. Teachers should encourage not destroy students creative ability.8. work / helpwork：vi. 起作用、有效果e.g. His plan doesnt work in real practice. The medicine will work in half an hour. help：vt. / vi. (事物)起作用 = work、有用，e.g. I told him to listen carefully in class but it wouldnt help. This medicine will help (your headache). help的常用短语：help sb. with sth：帮组某人做某事； sth. help (to) do：某事有助于； cannot help but do：不能不、忍不住； cant help doing禁不住做； help oneself(to)：自己取、拿(物品、食物)； help (sb.) out：帮助脱困9. hear from / hear of / hear hear from sb.：收到某人的来信 e.g. Have you heard from Kate recently？ hear of：(间接地)听说有+ n. e.g. I have heard of him， but never seen him. hear：听到(听的结果)，听说(不可用进行时) + that从句e.g. Did you hear the gunshots last night？ I hear that we will have a sports meeting next week. hear的其它短语有：hear about：听到关于的事； hear out：听到底； make oneself heard：(高声讲话)使自己被别人听到/见10. especially / specially especially：尤其是、特别是，强调在许多中突出一个或一部分。 e.g. This dictionary is very useful to students， especially senior students. specially：特别地、专门地，强调一件事或一个动作的目的所在。 I came here specially to see my old class teacher.11. as / like as：1) conj. (像)与一样、随着、因为、当时候，+ 句子e.g. As the Americans like football， the British like soccer. (像一样) As time went on， she became older and older. (随着) As he is blind in both eyes， we help him with the housework. (因为) As she was walking along the street， she was knocked down. (当时候) 2)prep. 作为、充任，+ 名词e.g. As a teacher， you should help the students with their studies. She works as manager of that large department store. like：prep. 像，+ 名词 e.g. What is she like？ She is pretty / thin / kind-hearted / friendly. Its like Tom to do such silly things. Vt. 喜欢、爱好II.重点词语和句型1. weigh：vt. 称重量、考虑、权衡 vi. 有重量。 e.g. The fisherman weighed the fish and it weighed 150 kg. Please weigh your words before you speak.What / How much does he weigh？ weight：n. 重量 e.g. Whats the weight of an elephant？ An elephant may be four tons in weight. weighty：adj. 沉重的、重要的 a weighty / heavy box、weighty / important problems2. exercise：n. (u.)运动、锻炼；(c.)操、练习 e.g. take exercise：进行锻炼；do exercises：做操、做练习 vt. / vi. 运动、锻炼、行使(权力等)e.g. He exercises his pet dog after supper every evening. You should exercise more if you want to keep fit. She exercised her knowledge to solve the problem.3. agree：vi. 同意、赞成 agree with：1)同意某人(的话、意见、观点)e.g. Sorry， I cant agree with you(your words ， what you said)2) 与一致 e.g. What you do should agree with what you say. 3) (气候、食物等)适合人e.g. Cold weather doesnt agree with old man. agree on / about sth.：对意见一致、达成一致看法 e.g. The two sides agree on / about the date of the meeting. agree to sth.：(一方)同意接受(另一方的意见、提议)e.g. Finally I had to agree to her plan. agree to do sth.：同意做某事 e.g. He agreed to give me a hand when I was in trouble. agreement：n. 协议， 常用搭配：come to / reach / arrive at / sign / break an agreement by agreement：约好； in agreement：同意地； in agreement with sb. /sth.：同意4. seldom：adv. 不常、很少。注：1、有否定含义，用在句中，构成否定句。2、Seldom置于句首时，句子要倒装。 e.g. He seldom goes home on Sundays， does he？ Seldom do we see such strange things. 英语中有许多含有否定意思的副词，例如：never、little、few、hardly、not等，它们的用法与seldom类似。5. consider：考虑、再三思考 1) + sth. / doing sth. e.g. We considered his advice and decided to take it. She is considering taking a trip abroad. 2) + sb. / sth. (to be) + adj. / n. e.g. They consider me (to be ) friendly / their good friend. 3) + that e.g. I consider that his words are reasonable. consideration：n. 考虑、深思、研究 take sth. into consideration：对加以考虑 considering：prep. 就而论 e.g. Considering his old age， he is in good health.6. actress：女演员。英语中，有些名词的拼写是分性别的，举例如下： 演员 老虎 侍者 英雄 狮子 母 / 雌的 actress tigress waitress heroine lioness 公 / 雄的 actor tiger waiter hero lion7. effect：n. 影响、效果，常用短语：have / bring / produce no / great / little effect on e.g. What a teacher says will have great effect on the students. affect：vt. 对有影响、发生作用 affect sb. / sth. e.g. The bad weather affected the growth of the crops.8. look：vi. 看、注视，常用短语：look at .；看、眺望； look around：环顾四周； look back on / to：回顾； look after：照顾； look for：寻找； look down upon：瞧不起； look forward to：盼望； look on：旁观； look out看外、小心； look up：抬头看、查(字典)等 link-v. 看起来、看上去，后接形容词或名词。 e.g. She looks (to be) very happy. The man looked ( to be ) a doctor. 另外，英语中还有许多这类词，既可作行为动词，又可作系动词。例如： smell / sound / feel / appear .9. die：vi. 死(亡)、枯萎 e.g. Every thing will die. die的常用短语有：die of：死于疾病(或饥寒)； die from：死于(除疾病以外的其它因素)； die away：(声音、光线、风等)渐息； die out：死绝、(风俗、习惯等)消失； be dying for：渴望、很想+名词 e.g. She is dying for the beautiful necklace.； be dying to do：很想做、渴望做 e.g. I am dying to see the wonderful film. dying：adj. 垂死的、将要死的 e.g. The wounded old man is dying fast. death：n. 死(亡) e.g. Many people died a miserable death in those days. dead：adj. 死去的 e.g. Under the tree we saw some dead insects.10. recover：vt. 取回、收回(遗失之物)、挽回(损失)、恢复 e.g. He recovered his lost money from the police station. (取回、收回)We soon recovered our losses caused by the flood. (挽回)The girl recovered part of her sight after the operation.vi. 与from连用，从中恢复。e.g. They havent recovered from the shock. I recovered from the cold soon. recover oneself：恢复健康、痊愈 recovery：n. e.g. The young man made a quick recovery from his illness.11. build (up)：1) 树立、建立(人格、事业等)e.g. He has built up a good business over the years. 2) 强身健体e.g. Sports and games can build up our bodies You must build up you strength again.12. diet：n. (日常的)饮食，日常食物e.g. We need a balanced diet to stay healthy. n. (为某一目的而进行的)饮食疗法e.g. go on a diet：节食 healthy diet：健康饮食 She is on a low-fat diet. 13. come across：(偶然)遇见、发现e.g. He came across his old friend on the street the other day. I came across this map in a book on the shelf.“遇见”的词组还有：meet with， run into常用的come 短语有很多：come from：来自； come about：产生； come after：跟随； come at：扑向； come back：回来； come down：下来； come in：进来； come to：来到、总计达、醒过来； come up：上升、被提出，等。 14. turn up：出现、到来，把(声音)调高e.g. Please turn up the radio so I can hear clearly. Mr. Wang didnt turn up at the meeting. c.f. turn down：把(声音)调低、把(领子)下翻、拒绝e.g. The baby is sleeping， so better turn down the TV. My request was turned down. turn 的常用短语有：turn off：关； turn on：开； turn out：结果是； turn over：翻过来； turn to求助于； in turn：依次； by turns轮流地； take turns to do sth.：轮流做某事； It is ones turn to do sth.：轮到某人做某事15. pills called Fat-Less：这里的called Fat-Less是过去分词短语，在句中作定语，修饰pills。 分词短语作定语要后置。假如被修饰的名词与分词动作有主动关系，就用现分词短语作定语；假如被修饰的名词与分词动作有被动关系，就用过去分词短语作定语。 e.g. The lady teaching us English literature is from Great Britain.The window broken yesterday is being repaired. 注：单个的分词作定语一般放于被修饰的名词前面。 e.g. the sleeping child， a stolen car16. How / What about. ？(你看)怎么样？表示建议。 e.g. How / What about seeing a film this evening？ How / What about taking a holiday next week？英语中表示提建议的句型还有：Its better to do； Why dont you do？ = Why not do ？等。17. get hurt：受伤。这里的get 是vi.，解释为“被”，相当于be的用法，后面常跟过去分词，形成被动语态。 e.g. get wounded get burnt get caught get injured get lostIII. 语法点拨：非限制性定语从句前面我们主要讲了限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是对先行词的一种限定， 少了这个定语从句， 主句的意思就不完整或没有意思。e.g. A plane is a machine ( that can fly). I thanked the girl (who helped me with my homework )非限制性定语从句， 是对先行词的一种补充说明， 假如没有这个定语从句， 句子的意思仍然完整。非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导， 翻译时应单独译成一句。e.g. Yesterday I bought a pen， which cost me 10 Yuan.(昨天我买了支钢笔，花了10块)She has a son， who is a student. 从含义上讲，限制性定语从句表示被修饰的先行词是众多中的一个或几个；非限制性定语从句表示被修饰的先行词是唯一的一个。请区分: He has a son who is a soldier.(他有个当兵的儿子。表明不止一个儿子) He has a son， who is a soldier.(他有个儿子，是当兵的。表明只有一个儿子) His father， who works in this factory， is 50 years old. ()能否说: “His father who works in this factory is 50 years old.”？ ()注：as， which 引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整个主句，它们本身的含义也是整个主句的含义。在引导非限制性定语从句时，它们的区别是：1、as在非限制性定语从句中作宾语使用；which在非限制性定语从句中作主语。e.g. He was late， as we had expected. He was late， which made the teacher angry.2、as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首、句末； which引导的非限制性定语从句只放于句末，不能放在句首。e.g. As we all know， she is quite good at English. She failed to pass the exam， which surprised all of us.3、假如定语从句中的动词是表示状态的动词(be)， 用as 引导，可作主语；但如果定语从句是否定句，尽管引导词是作宾语的， 则用which 来引导定语从句。 e.g. As is often the case， she made some spelling mistakes again. He became ill， which we hadnt expected. IV巩固练习：1. _ is known to everyone， the moon travels around the earth once every month. A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What2. John said hed been working in the office for an hour， _ was true. A. heB. thisC. whichD. who3. I need _ before my collection is completed. A. two another stampsB. two stamps more C. other two stampsD. another two stamps4. To a child， the ability of creation and imagination is _ . A. costlessB. valuelessC. worthlessD. priceless5. Twenty short stories are _ in this collection， one of Greens _ . A. contained includedB. included including C. contained includingD. included contained6. Standing on top of Mount. Tai， we watched the red sun _ in the east. A. liftedB. raisingC. risingD. risen7. _ in a colorful skirt， the girl looks very beautiful. A. WornB. Having onC. DressingD. Dressed8. Please do everything _ Mr. Brown told you to do. A.