（新课标）高考英语短文语法填空和阅读一轮选练（4）.doc

（新课标）2016高考英语短文语法填空和阅读一轮选练（4）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【全国新课标卷题型】 a group of frogs were traveling through the woods, and two of them fell into a deep pit (坑). when the other frogs saw how deep the pit was, they told the two frogs that they were as good as_1_(death). the two frogs didnt listen to the others and tried to jump out of the pit with all_2_might. the other frogs kept telling them to stop. finally, one of the frogs heard what the other frogs_3_(say) and gave up, so he died. the other frog went on jumping as hard as he_4_. once again, the other frogs cried at him and told him to stop and just allow himself to die. he jumped even_5_(hard) and finally made himself out. when he got out, the other frogs said, “didnt you hear us？” the frog explained_6_them that something was wrong with his hearing. he thought they were encouraging him_7_whole time.there is power of life and death in the tongue. an encouraging word to someone_8_is down can lift him or her up and help them make it through the day. be careful_9_what you say. speak life to those who cross your path. the power of wordsanyone can speak bad words that rob another of the spirit to go on in difficult times. but an_10_(encourage) word can go such a long way. 1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._6_ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._答案：1dead这两只青蛙掉在深坑里，被认为死定了。2theirwith all their might“竭尽全力”。3were saying过去进行时，当时别的青蛙不断地说。4couldas hard as he could“尽力”。5harder比较级，比先前更努力。6to跳出来的青蛙向其他的青蛙解释说，用介词to。7thethe whole time“全程，一直”。8who关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词someone。9ofbe careful of“小心，当心”。10encouragingencouraging“鼓励的”，形容词修饰名词。广东省语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。there was once a beautiful girl who hated herself because she was blind. she also hated everyone else, except her _1_ (love) boyfriend who was considerate and was always there to help her. one day she told her boyfriend, “you _2_ (be) so kind to me and if i could only see the world, i should marry you.”one day, someone donated a pair of eyes to her. doctors spent several hours doing _3_ (operate) for her and the boy accompanied her at the bedside all the time. when the bandages came off, she was able to see everything, her boyfriend _4_ (include), of course.he asked her, “now _5_ you can see the world, will you marry me？” the girl looked at her boyfriend and saw that he was blind, too.the sight of _6_ ugly closed eyelids shocked her and made her feel sick. she had not expected that, and _7_ thought of looking at them in the rest of her life led her to refuse to marry him.her boyfriend left _8_ tears and a few days later sent a note to her， _9_ said，“please take good care of your eyes, my dear, because before they are yours, they were _10_！”after reading the words, the girl burst out crying, regretting what she had done to the boy.1解析结合语境考查非谓语动词。由下文“who was considerate and was always there to help her”可得出答案。loving是由love去掉e后加ing构成的，loving意为“充满爱的”。答案loving2解析考查时态。在间接引语中，当动作或状态现在仍然如此时，可以保持原时态。故此处应用are。答案are3解析考查词性转换。由设空特点可以看出此处需要一个名词作动词do的宾语，所以应用operate的名词形式operation。答案operation4解析考查独立主格结构。注意主句和“her boyfriend_”之间缺少连接词，而且boyfriend与动词include之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词与“her boyfriend”一起构成独立主格结构。答案included5解析结合语境考查连词。now that意为“既然，由于”。句意为“他问她既然你见到了光明，你愿意嫁给我吗？”。答案that6解析结合语境考查形容词性物主代词。此处是指男孩的眼睑紧闭，故用his较为妥当。答案his7解析结合语境考查冠词。名词前设空答案首先考虑限定词，结合题意可知此处应填the。thought意为”想法，主意”。答案the8解析结合语境考查介词。由语境判断，女孩的做法使男孩非常伤心，男孩流着泪离开了。in tears“泪流满面地”。答案in9解析结合语境考查非限制性定语从句。关系代词which代指前面的先行词note，在定语从句中充当主语。注意空格前面的逗号，此处which不可用that替换。答案which10解析结合语境考查名词性物主代词。由前面的“before they are yours”可知，后面也应用名词性物主代词；此处是男孩留言的内容，应用第一人称，所以用mine。答案mine阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014赣州市高三年级适应性考试】i grew up with a fat dad450 pounds at his heaviest.every week he would try a new diet，and my family ended up eating whatever strange food he was trying at that moment.after my thirdgrade year，my dad landed a lifechanging job in manhattan.my mom，my little sister and i had to move away from our hometown，chicago，and leave my grandmother and her beautiful food behind.leaving my grandmother was far more frightening than the move to new york city.there would be no more special weekends at my grandmothers house，the only place i can remember feeling happy，safe and nourished (有营养的)it was what i desired.in this new city，i felt extremely alone and lost，and i missed my grandmother terribly.my grandmother knew just how i feltand she knew the cure.every week，she would send me a card with a $20 bill，a recipe and a list of what to buy at the market.it kept us bonded，and her recipes filled my body and soul.over the years，i have grown to better understand my fathers struggles with weight and the toll (代价) it took on him and those who love him.i have come to realize he was driven not by vanity (自负) or selfishness as much as by a deep pain.and in spite of growing up in such an unhealthy eating environment (or perhaps because of it)，as an adult i found a passion and a career as a nutrition consultant.today，my father weighs 220 pounds and is a vegan (素食者)how he got there is a story i hope to share in the coming weeks.more importantly，food is no longer a barrier that keeps us apart，but a bridge that keep us connected.there is nothing my dad enjoys more than talking with me about dietary theories and his weightloss victories.and now i am the one regularly sending recipe cards to my fathers house，just as my grandmother did for me.1what kind of person was actually the authors father?ahe was a man of vanity and selfishness.bhe didnt like to eat with his family.che was more painful than selfish.dhe forced his family to eat what he liked.2the author desired to go to his grandmothers_.ato see his father bfor tasty food cfor pocket money dto avoid his family3the underlined word “cure” in paragraph 4 is the nearest in meaning to “_”asolution bconcern coperation dsituation4the author became a nutrition consultant mainly because_.ahis father often talked with him about dietary theoriesbhe was determined to change his own daily habitsche wanted to study the recipes his grandmother had given himdhis childhood experiences gave him too deep an impression5what can we learn about the author from the last paragraph?ahe often quarreled with his father about foodbhis father will tell him his story in the following weekscthe most he talks about with his father is nourishmentdhe often sends recipe cards to his grandmother in return语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者小时候，爸爸很胖，每周都需要尝试一种新的食物来减肥，全家人都不得不与爸爸一起“试吃”，为此作者对爸爸意见很大。后来随着年龄的增长，作者对父亲也有了更深的理解，在选择职业时也选了营养师这份工作。1解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段第一、二句“over the years.i have come to realize.as much as by a deep pain.”可知，这些年来，作者逐渐理解了父亲，意识到他苦苦地与自己的体重作斗争，不是虚荣和自私，而是对于自己的体重感到深深的痛苦。由此可知，c项内容与题意相符。答案：c2解析：细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知，作者和家人一起搬到了曼哈顿，离开了祖母还有她做的精致美食，以致作者非常想念祖母，特别渴望去她的家里品尝美味佳肴。答案：b3解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词前后内容可知，作者的祖母知道作者心中的想法，每周会给作者寄20美元，一个食谱还有一个购物单。结合选项可推知，画线词所在句子意思是作者的祖母知道解决的办法。因此画线词的意思与选项中solution的词义最为接近。答案：a4解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“and in spite of growing up in such an unhealthy eating environment.i found a passion and a career as a nutrition consultant.”可知，尽管在一个如此不健康的饮食环境中成长(也许正是因为这一点)，作者长大后成为了一个营养咨询师。由此可知，作者童年的经历给他留下了很深的印象，因此，作者后来成为一名营养咨询师。答案：d5解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第四句“there is nothing my dad enjoys more than talking with me about dietary theories and his weightloss victories”可知，作者和父亲谈论最多的应该是食品方面的内容。答案：c。【广东省广州市2014综合测试】no one knows why people dream, but some dreams might be connected to the mental processes that help us learn. in a recent study, scientists found a connection between nap-time (午睡时间) dreams and better memory in people who were learning a new skill.so perhaps one way to learn something new is to practice, practise, practise-and then sleep on it.“i was surprised by this finding,” robert stickgold, a harvard university scientist who led the study.in the study, 100 college students each spent an hour on a computer, trying to get through a virtual maze (虚拟迷宫). the maze was difficult, and the study participants had to start in a different place each time they tried-making it even more difficult. then, for the first 90 minutes of a five-hour break, half of the participants were required to stay awake while half were told to sleep. participants who stayed awake were asked to describe their thoughts. participants who slept were asked to describe any dream they had.stickgold and his colleagues wanted to know about nrem, or non-rem sleep. rem stands for “rapid eye movement”, which is what happens during rem sleep. this period of sleep often brings strange dreams to a sleeper, although dreams can happen in both kinds of sleep. stickgold wanted to know what people were dreaming about when their eyes werent moving, during nrem sleep. other studies have found a connection between nrem bring activity and learning ability. four of the 50 people who slept said their dreams were about the maze. later, when these four people tried the computer maze again, they were able to complete it faster.stickgold believes the dream itself doesn;t help a person learn-its the other way around. he suspects that such dreams are caused by the brain processes associated with learning.all the maze-dreamers had done the task poorly the first time, which makes stickgold wonder if the nrem dreams show up when a person finds a new task particularly difficult. people who had other dreams, or people didnt sleep, didnt show the same improvement.36. in the first stage of the study, the participants were asked to a. design a maze on computerb. find their way out of a mazec. decide where to begin a mazed. remember a location in a maze37. what happened to the participants during the break? a. half of them were woken up when they started to dream.b. half of them were asked to dram about the maze.c. all of them were asked to describe their thoughts.d. half of them were asked to sleep for 90 minutes.38. what can we learn from the passage? a. everyone will dream about a new skill after learning it.b. stickgold was the first to study dreams and learning.c. during nrem sleep, people usually dont dream.d. unusual dreams often occur during rem sleep.39. in the first stage of the study, the participants were asked to a. design a maze on computerb. find their way out of a mazec. decide where to begin a mazed. remember a location in a maze40. which of the following statement best summarizes the studys conclusion? a. dreams have a role in learning.b. dreams have no basis in reality.c. dreams are important for health.d. dreams are the best way to study.【参考答案】36-40 bddaa【广东省广州市2014综合测试】the recent publication of autobiographies by two of britains great scientists, biologist richard dawkins and physicist stephen hawking, is a wonderful opportunity to compare and contrast these two remarkable men. surprisingly, they have rather more in common than we think.most striking is the similarity in their backgrounds. they were born in the early 1940s to middle class families-not wealthy but comfortably off, with a strong commitment to academic excellence and public service. both families were keen to send their boys to oxford university-and both succeeded, dawkins studying zoology and hawking physics.neither author has a very positive view of his early university life. hawking describes the attitude at oxford in the 1950s and 1960s as very anti-work, “you were supposed to either be brilliant without effort or fail. hard work was looked down upon by students and we all pretended that nothing was worth making an effort for.” he estimates that he studied for no more than an hour a day as an undergraduate student （本科生）.undergraduate life was somewhat more rewarding for dawkins. like hawking, he wasnt particularly hard-working and never attended his lectures. but he found oxfords system of weekly essay-based lessons with an academic tutor useful, “it was really only the tutorial system that educated me.”for both men, scientific life really got going as postgraduates after 1962. dawkins, who remained at oxford, describes brilliantly the academic competition among the postgraduate students, which he believed helped push him to develop the ideas that formed the basis of his most famous book, the selfish gene. this volume transformed scientific thinking about darwinism evolution.hawking, on the other hand, moved to cambridge university after graduation, where his research into the universe would eventually make him the most famous physicists since albert einstein. he writes movingly about the disease which progressively crippled his entire body, leaving him unable to move and only able to communicate using a computer controlled by his eyes. although communication is slow-he can write only 3 words a minute using the machine-his illness has not affected his mind or his research on space-time and origins of the universe.each book is recommended individually as a personal introduction to an important scientific thinker. read together, they provide a superb background to the academic and social climate of postwar bri