外刊经贸知识选读复习要点.doc

LessonOneChinaintheMarketPlace 一、术语： manufacturedgoods制成品 capitalequipment资本货物 balanceofpayments国际收支 currentaccount经常项目 visibletradeaccount有形贸易项目 invisibletradeaccount无形贸易项目 tradesurplus贸易顺差 tradedeficit贸易逆差 barter易货贸易 compensationtrade补偿贸易 counter-trade反向贸易 assemblymanufacturing组装生产 industrialandcommercialconsolidatedtax工商统一税 jointventure合资企业 deferredpayment延期付款 buyercredit买方信贷 suppliercredit卖方信贷 softloan软贷款（低息贷款） MFNtreatment:MostFavoredNationtreatment最惠国待遇 PNTR:PermanentNormalTradingRelations永久性正常贸易关系 NI:NationalIncome国民收入 GNP:GrossNationalProduct国民生产总值 GDP:GrossDomesticProduct国内生产总值 IBRD:InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment国际复兴和开发银行 IDA:InternationalDevelopmentAssociation国际开发协会 IFC:InternationalFinanceCorporation国际金融公司 OECD:OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment经济合作和发展组织 BIS:BankforInternationalSettlement国际清算银行 EEC:EuropeanEconomicCommunity欧洲经济共同体 EU:EuropeanUnion欧洲联盟 FDI:ForeignDirectInvestment外商直接投资 二、词语释义： exacerbate:deteriorate恶化 disrupt:interrupt中断 inthewakeof:following继之后 breakdown:analysisbyclassification分类分析 buoyant:brisk上扬的，增产的 run-down:reduction mountexhibitions:holdexhibitions insofaras:totheextent在范围之内 bottlenecks:obstacles;problemsthatretardorhaltfreemovementorprogress 三、句子翻译： OfficialrecognitionthatforeigntechnologycouldplayamajorroleinmodernizingtheChineseeconomyhascausedimportstorisebymorethan50percentin1978,placingunduestrainonthenationaleconomy. 官方认为，外国技术可在中国经济现代化中起重要作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。 ThedebtproblemsconfrontinganumberofdevelopingcountrieshavereinforcedChinasdetermination许多发展中国家面临的债务问题使中国加强了这样的决心：通过外国直接投资和优惠付款方式引进国外技术，而不是利用在国际资本市场上筹集大笔资金的方式。在经济中的许多实际障碍如运输能力不足和能源缺乏被 许多发展中国家面临的债务问题使中国加强了这样的决心：通过外国直接投资和优惠付款方式引进国外技术，而不是利用在国际资本市场上筹集大笔资金的方式。在经济中的许多实际障碍如运输能力不足和能源缺乏被克服之前，中国政府认为招来大笔外债的做法是不妥当的。 外刊经贸知识选读的串讲资料（二）！ LessontwoTheCurtainGoesup 一、术语： ThespecialEconomicZone经济特区 awell-placedsource一位高层消息灵通人士 infrastructure基础设施 capitalstock实际资本 consumergoods消费品 preferentialtaxrate优惠税率 cooperativeenterprise合作（经营）企业 ETDZ（Economic&TechnicalDevelopmentZone）经济技术开发区 entrepreneurship企业家精神 meansofproduction生产资料 stock-taking评估 二、词语释义： inpiecemealform:piecebypiece;gradually逐渐的 showpiece:aprimeoroutstandingexample典范 pipedream:fantasy;daydream;dreamthatcannotberealized白日梦 fromscratch:fromtheverybeginning从零开始，从最初开始 grassroots:basiclevel基层 thedustsettles:theconfusionends尘埃落定 inthedriversseat:inthedominantposition 三、句子翻译： IntheSEZs,whicharebeingbuiltalmostfromscratch,foreignerscaninvestinanythingwhichthestatedeemsusefulforthecountry,beit,forexample,productionofgoodsforexportorconstructionofprivate-housingestates. 在一切几乎从零开始的经济特区，只要中国政府认为对国家有益，外国人可对任何项目进行投资，例如出口货物的生产或私人住宅的房地产开发。 So,whilecomprehensiveframeworkforthecountrysmodernizationhasbeenprovidedbythecentralcommittees21October1984decisiontoreformtheeconomicstructure,itwillbesometimebeforethedustsettlesandlocalauthoritiesandforeigninvestorscandealwithoneanotherinasystematicway. 因此，虽然中央委员会1984年10月21日的改革经济结构的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的框架，但要等尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道却还需要一段时间。 LessonThreeBeijingRising 一、术语： economicheavyweight举足轻重的经济强国 commercialhub商业活动中心 Percapita人均 GrossNationalProduct国民生产总值 punitiveimporttariff惩罚性进口关税 securities有价证券 realestatemarket房地产市场 “GreaterChina tradebloc“大中华”贸易集团 conglomerate跨行业公司 consortium国际财团 二、词语释义： jockey:move isbustlingwith:isfilledwith giddy:dizzy;euphoric farfetched:improbable;incredible clear:earnanetprofit Deal a hard blow to: strike heavily rung: level retaliation: return of ill treatment for ill treatment; revenge; reprisal career out of control: run out of control 三、句子翻译： With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewaldealahardblowto:strikeheavily rung:level retaliation:returnofilltreatmentforilltreatment;revenge;reprisal careeroutofcontrol:runoutofcontrol 三、句子翻译： WiththeU.S.CongressduetoconsidertherenewalofChinasmost-favorednationtradestatusinJune,officialsinBeijingfearthetradeimbalancecouldsurpasshumanrightsasasourceofU.S.oppositiontopreferredstatusforChina.Beijinghascutthisyearsgrowthtargetfrom10to8.5percent,inanefforttokeeptheeconomyfromcareeringoutofcontroljustasitwascutbackin1989and1990whenitoverheated. LessonfourTheEconomicScene:AGlobalPerspective 一、术语： centrally-plannedeconomy中央计划经济 marketeconomy市场经济 disinflationary(anti-inflationary)policies反通货膨胀政策 deflation通货紧缩 short-termdollarinterestrates短期美元利率 commoditymarket商品市场 nominal(dollar)terms名义（美元）价 constant(dollar)terms不变（美元）价 businesscycle商业周期 weightedaverage加权平均数 hardcurrencies硬通货 fiscaladjustment财政调整 portfolioinvestment有价证券投资 marketdiversification市场多元化 tightcreditpolicy紧缩的信贷政策 exchange-ratedevaluation汇率贬值 accommodativemonetarypolicy融通性货币政策 yieldcurve收益曲线 percapitaGDP人均国内生产总值 GATT:GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade关贸总协定 EMS:EuropeanMonetarySystem欧洲货币体系 GDPdeflator消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数（GDP平减指数） CMEA(Comecon):CouncilforMutualEconomicAssistance经互会 LIBOR:LondonInter-BankOfferedRate伦敦同业银行优惠利率 二、词语释义： inarow:insuccession easing:slowingdown;decrease momentum:forceofmovement underlying:beingatthebasisof slackening:slowingofspeed compound:worsen moderateinflation:easeinflation robust:strongandhealthy setbacks:frustrations slump:depression edgedown:moveslowlydown depreciation:devaluation spike:abruptincrease pick-up:recoveryreinin:control bottoming-out:reachingthelowestpointbeforerisingagain（止跌回升） 三、句子翻译： AlthoughtheweaknessindemandintheUnitedStatesledtoasharpdeclineinshort-termdollarinterestratesapositivedevelopmentformanydevelopingcountriesitalsocontributedtoadropofover6percentinnonoilcommoditypricesandtoaslackening,to3percent,inthegrowthofworldtrade.IncreasinglybuoyantintraregionaltradeinEastAsiamaybeviewedasevidenceofanongoingprocessof“market-oriented”regionalintegration,adevelopmentthatcouldpartiallyoffsetlacklusterprogressintheLesson Five U.S. is Prepared to See Trade Relations Worsen 一、术语： trade representative贸易谈判代表 government procurement政府采购 NAFTA（North America Free Trade Agreements）北美自由贸易协定 trade sanctions贸易 LessonFiveU.S.isPreparedtoSeeTradeRelationsWorsen 一、术语： traderepresentative贸易谈判代表 governmentprocurement政府采购 NAFTA（NorthAmericaFreeTradeAgreements）北美自由贸易协定 tradesanctions贸易制裁 tradehawks贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物 二、词语释义： tough:uncompromising（不妥协的，强硬的） discrimination:unfairtreatment sanctions:penalty escalate:develop;intensify frictions:conflicts procurement:purchase bebulliedintodoing:beforcedtodo isawaketo:isconsciousof amenableto:responsiveto araggedstart:apoorstart 三、句子翻译： Administrationofficialsseelittleriskthatthismoreaggressivepolicycouldescalateintoafull-fledgedtradewarthatwouldshocktheworldsfragileeconomies.Thus,theadministrationwillnotbedeterredbycomplaintsthatithasmovedto“protectionism.”Insomeways,Mr.Clintonandhisadvisersarefollowingthesamewell-trodpathastheBushadministration,whichthreatenedsanctionsagainsttheCommunitylastyearandwalkedawayfromGATTnegotiationsratherthansignanagreementthatwouldprovideonlysmallgainsforU.S.companies. LessonSixEconomicTroublesCloudNewMarketsFuture 一、术语： thesinglemarket统一大市场MaastrichtTreaty马斯特里赫特条约 barrier-freemarket无壁垒市场free-tradezone自由贸易区 referendum公民复决投票merger兼并 budgetcuts预算削减politicalandeconomicintegration政治经济一体化 deregulation放松管制privatization私有化 二、词语释义： bigbang:strongandpowerfuleffect;impact（不同凡响的效果） sour:worsenbacklash:astrongadversereaction beburstingto:beeagerto（迫不及待地）skid:slide;fall gushabout:talkaboutwithexcessiveenthusiasm（滔滔不绝地谈论） translateinto:transformintohangover:impendover;threaten 三、句子翻译： Yetinitscurrentdourmood,Europerisksalmostoverlookingtherevolutionarystepforwardithastakenincreatingtheworldslargestandwealthiestbarrier-freemarketandonacontinentwhere,forcenturies,economicbattleshaveledtosomeofhistorysbloodiestLesson Seven Japan Says No 一、术语： free trade自由贸易trade sanctions贸易制裁 fiscal packages财政一揽子计划managed trade管理贸易 trade balance贸易差额multilateral rules多边规则 economic cycle经济周期budget def LessonSevenJapanSaysNo 一、术语： freetrade自由贸易tradesanctions贸易制裁 fiscalpackages财政一揽子计划managedtrade管理贸易 tradebalance贸易差额multilateralrules多边规则 economiccycle经济周期budgetdeficit预算赤字 tradereprisals贸易报复 二、词语释义： drawtheline:setlimits;refusetogoasfarasorbeyond（划定界限；不肯做到或超越某种程度） diedown:disappeargraduallyforeshadow:isasignof;represents;indicates capitulateto:yieldtothrust:principalconcernorobjective gearedto:adjustedtotakesbtotaskfor:reprimandsbfor;criticizesbfor isatpainsto:makesagreateffortto;workshardtoofitsownaccord:voluntarily;spontaneously export-driven:export-led;export-orientedinduecourse:attherighttime caveinto:giveinto 三、句子翻译： ItspolicyistoopensomeJapanesemarkets(whichitdeemstobeclosed)bysettingimporttargetsanapproachtotradepolicythatsupporterscall“results-oriented”.Thisuglytermforeshadowsuncertainconsequences.FarfromcapitulatingtothisnewthrustofAmericantradepolicy,Japanistakingastandthatcouldleadtoatrans-Pacificconfrontation.Inadditiontothecustomarydryanalysis,thisyearseditionwillputJapanssideofanargumentthathas,untilnow,beendominatedbyAmericanandEuropeancritiques.ItfollowsanotherMITIreport,publishedthisweek,thattakesAmerica,theEuropeanCommunityandotherlargetradingpartnerstotaskfortheir“unfairtradingpractices”. LessonEightHereComesKorea,Inc. 一、术语： SiliconValley硅谷state-of-the-arttechnology最先进的技术 microprocessor微信息处理机dumping倾销 licensor转让人insolvency无偿还能力 marketforces市场力量ahermitnation一个闭关自守的国家 fledglingindustries新兴工业nouveauriche暴发户 braintrust智囊团technocrat技术专家治国论者 taxbreaks减税；税额优惠bankruptcy破产 xenophobia排外；对外国人恐惧或仇视 二、词语释义： delveinto:makeresearchesintoispoisedfor:isreadyfor churnout:produceinlargequantitiesclout:influence;power beloston:failtoinfluenceorattracttheattentionofedge:advantage upsetonesapplecart:spoilonesplan houseofcards:astructure,planorsituationwhichistoobadlyarrangedtosucceed不可*的计划或体制 the lions share: the largest portion curbmoneymarket:amarketfortradinginsecuritiesnotlistedonastockexchange场外证券 houseofcards:astructure,planorsituationwhichistoobadlyarrangedtosucceed不可*的计划或体制 thelionsshare:thelargestportion curbmoneymarket:amarketfortradinginsecuritiesnotlistedonastockexchange场外证券交易市场 三、句子翻译： Theiroftenhelter-skelterexpansionhascreatedmonopoliesinmanyindustriesandresultedinwidespreadinefficiency;somecompaniesarerunbymanagerswhosequalificationsarelimitedtotheirfamilytiestothefounder.Andbecausemostofthisexpansionhasbeenfinancedthroughborrowedmoney,thechaebolhavegrownincreasinglyvulnerabletobusinesssetbacksandchangesofeconomicclimate.AsaWesternbankerinSeoulbluntlyputsit:“Itsahouseofcards.”ThechallengeforChunistoreininthechaebolwithoutdamagingtheirabsolutelyessentialcontributiontotheKoreaneconomy-andwithoutsteppingonthetoesofthechaebolsenormouslypowerfulchieftains. LessonNineProsperityPersistsintheUAE 一、术语： GCC(GulfCo-operationCouncil)海湾合作委员会 sovereigntydispute主权争端 Ramadan斋月 carbontax双重税 surcharge附加税 OPEC（OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries）石油输出国组织 tenders招标 reexports再出口；复出口 certificateoforigin原产地证明书 lossleaderphilosophy亏本招徕方式 二、词语释义： addweighttoonesvoice:addtoonesinfluence headoff:prevent beforthrightabout:bestraightforwardabout isridinghighon:ishavinggreatsuccess spin-off:derivedeffect;by-product副效应；副产品 showteeth:showpower;showeffectivemeansofenforcement显示威力；显示效力 upforgrabs:availableforanyonetotakeorwin群起而争的；待价而沽的 三、句子翻译： Dubaitradersarenotundulyconcernedbytheintroductionon21MarchofanIranian20percentimportsurchargeastheyconsiderdemandforgoodstobesostrongthatthesurchargewillhavelittleimpact.Itisnocoincidencethatgovernmentdepartmentsinthevariousemiratesarewelcomingbidsfromconsultantsthatarenewtothearea 外刊串讲（六） LessonTenFreerTrade,withLuck 一、术语： anti-dumpingmeasures反倾销措施 subsidies补贴 countervailing duties反补贴税 government procurement政府采购 barriers to-trade (trade barriers)贸易壁垒 intellectual property知识资产 trade liberalization贸易自由化 WTO: World Trade Organization世界贸易组织 CAP countervailingduties反补贴税 governmentprocurement政府采购 barrierstotrade(tradebarriers)贸易壁垒 intellectualproperty知识资产 tradeliberalization贸易自由化 WTO:WorldTradeOrganization世界贸易组织 CAP:CommonAgriculturalpolicy共同农业政策 二、词语释义： carryonesheartinonesboots:feelafraidandworried提心吊胆 subsidy:moneygrantedbygovernmenttoanindustrytokeeppricesatadesiredlevel allowfor:takeintoconsideration snag:bogdown,impede 三、句子翻译： Onaconservativeestimate,theUruguayroundwouldpermanentlyraiseglobalwelfarebymorethan$100billionayear,spureconomicgrowtheverywhere(especiallyintheworldspoorestcountries)andextendcompetitiontohithertosheltered,andthereforebackward,partsofalleconomies.Byanystandards,itwouldbeahugelyvaluableachievement.Noindustryintheworldhasbeenpushedfurther,orsoneedlessly,fromtheliberalidealofguidingresourcestotheirbestusebymeansofpricessetinmarkets. LessonElevenTheComebackofInternationalBarter 一、术语： convertiblecurrency可兑换货币 cartel卡特尔 debtservice债息支付 debtor债务人 creditor债权人 TheUnitedNationsMonetaryandFinancialConference联合国货币金融会议 IMF(InternationalMonetaryFund)国际货币基金组织 二、词语释义： proceeds:moneygainedfromthesaleofsomething收入，收益 dipinto:spend;useup动用（存款） hammerout:talkaboutindetailandcometoadecision;producebyhardwork经详细讨论得出；经过大量工作而作出 breakdown:collapse payapremiumfor:payahigherpricefor 三、句子翻译： Barterenduredforthousandsofyearsastheprimarymeansoftrade.Colonialpowersforcedbilateralbarterupontheirclientstates,makingthecoloniestakeexpensivemanufacturedgoodsinreturnforbargain-pricerawmaterials,andprohibitingthemfromtradingwithothernations.InternationaltradewasLinkingimportsandexportsisawaytoexertpowerovermultinationalcorporations.Countriesthatlackexpertiseininternationalmarketingtrytousecountertradeasleveragetotapthenetworksofglobalfirms. 外刊串讲（七) Le Linkingimportsandexportsisawaytoexertpowerovermultinationalcorporations.Countriesthatlackexpertiseininternationalmarketingtrytousecountertradeasleveragetotapthenetworksofglobalfirms. LessonTwelveSoftDrinkWars:theNextBattle 一、术语： marketshare市场份额 testmarket试销市场 coupons赠券 pricepromotion价格促销 hardsell强行推销手段 franchise特许经营权 二、词语释义： bespoilingfor(afight):beveryeager(tofight)一心想；切望 pickon:singleout,espforsth。unpleasant liveupto:keeptothehighstandardsof makewayfor:allowroomfor让位 flagshipbrand:leadingbrand;chiefbrand workoff:disposeof niche:asuitableplace letmuchtochance:letchancetodecide;letlucktodecide 三、句子翻译： Iftheseproductsliveuptotheirearlyperformanceintestmarketsabigiftheycouldproduce$3billionayearinretailsales.Theskirmishesbetweenthecolagiantswillprecipitateabattleforsupermarketshelfspaceandfortheloyaltyofbottlers.Thebigguyswillpressbottlerstodropcompetingbrandstomakewayfortheirnewproduct.Thebottlersmaynotgoalong.Muchoftheexpenseofintroducinganewproductblitzingconsumerswithcouponsandofferingdeepdiscountstoretailerstogettheproductontheshelvesisbornebythebottler.Heisreluctanttowalkawayfromhisinvestmentinanexistingbrandtoponyupforsomethingnew. LessonThirteenHongKongisTopsatCrackingU.S.ShellEggs 一、术语： fastfoodstores快餐店 supermarket超级市场 thewetmarket出