专八复习之美国文学整理.docx

时期作者属性作品成就殖民地时期Captain John SmithwriterA True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony; A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the CountryThe first American writerWilliam BradfordWriterThe History of Plymouth PlantationJohn WinthropWriterThe History of New EnglandRoger WilliamsWriterA key into the Language of America, or, A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England独立革命时期（18th Century）启蒙运动（Enlightenment）Benjamin FranklinScientist,Natural philosopher,Statesmen,Literary manDraft The Declaration of Independence; Poor Richards Almanac; AutobiographyOne of the most important American thinkersPhilip FreneaupoetThe Wild Honey Suckle; To the Memory of the Brave AmericansFather of American PoetryThomas JeffersonDrafter of The Declaration of Independence美国第三届总统前浪漫主义时期（1770s-1830s）Washington IrvingWriterThe Sketch Book: Rip Van Winkle and Legend of Sleepy Hollow (the beginning of American Romanticism)The first American author to achieve international distinctionWilliam Cullen BryantPoet (Nature)First collection Poems (8): To a Water Fowl, The Yellow Violet;Poetic translations of Homers Iliad and OdysseyThe first American lyric poet of distinctionJames Fennimore CooperNovelistLeatherstocking Tales (5): The Pioneers, The Last of the Mohicans, The Prairie, The Pathfinder, The Deerslayer后浪漫主义时期（1830-1860）Ralph Waldo Emerson思想家、散文作家、诗人 (nature and meditation)NatureTwo types: poetry and essaysHead of the Transcendental MovementWalt WhitmanPoet (has edited his own weekly newspaper, the Long Island)Leaves and Grass: marked the birth of truly American poetry, changed him into one of Americans greatest and most original poets;Song of Myself is the most famous poem in the collectionA great democratic poet; the first great American poet to use free verseNathaniel HawthorneNovelist (concern moral or ethical problems; human soul)The Scarlet Letter: first symbolic novel: main character: Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingworth, Arthur Dimmesdale;The House of the Seven GablesThe first great American writer of fictionHerman MelvilleNovelist, poetMoby Dick (白鲸)Henry Wadsworth LongfellowPoet (highly spiritual)Evangeline: his greatest successSong of Hiawatha: long poemExcellent translation: Dantes Divine Comedy (神曲)A Psalm of Life (人生礼赞): shorter poemHis shorter poems make him Americans best-known poetEdgar Allan PoePoet, novelist, criticPoems: The Helen; The Raven; Annabel LeeNovel: The Fall of the House of UsherFirst American professional writer and the first writer of detective story in the worldHarriet Beecher Stowe女作家Uncle Toms Cabin (the litter woman who wrote the book that made this great war-President Lincoln)Emily Dickinson女诗人 (theme: love, nature, friendship, death and immortality)Because I Could Not Stop for DeathIm Nobody, Who Are You?(终身未嫁)Regard after her death as a chief poet, as great as Whitman in 19th CenturyHenry David ThoreauWriter, thinkerWalden (瓦尔登湖)Life in the Woods现实主义时期 (after the Civil War, the beginning of The Gilded Age (1865-1914) by Mark Twain, the development of the Far West( Gold Rush)Mark Twain (pen name: Samuel Langhorne Clemens)Writer (filled with humor)The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (Tom Sawyer);The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Huck Finn);Life on the Mississippi;The Prince and the Pauper (王子与贫儿): historical romanceOne of Americas first and foremost realists and humorists,Stephen CranewriterThe Red Badge of Courage: a landmark in American literary NaturalismTheodore DreisernovelistSister Carrie (first novel; most popular)An America Tragedy (masterpiece)Trilogy of Desire ( 欲望三部曲): The Financier, The Titan, and The StoicOne of Americas greatest Naturalist writers: open a new ground of American NaturalismHenry JamesnovelistThe American (most important)The Portrait of a LadyThe Wings of the DoveThe Golden BowlO. Henry短篇小说家The Cop and the AnthemThe Last LeafThe Gift of Magi曼哈顿桂冠散文作家，the father of the modern short story (美国生活的幽默百科全书)Jack LondonwriterThe Call of the WildLove of Life (热爱生命)Martin EdenEdwin Arlington RobinsonpoetThe Town Down the RiverThe Man Against the Sky现代主义时期 (after World War 1, The lost generation, Jazz Age)Earnest HemingwaynovelistThe Sun Also RiseA Farewell to Arms (financial success, masterpiece)For Whom the Bell Tolls (his own favorite)The Old Man and the Sea (was awarded the 1953 Pulitzer Prize)In 1954, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for LiteratureEzra PoundPoet, criticCantos (116): In a Station of the MetroThe father of modern American poetryFrancis Scott FitzgeraldnovelistThe Great Gatsby (masterpiece)Tender Is the Night (夜色温柔) (second masterpiece)Leader of the Jazz Age, one of the best American writers of the 20th CenturyRobert Frost (was given 18 honorary degrees in his late years)Poet (The best known and the most welcome of the New England poets) A Boys WillNorth of BostonMending WallStopping by the Woods on a Snowy EveningThe Road Not TakenDesert PlacesAlong with Ezra Pound, he is now regarded as one of the undisputed masters of modern American poet. William Faulkner (was awarded the Noble Prize of Literature in 1950)Novelist (represent the Deep South, central theme: the human heart in conflict with itself)18 novels and 3 volumes of short storiesThe Sound and the Fury (most favorite and difficult)As I Lay DyingLight in AugustAbsalom, AbsalomOne of the most important American novelists of the 20th CenturyWilla Cather女作家My AntoniaSherwood AndersonnovelistWinesburg, OhioDeath in the WoodsThe Triumph of the EggsSinclair LewisnovelistMain StreetBabbittEugene ONeil戏剧家Beyond the HorizonThe Hairy ApeDesire Under the ElmsThe Iceman ComethJohn SteinbecknovelistThe Grapes of Wrath1945年后的美国文学 (19502: the Beat Generation; 1960s: black humor; 1970s: all kinds of literary: the southern fiction, Jewish fiction, psychological fiction and scien