湖南省长沙县实验中学高三英语 完型填空(Ⅱ)应试方法与技巧.doc

湖南省长沙县实验中学2013届高三英语完型填空()应试方法与技巧一、题型解读英语语言知识的第三节为完型填空(ii)，本节侧重考查考生语感以及语言的衔接、连贯、结构等语言知识运用的能力。分析此措辞，再比较完形填空第一节和第二节，可知： 1. 从考查的内容来看，第一节侧重考查词汇在语篇、语境中运用,关键词是 “语义”；而第二节考查功能语法，即侧重于考词汇在篇章中的交际功能, 关键词是 “衔接, 连贯”。 2. 从题型的形式看，第一节给定四个选项供考生选择，其中有一个正确选项；而第二节只给出空缺，没有选项，要求考生根据语境和自己已有的语法与词汇知识来填空，这对考生的语言知识的提取和运用能力提出了更高的要求。 3. 单词的拼写能力和词形变换能力也是一个很重要的考查方向。二、命题特点共8个小题，每题1.5分，满分12分。要求7分钟内完成。短文长度150240词，设空平均间距17词左右，考查语境，侧重运用。尽量避免名词和动词，答案不一定唯一。1. 从选材上看，文章题材贴近学生生活，体裁以记叙文和说明文为主。2. 从考点上看，考题以虚词考察为主，间或考察形容词的用法。下表以20102012年高考湖南卷完形式填空进行分析年份题材体裁考点词数2010便条在父母和孩子之间的作用说明文连词 2个 介词2个，代词2个，冠词1个，形容词1个1442011通过描述个人经历讲述上大学的好处记叙文连词2个 介词1个，代词2个，冠词1个，数词1个，形容词1个1282012怎样与朋友保持联系说明文连词2个，介词1个，代词2个，冠词1个，情态动词1个，否定副词1个137三、能力要求有篇章结构意识,在语境和语篇中理解句子内部结构，找出句与句、段与段之间的内容联系，把握细微区别。具体体现在：1. the ability of reading discourse 阅读/理解语篇的能力 2. analysis of sentence structure 分析句子结构的能力 3. the ability to use grammar 熟练运用语法的能力 7思考： 面对新完形填空如此繁杂的语法点，我们到底该怎么入手呢？我们在做完形填空(二)时, 可以从词性、词形两方面入手。一根据句子结构，确定词性e.g. (angry)(1) he looked at the children. (2) he looked at the news on the radio.【答案】(1) angrily (2) angry二根据上下文意义及语法，确定词形162冠 词连接词代 词53连 词介 词形容词/副词4解题技巧1：词性1）缺冠词 冠词考点：定冠词的基本用法，抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。e.g. the college entrance examination is coming, my parents promise:1) if i get high marks in the exam, i shall have _ iphone as _ prize.2）they will give me _ big surprise.3) of all the subjects, i like english best because it gives us _ useful knowledge of it.4) but my mood quickly changed when i saw _first question.【答案】1) an; a 2) a 3) a 4) the 2）缺代词 代词考点: 人称代词（主/宾）,（形容词/ 名词性）物主代词， 反身代词，替代词, it的用法等，可在句中充当主宾，同位语等。e.g. 1). lets start not to eat snake any more, because “to protect the snake is to protect_”. 2). _ is amazing that i won the first prize in the competition.3). get in the habit of remembering peoples names and using _ often. 4). i want to find a house with a beautiful garden, but i still havent found _ i like yet.【答案】1）ourselves 2）it 3）them 4）one 3） 缺介词 介词考点：常用介词的基本用法及在语境中的活用；固定搭配。e.g.1）_ a lot of work to do, he left school very early.2) in fact, choosing eco-fashion can also contribute _ our personal health 3)this was around the time that i was getting to be larger _ size than my father 4) in short, i believe that it is _ great use to keep a diary in english.【答案】1）with 2）to 3）in 4）of 4） 缺形容词或副词 形容词副词考点：形容词作定语和表语；比较级和最高级。形容词修饰名词；副词修饰adj./ v.或整个句子；e.g.1)when we got there, to our disappointment, we found the situation was much _ than expected. 2) i immediately felt _ of my violent behavior.3) of the mp3 we bought, mine is the _. it only cost me 100 yuan.4) animals and plants are disappearing many times faster _they have in the past 65 million years.【答案】1）worse 2）ashamed 3）cheapest 4）than 5） 缺连词 连词考点1：最常用的引导词有：wh- 连接词及其他各大从句引导词(从属连词)2：牢记特殊句式, 把握语境特征，利用关键词提示解题。as far as /as long as(只要) as is known to all/ as is (often) the case(像往常情况一样)as everyone can see(正如大家所了解到的)e.g. 1) see _ your son has done. 2) ill never forget the days _ i lived in the factory with the workers, _ is a great help to myarticle.3) after the war, a new school building was set up _ there has once been a theatre.4) _ this is included in good education, the children will surely have a bright future.5) i was _ upset that i violently ripped (撕破) it from my chest!6) it was only then _ he realized his own mistake.7) a nest is to a bird _ a house to a man .8) i was on the point of leaving _ it rained.9) _ hemingway puts it, “life breaks us all, but afterwards, many of us are strongest at the broken places. ”【答案】1）what 2）when ; which 3）where 4）if 5) so 6）that 7）what 8）when 9）as6） 缺连接词 连词考点3：要仔细把握句子逻辑关系，利用暗含信息 ,作出判断解题；此外还要注意连接词组在语境中的呼应对称特征。some others；not only but also；neither nor , either ore.g. 1) he has an high iq, _, he failed in school 2) human activity often changes or destroys the habitats that plants and animals need to survive. human populations are growing so fast. 3) in some cases, competition for resources among animals led to extinction and in cases, environmental changes caused extinction. 【答案】1）however 2）because /as/since 3）other解题技巧2：词形英语和汉语最大的不同在于英语有词形变化，变化主要涉及动词、代词、形容词、副词和名词。当确定所填的词是名词时，就要考虑是可数还是不可数名词，是单数还是复数名词。形容词有原级、比较级和最高级。如果是动词就要更加小心。首先要判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，主动还是被动，是现在分词还是过去分词，还是不定式。代词则要考虑是主格还是宾格。e.g. 1. china is _ than japan in size.2. one of the_ gift choices i ever made was for my high school english teacher, which made him very unhappy.3. the little boy pulled _ right hand out of the pocket【答案】1. bigger 2. worst 3. his【模拟试题演练】when you take a walk in any of the cities in the west, you often see a lot of people walking dogs. 1. is still true that a dog is the 2. useful and faithful animal in the world, 3. _ the reason why people keep a dog has changed. in the old days people used to train dogs to protect themselves against animal attacks. and later they came to realize that a dog was not 4. useful for protection but willing to obey his master. but now people in the city need not protect themselves against attacks of animals. 5. do they keep dogs, then? some people keep dogs to protect themselves from robbery. but the most important reason is 6. companionship. a dog is his best friend for 7._ child when he has no friends to play with. for young couples, a dog is their child when they have 8._ children. for old couples, a dog is also their child when their real children have grown up.【答案】1. it 2. most 3. but 4. only 5. why 6. for 7. a 8. no 【总结】解题四步走：1通读全文,理解大意 2分析句子,确定词性 3根据语义, 确定词形 4检查搭配, 前后连贯四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据每一个要填的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据。passage onethere are many exams, papers and projects to accomplish before the end of a year. so your children may feel lazy and restless at the end of a term. _1_ , even when they are leeling this way, _2_ is important to keep them on track so their last semester is just _3_ successful as the first.giving your children a motivator is a good way to keep them focused on the rest of the year. if _4_ goal is high grades, tell them they can earn a special treat _5_ they bring home appropriate grades on _6_ yearend report card. the motivator _7_ be a special ice cream on the last day of school, an outing they have been asking for, _8_ a sleepover with friends during the first week of the school holidays.keys: 1. however 2. it 3. as 4. your 5. if 6. the 7. can 8. orpassage twofriendship plays an important part in our life. people often wonder _1_ we can make friends and make lasting friendships. the following are some tips.next time you plan to host a special event _2_ celebrate a holiday, ask a neighbour or a co-worker you dont know well to share the activities _3_ you.after the activities, you may understand each other _4_ and become good friends later. another good way is to remember a persons birthday. how happy he will be when you turn _5_ with a gift on his birthday. and here is one more challenging thought- to invite an enemy. kindness is _6_ powerful weapon _7_ can turn enemies into friends. even if the person you invited may not want to come, the invitation _8_ will create a change in your relationship.keys. 1. how 2. or 3. with 4. better 5. up 6. a 7. that/which 8. itselfpassage threethe earth is suffering. the worrying signs are everywhere _1_ our daily lives. polluted water and air , dissappearing forests and endangered wildlife are just a few of _2_ concerns that people around the world face in the 21st century.how can we “ go green “ ? start small. recycle the bottles. _3_ is reported that americans buy about 25 billion plastic water bottles every year. if _4_ can recycle them, we can save plenty of recources and reduce the amount of waste we produce. save electricity at home by turning _5_ computers and television that arent in use. go to school on foot _6_ by bike instead of by driving a car. _7_ we know, cars can give off poisonous gas. we could even grow our own gardens, or participate in a clean-up of the nearby streets or parks._8_ we want a safe world for generations to come, its up to all of us to take actions.keys. 1. in 2. the 3. it 4. we 5. off 6. or 7. as 8. ifpassage fourthe one last piece of advice, though, that i would have that has been useful for me is the people who i admire the most and are most successful, theyre not 48. thinking only about themselves but theyre also thinking about something larger than 49. . that the people who really make their marks on the world is because they have 50. bigger ambition. they say, 51. can i help feed hungry people? or, how can i help to teach children who dont have an education? or, how can i bring 52. peaceful resolution of conflicts? those are the people i think 53. end up making such a big difference in the world, 54. im sure that young people like you are going to be able to make that kind of diff