专题二-介词、介词短语和动词短语高考必备.docx

专题二 介词、介词短语和动词短语知识清单介词、动词短语介词方位介词：above, across, along, among, around, at, below, beside, between, down 时间介词：after, at, before, by, during, for, from, in, on, over, since, through, till, until, within表工具、手段、方式的介词：by, on , over, with, in 表示支持、反对的介词：with, for, from, of, over其他常用介词：besides, except, but, with, by, beyond, about, on, of等常用介词短语、搭配动词短语动词+介词：account for, act as, adapt to, add up, add to, adjust to, agree with, agree to, agree on, aim at, appeal to, approve of, belong to, benefit from, break down, break off, break into, break through, burst into, call for, care about, care for, carry on, concentrate on, consist of, date from, deal with, depend on, do with, dream of, enter for, exchangefor， feed on，focus on，insist on, know of, learn from, listen to, long for, look after, look for, look into, object to, refer to, result from, result in , run into, send for, stand for, stick to, succeed in, suffer from, think about, turn to, worry about 等动词+副词+介词：add up to, break away from, catch up with, date back to, do well in, get down to, get on with, look down upon, look forward to, team up with 等 动词+名词+介词：catch sight of, do harm to, have an effect on, lose sight of, make fun of, make room for, make sentence with, make use of, pay attention to, play a part in, play a role in, play a trick on, set an example to, show interest in, show respect for, take a message for, take advantage of, take care of, take notice of, take part in, take the place of 等考点清单考点一 介词及介词短语一、 介词的分类（1） 表示空间关系的介词at, (a)round, by, on, in, under, over, above, below, behind, in front of, inside, outside, beside, among, near to, away from, off, beyond, past, up, across, opposite（2） 表示时间的介词At, on, in, between, since, for, during, until, till, by, after, before, fromto（3） 表示方式、方法、手段介词With/in/by用（表示行为的工具、手段或方式）By/in/on 用，乘（表示旅行的方式）（4） 表示方向的介词to, at, from, into, out of, along, (a)round, for, off（5） 环绕，围绕Above, over（6） 表示“除以外”的介词Except, besides, but, other than(=except), apart/aside from（7） 表示“关于”的介词on, about, of（8） 表示“具有”“没有”的介词With, without（9） 表示“原因”的介词Because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, on account of, as a result of, with, for, at, of （10） 表示“代替”的介词Instead of, in place of二、 常考介词短语 1. 介词与名词的常用搭配6（1）at+n.表示状态at a loss 不知所措 at breakfast 早餐时 at peace 处于和平中 at rest 静止，不动at sea 在海上，航海 at war 在战争中at work 在工作（2）at+n.表示时间at Chrismas 在圣诞节 at dusk 在黄昏at dawn 在黎明 at daybreak 在拂晓at midnight 在午夜 at night 在夜里at noon 在正午 at present 目前at sunrise 日出时（3）以at开头组成的短语at the beginning of 在的开始at the cost of 以的代价 1. Addaddto 把加到上面add to 增添add up to加起来总共add up把加起来2. AgreeAgree on 就达成共识Agree to 同意Agree with 同意，适合，和一致3. BreakBreak away from 脱离，突然挣脱Break down 失败，被搞垮，分解，（机器或车辆等）出故障，坏掉 Break into 强行闯入 Break in on 打断，搅扰 Break out 爆发 Break up 解散 Break off 停顿，中断 Break through 突破4. BringBring about 引起，造成Bring down 使倒下；降低（价格）Bring in 赚得Bring on 引起，导致Bring sth on 促使（作物、水果等）生长Bring out阐明Bring up 抚养；呕吐Bring forward 提出Bring sth forward 将（的日期或时间）提前5. CallCall for 需要；需求Call in on sb = drop in on sb，call in at sb =drop in at sb 顺便拜访某人Call in 找来，请来；召集Call off 取消Call upon 请/叫（某人做某事）Call on 号召Call out 喊，叫Call up 使想起某事物，使回忆起某物6. CareCare for 在意，关心；照顾，照料Would you care for sth = Would you like sth（礼貌用语）你喜欢/要吗？Care about 关心，关怀7. Carry Carry on 进行；继续进行下去Carry out 完成；履行Carry sth through=complete sth successfully 顺利完成，顺利实现8. Catch Catch fire=start to burn 着火Catch ones breath 恢复正常呼吸Catch ones eye/attention 引起某人的注意Catch on= understand 理解Be caught in=be stuck in 被困住Get caught in=be hooked in 被钩住Catch sight of 看见Catch up with赶上9. Check Check in （在旅馆、机场等）登记Check in ones luggage （托运）行李 Check out 结账离开（旅馆等）10. Come Come true 变成现实Come about 发生Come across （无意中）碰到，找到；被理解，被弄懂Come on 快点儿Come out 出版；开花；考试结果，考第名Come out with说出（尤指令人吃惊或粗鲁的话）When it comes to 谈到，涉及Sth/sb come to light 被发现，被大家知道Come up 被提及Come up with提出Come to oneself 苏醒过来Come to an end结束Come into effect/force开始生效Come to a conclusion/decision 得出结论/作出决定Come into being/existence 开始存在，成立，产生Come to power 开始执政11. Cut Cut sth off 切断，切下来Cut out （马达或发动机）突然熄火，停止运转；戒掉，不吃Cut up 切碎Cut down 砍倒Cut sth down 削减，减少Cut through 开辟（出路或通道）12. Die Die away/down（指风、声、光等）逐渐减弱，逐渐平息Die out 灭绝，不复存在Die for 极度渴望13. DoDo up 包，扎，系，捆；整理，收拾Do oneself up 梳妆打扮Do away with 废除Do harm to sb. 对有害Do good to sb. 对有好处Do without （sb./with）（尤与can或could连用）不用或没有某人/某物也行Have something/nothing/a lot to do with与有些/没有/有很大关系14. EndEnd up with以告终End up sth with sth 以结束End up 最后（有某种结局/成了）End in 以告终，结果是15. Fall Fall behind 落后于Fall in love with 爱上，喜欢上Fall down 不能令人满意，不够好Fall into=be divided into 被分成Fall in with = agree with 赞同16. Fix Fix the date for约定的日期Fix ones attention on 注意17. Get Get back 回来，取回Get up 起床，起身Get sb through 给接通电话Get throu