常见英汉对照有机基名表.doc

.常见英汉对照有机基名表acetamido CH3CONH 乙酰氨基 acetenyl = ethynyl CHC 乙炔基acetoacetyl CH3COCH2CO 乙酰乙酰基；3氧丁酰基acetonyl CH3COCH2 丙酮基；乙酰甲基 acetonylidene CH3COCH= 亚丙酮基acetoxy CH3COO 乙酸基；乙酰氧基 acetyl CH3CO 乙酰（基）acetylene CHCH 乙炔 =CHCH= 双亚乙基 acryloyl CH2=CHCO 丙烯酰alkoxy RO （R=烷基或烃基）烷氧基 allyl CH2=CHCH2 烯丙基;allyl = isopropenyl CH2=C(CH3) ;烯丙基；异丙烯基allylidene CH2=CHCH= 亚烯丙基 allyloxy CH2=CHCH2O 烯丙氧基amido H2N 严格说来此项英文名只能用来表示酰基上的氨基，但是英文常与amino混用氨基amino H2N氨基 amyl = pentyl CH3(CH2)4戊基tert-amyl = 1,1;dimethylpropyl CH3CH3C(CH3)2 特戊基azido N3 叠氮基 azo N=N 偶氮基azoxy N(O)N 氧化偶氮基 benzal = benzylidene 苯亚甲基benzamido C6H5CONH 苯甲酰氨基benzenesulfinyl（参阅phenyleulfinyl）C6H5SO 苯亚磺酰benzenesulfonamido C6H5SO2NH 苯磺酰氨基benzenesulfonyl C6H5SO2 苯磺酰benzhydryl = diphenylmethylene 二苯甲基benzhydrylidene = diphenylmethylene 二苯亚甲基benzofuryl = benzofuranyl 苯并呋喃基；氧茚基benzoxy = benzoyloxy苯甲酸基；苯甲酰氧基benzoyl C6H5CO 苯甲酰benzoylene C6H5CO（o、m或p）亚苯甲酰基（邻、间或对）benzoyloxy C6H5COO 苯甲酸基；苯甲酰氧基benzyl C6H5CH2 苄基；苯甲基benzylidene C6H5CH= 苯亚甲基benzylidyne C6H5C 次苄基benzyloxy C6H5CH2O苄氧基benzylthio C6H5CH2S苄硫基；苯甲硫基biphenylene C6H4C6H4 亚联苯基biphenylenebisazo N=NC6H4C6H4N=N 联苯重氮亚基biphenylylcarbonyl C6H5C6H4CO 联苯羰基biphenylyloxy C6H5C6H4O 联苯氧基bromo Br 溴butadienyl CH2=CHCH=CH 丁间二烯基；1，3丁二烯基1butenyl CH3CH2CH=CH 丁烯基；1丁烯基2butenyl CH3CH=CHCH2 丁邻烯基；2丁烯基3butenyl CH2=CH(CH2)2 丁间烯基；3丁烯基2butenyleneCH2CH=CHCH2 1，4亚丁2烯基butenylidene CH3CH=CHCH= 亚丁2烯基butenylidyne CH3CH=CHC 次丁2烯基butoxy CH3(CH2)2CH2O 丁氧基sec-butoxy C2H5CH(CH3)O 仲丁氧基tert-butoxy (CH3)3CH2O 叔丁氧基butyl CH3(CH2)2CH2 丁基sec-butyl C2H5CH(CH3) 仲丁基tert-butyl (CH3)3C 叔丁基butyryl CH3CH2CH2CO 丁酰caproyl = hexanoyl 己酰capryl = decanoyl 癸酰capryloyl = octanoyl 辛酰carbamyl = carbamoyl H2NCO 氨（基）甲酰carbomethoxy = methoxycarbonyl 甲酯基；甲氧羰基carbonyl OC= 羰基；碳酰carboxy HOOC 羧基chloro Cl 氯代；氯基chloroformyl ClCO 氯甲酰；氯羰基cinnamenyl = styryl 苯乙烯基cinnamyl C6H5CH=CHCH2 肉桂基cresoxy = tolyloxy 甲苯氧基（邻、间或对）cresyl = ar-hydroxytoly或指tolyl 甲苯基（邻、间或对）crotonyl = crotonoyl 巴豆酰基cyano NC 氰基cyclobutyl C4H7 环丁基cycloheptyl C7H13 环庚基2,4cyclohexadienyl CH2CH=CHCH=CHCH 2，4-环己二烯基cyclohexenyl C6H9 （3种异构物）环己（邻、间、对）烯基cyclohexyl C6H11 环己基cyclopentadienyl C5H5 环戊二烯基cyclopentenyl C5H7 环戊烯基cyclopentyl C5H9 环戊基cyclopropyl C3H5 环丙基cystyl COCH(NH2)CH2SSCH2CH(NH2)CO 胱氨基decanoyl CH3(CH2)8CO 癸酰decyl CH3(CH2)8CH2 癸基diazo N=N 或 N=N= 重氮基diazoamino N=NNH 重氮亚氨基diazonium (NN) 重氮（化）dimethylamino (CH3)2N 二甲氨基diphenylmethyl (C6H5)2CH 二苯甲基dithio SS 二硫代dodecyl CH3(CH2)10CH2 十二（烷）基dotriacontyl CH3(CH2)30CH2 三十二（烷）基cicosyl CH3(CH2)18CH2 二十烷基epithio S 环硫；表硫；桥硫基联在已与其它原子依别种方法相联结的两个原子上epoxy O 环氧；表氧；桥氧基联在已与其它原子依别种方法相联结的两个原子上ethene=ethylene 乙烯 1，2-亚乙基ethenyl=ethylidyne或vinyl 乙烯基ethoxy C2H5O 乙氧基ethoxycarbonyl C2H5OOC 乙酯基；乙氧羰基ethoxyphenyl (C2H5O)C6H4 乙氧苯基ethyl CH3CH2 乙基ethylamino C2H5NH 乙胺基ethylene CH2CH2乙烯 1，2-乙基ethylenedioxy OCH2CH2O 亚乙二氧基ethylidene CH3CH= 亚乙基ethylidyne CH3C 次乙基ethylthio CH3CH2S 乙硫基ethynyl CHC 乙炔基fluoto F 氟代formamido OHCNH 甲酰胺基formyl OHC 甲酰fomryloxy HCOO 甲酸基；甲酰氧基fumaryl COCH=CHCO 富马酰；（反式）丁二烯酰furyl OC4H3 呋喃基两种异构物geranyl C10H17 牦牛儿基glucosvl C6H11O5 葡（萄）糖基glyceryl CH2CHCH2 甘油基；丙三基glyoxylyl = glyoxyloyl 乙醛酰hendecyl = undecyl 十一（烷）基heneicosyl CH3(CH2)19CH2 二十一（烷）基hentriacontyl CH3(CH2)29CH2 三十一（烷）基heptacosyl CH3(CH2)25CH2 二十七（烷）基heptadecanoyl CH3(CH2)15CO 十七（烷）酰heptadecyl CH3(CH2)15CH2 十七（烷）基heptanoyl CH3(CH2)5CO2 庚酰heptyl CH3(CH2)5CH2 庚基hexacontyl CH3(CH2)58CH2 六十（烷）基hexacosyl CH3(CH2)24CH2 二十六（烷）基hexadecanoyl CH3(CH2)14CO 十六（烷）酰hexadecyl CH3(CH2)14CH2 十六（烷）基hexamethylene CH2(CH2)4CH2 六亚甲基；1.6-亚己基hexanoyl CH3(CH2)4CO 己酰hexyl CH3(CH2)4CH2 己基hexylidene CH3(CH2)5CH= 亚己基histidyl N2C3H3CH2CH(NH2)CO 组氨酰hydrazino H2NNH 肼基；联氨基hydrazo NHNH 1，2-亚肼基hydrazono H2NN= 亚肼基；亚联氨基hydroxamino = hydroxyamino 羟氨基hydroximino = hydroxyimino 肟基hydroxy HO 羟基hydroxyamino HONH 羟氨基hydroxymethyl HOCH2 羟甲基-idene 亚加于任何一个基名之前，表示在联结处为双键iodo I 碘代isoamyl = isopentyl 异戊基isobutenyl = 2-methylpropenyl 异丁烯基；2-甲基丙烯基isobutoxy (CH3)2CHCH2O 异丁氧基原名 作取代基 作官能团烷烃：hydrocarbon alkyl烯烃：alkenes alkenyl炔烃：alkynes alkynyl卤代烃：alkyl halides氟：fluorine fluoro氯：chlorine chloro溴：bromine bromo碘：iodine iodo酚：pehnols hydroxy -ol醇：alcohols hydroxy -ol醚：ethers R-oxy -ether胺：amines amino -amine醛：aldehydes R-oxycarbonyl -al/-carbaldenhyde酮：ketones R-oxycarbonyl -one羟酸：carboxylic acid carboxy -carboxylicacacid(含碳)-oicacid(不含碳)酰卤：actyl halides halocarbonyl -harboxylhalide(含碳)-oylhalide(不含碳)酸酐：acidanhydrogrides酯：esters R-oxycarbonyl -caronylate(含碳)-oate(不含碳)腈：nitriles cyano -carboxamide(含碳)-mitrile(不含碳)酰胺：amides carbamoyl -carboxamide(含碳)-amide(不含碳)硝基：nitro烷 烯 炔甲：methane methene methyne乙：ethane ethene ethyne丙：propane propene propyne丁：butane butene butyne戊：pentane pentene pentyne己：hexane hexene hexyne庚：heptane heptene heptyne辛：octane octene octyne壬：nonane nonene nonyne癸：decane decene decyne作取代基时：词尾改为-yl.连苯：biphenyl萘：naphthalene联萘：binaphthalene蒽：anthrancene菲：phenanthrene芘：pyrene