英语专四、专八【新闻听力】重点词汇.doc

资料一：一国际事务：hot spot热点Sino-US 中美之间的diplomatically isolated country在外交上被孤立的国家diplomatic solutions外交解决方案negotiations，delegate，delegation，summit峰会national convention国民大会mediator调解员pass a resolution通过决议veto a bill否决议案break the deadlock打破僵局make concession/compromise做出妥协sign/ratify an accord/deal/treaty/pact/agreement签署协议pledge n. 诺言， 保证， 誓言， 抵押， 信物， 保人， 祝愿 v. 许诺， 使发誓， 抵押， 典当， 举杯祝健康；特许，发给特许执照peace process和平进程promote peace促进和平give a boost to促进boost economic co-op加强经济合作booming economy促进经济发展mutual benefits/interests双赢charter n. 特许状， 执照， 宪章sanction n. 核准， 制裁， 处罚， 约束力 vt. 制定制裁规则， 认可， 核准， 同意withdraw，embargo，impose sanctions against实施制裁the implementation of an accord执行决议speculate，disarmament agreement裁军协议mandate，to lift a boycott取消禁令default n. 违约， 不履行责任， 缺席， 默认值 v. 疏怠职责， 缺席， 拖欠， 默认impose/break a deadline规定/打破最后期限a scientific breakthrough科学突破an unexpected outcome出乎意料的结果take hostilities toward对采取敌对态度ethnic cleansing种族排斥refugee，illegal aliens非法移民fight corruption反腐败corrupted election腐败的选举Gallup/opinion/exit poll，survey民意调查stand trial受审puton trial审判某人 Defense Minister，evacuate，flee from Pentagon五角大楼sue，file suit against状告suspect，arrest，detain，in custody被囚禁pen 监狱execute/execution处决，death penalty死刑lifer 无期徒刑犯on human rights abuse charges反人权罪名retaliate报复banking reform金融改革commissioner代表deputy代表go bankrupt破产file for bankruptcy提出破产external forces外部力量dismantle销毁to ease the ban on ivory trade缓解对象牙贸易的禁令to harbor sb.保护animal conservation动物保护threatened/endangered species濒危物种illegal poaching非法捕猎face extinction濒临灭亡radioactive放射性radiation辐射uranium enrichment program铀浓缩计划nuke nonproliferation核部扩散HIV positive HIV阳性malaria疟疾diabetes糖尿病hypertension高血压lung cancer肺癌breast cancer乳腺癌fight poverty/starvation/hunger/disease/virus，stop the spread ofcrack down on严打illegal drug trafficking毒品贩运piracy，pirated products盗版产品fake goods假货lemon 伪劣品pick pocket 扒手notorious臭名昭著bloody tyrant血腥独裁者seminar，forum，peace conference，national convention，his counterpart同等级别的人predecessor/successor前任/后任二战争军事：military option军事解决途径（动用武力）escalating tension逐步升级的局势military coupe军事政变forced from office被赶下台step down/aside下台on the brink of war处于战争边缘armed conflict武装冲突border dispute边境争端civil war内战rebellion叛乱rebel forces叛军warring factions交战各方Zero hour 军事行动开始时刻rebels，wounded，killed，injury，death，casualties伤亡heavy fighting激战guerrilla war游击战争cruise missile 巡航导弹Nuke 核武器electronic warfare电子战争chemical/biological/nuclear warfare化学/生物/核战争on high alert 处于高级戒备状态genocide种族灭绝relief effort救济工作humanitarian aid人道主义援助broker/mediate a ceasefire/truce促成停火end the bloodshed结束流血事件special envoy特使peace-keeping forces维和部队coalition forces联合军队rescue，release invade，us-led invasion美国领导的入侵reconciliation调解come to a conclusion达成一致sensitive，hostage，kidnapped french nationals被绑架的法国人right-wing extremists右翼极端分子topple the government推翻政府suicide bombing自杀性袭击事件dispute，crisis，conflict，holy war圣战administration，regime，claim responsibility for声称负责suspend停止resume继续coalition party联合政党post-war reconstruction战后重建pre-war intelligence战前情报radar， espionage谍报spying activity间谍行为三地震类：press conference 新闻发布会wenchuan earthquake 汶川地震the massive earthquake 大地震the 8.0- magnitude earthquake 8.0级地震quake-hit area/ quake-stricken area 地震灾区the worst-hit area 重灾区epicenter 震中aftershock 余震quake victim 地震灾民peoples liberation army soldier 人民解放军armed police 武警fire-fighter 消防官兵medical worker 医务工作者rescuer 救援者rescue team 救援队the injured 伤者the missing 失踪者debris/ruin 废墟sanitationhygiene 卫生golden 72 hours 黄金72小时premier wen 温总理UN secretary-general ban ki-moon 联合国秘书长the red cross 红十字会medical team 医疗队funds and material 资金和物资mobile hospital可移动医院death toll 死亡人数race against time 与时间赛跑lifeline 生命线the ministry of civil affairs 民政部the information office of the state council 国务院信息办CCTV correspondent 中央台记者Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯Chinese embassy 中国大使馆envoy 外交使节flags are to be kept at half-mast. 降半旗mourn 默哀condolence 哀悼humanitarian aid 人道主义援助relief work 救济工作donate 捐赠consultation hotline 咨询热线evacuate 疏散barrier lake/quake lake堰塞湖rebuild重建post-quake reconstruction震后重建carry out reconstruction as soon as possible尽快进行重建工作rehabilitation复原camp primary school帐篷小学resume classes复课build a database数据库cremate火葬prevent epidemic阻止疫情culture heritage文化遗产giant panda大熊猫四奥运类：International Olympic Committee国际奥林匹克委员会Chinese Olympic Committee, the Olympic Flame中国奥委会Olympic trial奥运圣火奥运会选拔赛Olympic anthem奥运会会歌Olympic torch 奥运火炬Olympic delegation 奥运会代表团Olympic village 奥运村organization committee 组委会opening ceremony 开幕式closing ceremony 闭幕式mascot 吉祥物podium 颁奖台a crown of olive branches 橄榄枝编成的头冠a record-holder 记录保持者a team gold medal 一枚团体金牌an Olympic medal 奥运金牌Olympics opening ceremonies奥运会开幕式event 比赛项目prance with the national flag 挥舞着国旗而雀跃spectator 观众a team bus 运动员专车the gold / silver/ bronze medalist 金/ 银/ 铜牌获得者aquatics 水上运动archery 射箭individual events 个人赛team events 团体赛athletics田径track 径赛cycling自行车gymnastics 体操fencing击剑shooting射击五经济类：financial crisis金融危机federal reserve 美联储real estate 房地产share 股票stock market 股市shareholder 股东opportunistic practice 投机行为n the hook 被套住fluctuate 波动floating rate 浮动利率government bond 政府债券deficit 赤字In the red 赤字foreign exchange 外汇pickup in price 物价上涨inflation/deflation 通货膨胀/通货紧缩CPI monetary policy 货币政策macroeconomic 宏观经济go underbankrupt 破产pension fund 养老基金budget 预算surplus intellectual property 知识产权venture capital 风险资本（vc）global corporation 跨国公司entrepreneur 企业家cook the book 做假帐merger 并购take over 收购consolidation 兼并quote 报价contract 合同六常见新闻缩写词：英语新闻标题中经常出现的缩写词主要分为三类：1、组织机构等专有名称，如上述例句中的CPPCC （全国政协）和PLO（巴解组织）。又如：UNESCO=United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization（联合国教科文组织）IMF=International Monetary Fund（国际货币基金组织）ASEAN=Association of Southeast Asian Nations（东南亚国家联盟：“东盟”）GATT=General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade（关贸总协定）WTO=World Trade Organization（世界贸易组织）OPE=Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries（石油输出国组织：“欧佩克”）PLO=Palestine Liberation Organization（巴勒斯坦解放组织：“巴解”）IOC=International Olympic Committee（国际奥林匹克委员会）NASA=National Aeronautics and Space Administration 美国国家宇航局WHO=World Health Organization（世界卫生组织）2、常见事物的名称，如上述例句中的AIDS （艾滋病）。又如：UFO=unidentified flying object（不明飞行物：“飞碟”）DJI=dow-jones index（道琼斯指数）PC=personal computer（个人电脑）ABM=anti-ballistic missile（反弹道导弹）PT=public relations（公共关系）SALT=strategic arms limitation talks（限制战略武器会谈）SDI=strategic defense initiative（战略防御措施）3、表示人们的职业、职务或职称的名词，如 MP（议员）。又如：PM=prime minister（总理；首相）GM=general manager（总经理）VIP=very important person（贵宾；要人）TP=traffic policeman（交通警察）PA=personal assistant（私人助理）七有名的人、事、物Mr. Bean 豆子先生Charlie Chaplin 查利卓别林Bill Clinton 比尔克林顿First lady 第一夫人Kennedy Assassination 肯尼迪暗杀案Bill Jean 比尔金Martin Luther King 马丁路德金Lincoln Memorial 林肯纪念碑Bruce Lee 李小龙Joe Blow 普通人，常人Pee wee 小人物Uncle Sam 山姆大叔；美国政府Madonna 麦当娜Marlboro Man 万宝路人Peter Pan 彼得潘Santa Claus 圣诞老人Zorro 佐罗Oscar Awards 奥斯卡奖Grammy Awards 格来米奖Academy Awards 学院奖（奥斯卡金像奖）Beat Generation 垮了的一代Soap opera 肥皂剧，言情性的连续剧Cowboy 牛仔Hot potato 使人厌恶的事White-collar crime 白领犯罪Yuppie年轻的城市职员，雅皮士Marijuana 大麻Newsweek 新闻周刊TV Guide 电视导报Vogue 时尚杂志Apollo Program 阿波罗计划Civil rights movement 民权运动Great Depressions 大萧条Gulf War 海湾战争Korean War 朝鲜战争Vietnam War 越南战争.Cosovo War 科索沃战争Nato 北约Cookbooks 烹饪书Bible 圣经the God father 教父Black Monday 黑色星期一Halloween 万圣节(节)Broadway(New York) 百老会Central Park 中央公园Holiday Inn 假日酒店Chinatown 唐人街Cosmopolitan 大都Little Rock 小万城Disneyland 迪斯尼乐园ghost towns 鬼城Harlem 哈雷特(黑人区)Hollywood 好来坞Los Angeles 洛杉机Cambridge University 剑桥大学Panama Canal 巴拿马运河Pearl Harbor 珍珠港Times Square 时代广场Coca-cola 可口可乐Kentucky Fried 肯德鸡McDonalds 麦当劳Kodak 科达Warner Brothers 华纳兄弟资料二：新闻听力重点以下文章中将包含12篇比较符合专四新闻考法的新闻，时间涵盖2008年4月至2009年3月。其中有5篇来源于我的补充讲义，7篇是最新的总结。重点词汇处，我会用黑体标出，需要强记。另外，不同主题的新闻有不同的考点方向，每个主题前我会说明。请注意，文章和论点仅供参考，若对于新闻背景不甚了解，可以按照主题的中文解释，配合时间，进行搜索式查阅。灾难新闻类：专四对于天灾人祸的兴趣是很浓的，基本每年都有。大家需要注意的核心是：death toll（死亡人数），the injured（受伤人数），the missing（失踪人数），casualty（伤亡人数）以及cause（起因）和route（路线）空难 air crash：2009-3-23A FedEx cargo plane（货机）, crash-lands（迫降）, at Japans Narita International Airport（日本成田国际机场）. Red Cross officials say both pilots were killed. Television footage showed the plane explode, shortly after one of its wings, clipped the ground. Reports say the flight from Guangzhou, China, was trying to land in windy conditions.海难 ferry sink 2009-1-11An Indonesian ferry carrying 250 passengers and 17crew sank after being battered by a large wave in bad weather in the countrys east on Sunday, officials said. 18 people including one of the crew had been rescued, said Bambang Ervan, a spokesman for the Transport Ministry.Transport Minister Jusman Syafii Djamal said 150 people had been taken off the ferry, but their condition was unknown and he gave no further details. The discrepancy（差别） in the number of possible survivors could not immediately be clarified.海难的考点很灵活。可以是自然原因引起的，比如storm, wave, typhoon, 内因也可以为超载-overload，或者常考的非法移民illegal immigrant事件。值得注意的是，05、06、07在连续考察海难新闻。偷渡 illegal emigrants 2008-4About 150 illegal immigrants have drowned after their boat sank off the Libyan shore while en route to Italy. Most of the illegal immigrants died after the boat capsized in the Mediterranean on June 7. The Libyan authorities have recovered 40 bodies but its difficult to identify them.火车脱轨 train derail 2008-4-29Chinese railway authorities confirmed that the death toll is at least 70 after an early Monday train collision in east Chinas Shandong Province. More than 400 passengers were hospitalized including 4 foreigners. When the accident occurred, the rear part of the train from Beijing, coded T195 derailed and hit train 5034 from Yantai, and caused the front part of the latter train to derail, too. Initial investigation （初步调查）says the accident was caused by human error. Two railway officials have been sacked after the accident.专四没有考过中国的灾难新闻，暂且把它看成一篇通用类型的新闻模板。恐怖袭击 terrorist attacks 2008-11-27恐怖主义的新闻除了要注意时间地点和破坏结果外，幕后黑手也是重要信息。巴基斯坦的恐怖袭击数量之多，令人咂舌。仅仅09年三个月以来，就有十几起，具体请见：/z/bjstjxyx/index.shtmlFour top police officials were among the 10 policemen killed as security forces took on terrorists here in the early hours of Thursday following a series of attacks in this Indias financial capital, Mumbai, which killed at least 80 people and injured 250 others, authorities said. India has suffered a wave of bomb attacks in recent years. Most have been blamed on Islamist militants（伊斯兰士兵）, although police have also suspected Hindu extremists（极端分子） of carrying out some bombings.国际会议类新闻：第16次亚欧领导人非正式会议（俄巴经济合作） the 16th APEC Meeting 2008-11-27胡锦涛主席也参加了在秘鲁的利马召开的本次会议，并同时出访南美五国。此条新闻谈论的是俄罗斯和巴西的合作，请注意会议的地点、时间、双方谈论的主要目的和一些数据。Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on Tuesday called for further trade cooperation between his country and Brazil. At a luncheon with Russian and Brazilian businessmen in Rio, Medvedev said bilateral trade is expected to reach $5 billion this year and will increase to $10 billion in 2010.Brazil is Medvedevs second stop of his Latin American tour that also includes stops in Venezuela and Cuba. He earlier attended the annual Economic Leaders Meeting of the16th Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum in Lima, capital of Peru.第七次亚欧会议 the 7th ASEM Meeting 2008-10-27The Seventh Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) issued a Chairs Statement in Beijing on Saturday, agreeing to issue the Beijing Declaration （北京宣言）on Sustainable Development.The statement said the leaders held extensive and in-depth discussions on issues of realizing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) （千年发展目标）as well as the sustainable development targets agreed in Johannesburg(约翰内斯堡), strengthening energy security cooperation, jointly addressing the challenge of climate change, and environmental protection, including water resources, forests and air, and improving social cohesion under the framework of sustainable development.The Seventh Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM 7) was held in Beijing on 24 and 25 October 2008. The Meeting was the first gathering of the leaders of 45 members of ASEM since its second round of enlargement（扩容）.国际争端新闻：俄乌斗气，最终和解 Russia, Ukraine sign 10-year gasdeal 2009-1-20Russia and Ukraine signed a 10-year gas supply deal Monday to clear the way for a prompt resumption（重启）of supplies to a freezing Europe, cut off for nearly two weeks by a dispute between the ex-Soviet states（前苏联国家）. Under the deal, Ukraine will buy Russian gas at a 20 percent discount to European market prices in 2009, while Kiev（基辅，乌克兰首都） agreed to retain preferential transit fees for Russia this year before both sides switch to a market-based price formula from 2010. A higher gas price could cripple Ukraines economy, already hit hard by the slowdown. But analysts and officials said a substantial drop in market prices expected this year would bring down the average 2009 price to levels more affordable for Kiev.巴以冲突Conflicts Between Israel and Palestine 2008-5-2这个地区的是一个敏感地区。2008年12月份，以色列对加沙地带发动了最大规模的地面进攻。死伤千余。此新闻完全可以看成是12月进攻的翻版新闻。进攻-口水仗-谈判-外界干预。Tension in Mideast continues as Israeli missiles struck on Gaza Strip for the sixth straight day on Monday. A Palestinian militant of al-Aqsa Brigades（阿尔阿克萨旅，是指巴勒斯坦民族解放运动-法塔赫/FATEH的一个分支） was killed. Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert told members of his Party that overall offensive will be continued. On the other side, Hamas senior leader Mahmoud Zahar said his group has been in touch with an unidentified third party to discuss all the issue. Early Monday morning, Israel Defense Forces withdrew its ground troops from the Gaza Strip. The recent offensive in the region has killed more than 100 Palestinians. U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice kicked off a new Middle East visit on Tuesday, in a bid to help revive the halted Palestinian-Israeli talks.朝核问题 DPRK Nuclear Issue 2008-5The United States says it expects North Korea will submit its nuclear declaration to China on June 26. （递交核清单）White House spokeswoman Dana Perino says North Korea fulfilling its declaration obligations will pave the way for President George W. Bush to inform Congress of plans to remove the country from a list of state sponsors of terrorism, （把它从“支持恐怖注意国家名单”上除去） and waive penalizing it under the U.S. Trading with the Enemy Act.（与敌国贸易法）North Korea missed the deadline to abandon all nuclear weapons programs and declare all its nuclear programs and facilities by the end of 2007.韩美牛肉争端 beef disputes betwee