高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材重点全程攻略 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors讲义 新人教版选修8.doc

unit 5 meeting your ancestors话题素材古代文化话题词汇1historian n. 历史学家2primitive adj. 原始的3ancient adj. 古代的4civilized adj. 文明的5hardship n. 苦难6cultural gap 文化差距7originate from 起源于8come into being 形成；产生；出现9historic relics 历史遗产10date back to/date from 追溯到11in memory of 为了纪念12pass down 传递；使流传13look back at history 回顾历史14settle in 定居；安顿下来15ancient society 古代社会经典佳句1in the course of history, every event will exert its influence on the_past and the_present.在历史的发展进程中，每一事件都会对当时和过去产生影响。2life consists_of_not_only sunshine but_also hard times.生活充满的不仅仅是阳光，还有艰苦岁月。3this is the_site_of upper cave man, where our ancestors once lived.这就是山顶洞人的遗址，我们祖先在远古生活的地方。精美语篇to the southwest of beijing lies zhoukoudian, where peking man are believed to have lived. they lived in the caves, regardless of the cold. they didnt have mats, blankets or quilts. but they made fires to cook the food, scare wild beasts away and keep warm.peking man didnt grow their own crops but picked fruit when it ripened and hunted animals with a spear. they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin, onto which they rubbed an ample amount of salt to make it soft. they used a needle, which was at most three centimeters long, to make clothes whose materials are the skins of the animals. they even wore a primitive necklace, which was made of seashells.peking man suffered from cold, starvation and diseases. however, the discovery of the cave is of great significance to the study of human history.高频单词1alternative (n.) 可能的选择 (adj.) 供选择的；其他的2starvation (n.) 挨饿；饿死starve (vi.) 挨饿；饿死3accuracy (n.) 精确；准确accurate (adj.) 准确的；精确的4interrupt (vt.& vi.) 打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止5acute (adj.) 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的6assume (vt.) 假定；设想；承担assumption (n.) 假定；承担7sharpen (vi.& vt.) (使)锋利；尖锐；清晰sharp (adj.) 锋利的；尖锐的sharpener (n.) 磨具；削具8messy (adj.) 凌乱的；脏的mess (n.) 凌乱；脏9analysis (n.) (pl.analyses) 分析analyse (vt.) 分析；分解10ripen (vt. & vi.) 使成熟；成熟ripe (adj.) 成熟的11significance (n.) 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义significant (adj.) 重要的12somehow (adv.) 以方式；不知怎么地13systematic (adj.)有系统的；有计划的；有条理的system (n.) 系统；体系14delete (vt.) 删；删除15receptionist (n.) 接待员；招待员receive (v.) 收到；接待reception (n.) 接待处；欢迎16division (n.) 分割；划分；分配；分界线divide (vt.) 划分；隔开；分割17applaud (vi.& vt.) 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏applause (n.) 鼓掌18accelerate (vi.& vt.) 加速；促进acceleration (n.) 加速19arrest (vt.) 逮捕；吸引 (n.) 逮捕；拘留arresting (adj.) 引人注意的；很有吸引力的重点短语1have no alternative but to do . 别无选择；只好2regardless_of 不管；不顾3keep_out 阻止进入4at_most 至多；最多5cut_up 切碎6fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦7look ahead 向前看；为将来打算8arrest sb. for . 因而逮捕某人9with relief 欣慰地；轻松地10date back to 追溯到；始于热点句型1it seems (to sb.) that . “(对某人来说)似乎”it_seems_that (看起来似乎) they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.(教材p38)2as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，意为“正如；正像”yes, indeed, as_the_botanical_analyses_have_shown_us (正如植物学的分析结果已经向我们展示的), all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.(教材p39)3if only 常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句，表示“要是就好了”if_only (要是就好了) it could be just like last year！(教材p43)4“had过去分词 . when .”表示“刚刚这时”she had_almost_reached (就要到达) her destination when (这时) a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.(教材p43)5only to do表示意想不到的或令人失望的结果，意思是“结果却”abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up (结果却被搂了起来) by her laughing, shouting sister, luna.(教材p43)同步训练在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1it is a great pleasure to meet you students from england, _ are interested in archaeology.答案：who2you must be aware that its here _ we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.答案：that3so we think it is reasonable _ (assume) they lived in these caves, regardless _ the cold.答案：to assume; of4they couldnt have mats, blankets or quilts like we do. it must _ (be) very uncomfortable.答案：have been5they might have kept the fire _ (burn) all winter.答案：burning6we havent found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep _ the cold during the freezing winter.答案：out7we know that they moved around, _ (follow) the herds of animals.答案：following8thats _ they are called hunters and gatherers.答案：why9he had a large, square face, _ strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones.答案：with10lala smiled and handed some stone scrapers over to dahu, _ smiled and went outside the cave to begin his task.答案：who1 alternativeadj.供选择的；其他的 n可能的选择；选择对象教材原句can you think of the alternatives we would use today？(p37)你能想到我们今天可供利用的办法吗？(1)have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择theres no alternative . 别无选择an alternative to . 的替代品(2)alternatively adv.可供选择地im afraid i have_no_alternative_but_to_report you to the police.恐怕除了向警方告发你以外，我别无选择了。if you dont like the school lunch, you have_the_alternative_of_bringing your own.要是你不喜欢学校的午餐，你可以选择自己带饭。联想“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式ahave no choice but to do sth.bcannot but do sth.ccan do nothing but do sth.dcannot help/choose but do sth.2 interruptvt.& vi.打断讲话；暂时中断或中止；打岔教材原句im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here？(p38)对不起，打断了你的讲话，但是他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？(1)interrupt sb./sth. (with sth.) (因某事)打断某人/某事(2)interruption n. 打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物without interruption 连续地；不断地；不受打扰they were_interrupted by a sudden and urgent knock at the door.他们被突然而急促的敲门声打断了。lets go somewhere where we can talk without_interruption.我们去个说话不受打扰的地方吧。3 assumevt.假定；设想；承担教材原句so we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.(p38)所以我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。(1)assume sb./sth. to be 假定/假设某人/某事为it is assumed that . 被认为(2)assumption n. 假定；假设make an assumption 认为；假定on the assumption that . 假定(3)assuming (that) conj. 假设，假定(4)类似assuming引导条件状语从句时，用法相似的表达有：supposing (that) conj. 假设；假如provided/providing (that) conj. 只要；如果given that conj. 鉴于；考虑到considering prep. & conj. 鉴于；考虑到we assumed_him_to_be the best writer of our time.我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。it_is generally assumed_that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，压力是由于工作过多导致。assuming/supposing (that) it rains, what shall we do?假如下雨的话，我们该怎么办？4 somehowadv.以某种方式(或方法)；不知怎么地教材原句somehow he cycled thirty miles to dr black because there was no alternative means of transport. (p40)不管怎样他都会骑车去三十英里之外的布莱克博士那儿，因为没有其他可供选择的交通方式。somehow常用于陈述句、否定句，可置于句首或句尾，修饰全句。both commentators, somehow,_are missing the point.不知怎么地，两位评论员都跑题了。dont worry, well get the money back somehow.别担心，我们总会把那些钱设法拿回来的。as we all know, most of us middle school students feel somehow nervous whenever were taking an important exam.众所周知，我们大多数中学生在要参加重要考试时，都会紧张。易混辨析anyhowanyway，意为“无论如何”somehow意为“以某种方式”或“由于某种原因；不知怎么地”somewhat意为“有点；稍微”用anyhow, somehow, somewhat的适当形式填空ai knew i wanted to make a difference in the world somehow,_but i had no idea how to do that.bthe price was somewhat higher than id expected.cit may rain, but anyhow i shall go out. i dont mind the rain.单句语法填空1the river forms the _ (divide) between the old and new parts of the city.答案：division由空格前的the可知，此处应填名词形式。名词division，意为“分界线”。2blood samples were sent to the laboratory for _(analyse)答案：analysis句意：血样已被送往实验室进行血液分析。由空格前的介词for可知，此处应填名词形式。3how did ebbesmeyer prove his _ (assume)?答案：assumption句意：ebbesmeyer是如何证明他的假定的？由句意及his均可判定，设空处应填名词形式。4while working out the problem, you should pay more attention to the _ (accurate)答案：accuracy句意：在解决问题的时候，你应该多注意准确性。由空格前的冠词the可知，此处填名词形式。5they _ (sharp) chopsticks and use them as weapons.答案：sharpen句意：他们把筷子削尖用作武器。该句缺少谓语动词，and连接并列谓语，由use的时态可知此处填sharpen。.单句改错1i had no alternative but report him to the headteacher._答案：report前加to2he could have finished it on schedule, but anyhow he fell behind._答案：anyhowsomehow3i managed to work for two hours without interrupt._答案：interruptinterruption4the plan to be carried out is of great significant to peoples lives there._答案：significantsignificance5a friend has been arrested of possession of guns._答案：第一个offorregardless of 不管；不顾教材原句so we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves， regardless of the cold. (p38)所以我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。(1)regardless of the fact that . 不管/不顾(2)in spite ofdespite 不顾/虽然/尽管(3)as regardsregardingin/with regard to 关于；至于(4)regard . as . 把看作our club is open to everyone regardless_of age, sex or educational background.我们的俱乐部对每一个人开放，不管年龄、性别或教育背景。in_spite_of/despite his age, he still leads an active life.尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。date back to (date from) 追溯到教材原句all the objects are from the same excavation site in sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.(p44)所有物品都来自于三星堆遗址的同一挖掘现场，它们可追溯到3,000至5,000年前。date back todate from 追溯到；始于up to date 时髦的out of date 过时的the church dates_from/dates_back_to the 13th century.这座教堂建于13世纪。according to the expert, the temple has a history dating_back to the early tang dynasty.那位专家说这座寺庙的历史可追溯到初唐时期。this is an old building dating_back_to/dating_from the 14th century.这是一座始于14世纪的古老建筑。.选词填空look ahead; at most; have no alternative but to do; arrest . for; with relief1i _ turn to my parents for help.答案：have no alternative but to2there is only ten meters from here _.答案：at most3hes trying to _ at what might happen and be ready to handle it.答案：look ahead4she _ drugrelated offences.答案：was arrested for5he watched _ as the girl nodded.答案：with relief.完成句子1_， we have to follow his decisions.无论他是对还是错，我们得服从他的决定。答案：regardless of whether he is right or wrong2the modern history of italy _ 1860.意大利的现代史可以追溯到1860年。答案：dates back to/dates from3tony, why are your eyes red?i _ peppers for the last five minutes.托尼，你的眼睛为什么是红的？那是因为近5分钟以来我一直在切辣椒。答案：have been cutting up4_ the housework all the time, she has hired a cleaner.厌倦了一直做家务，她请了一名清洁工。答案：fed up with doing5please _ the room. its too dirty and noisy.请别让狗进屋，它太脏太吵了。答案：keep the dog out ofif only “但愿；要是就好了”，常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句。(1)“if only . could/would/mightdo .”表示对将来事情的愿望。(2)“if only . did .”表示对与现在事实相反的愿望。(3)“if only . had done .”表示对与过去事实相反的愿望。if_only the whole family could_be united during the spring festival!今年春节全家能团圆就好了！if only i_had enough money to buy an iphone!如果我有足够的钱买一部iphone，那该多好啊！if only i_had_remembered to lock the door!要是我没忘记锁门就好了！易混辨析if only用来表达愿望，意为“但愿；要是就好了”，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气only if由副词only和从属连词if组合而成，only仅起强调作用，意为“只要”；“onlyif状语”位于句首时，引起主句部分倒装用if only, only if的适当形式填空aif_only i could speak several foreign languages.bonly_if you promise not to invite mary will i come. abruptly she sat down， only to be scooped up by her laughing， shouting sister， luna.(p43)突然间她坐了下去，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。(1)only to do sth.“不料；结果”，动词不定式作结果状语，表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果。(2)现在分词作结果状语多表示顺其自然的结果。he came back in the late afternoon only_to_discover that his suitcase was gone.下午晚些时候他回来，结果却发现手提箱不见了。the sun began to rise in the sky, bathing the mountain in golden light.太阳开始升上天空，使大山沐浴在金色的阳光中。he has got married and settled in australia, thus leaving his family in hong kong.他结婚定居在澳洲，因此把他的家人留在了香港。.单句语法填空1tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ (find) his plane high up in the sky.答案：to find固定句式“onlyto do”表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果。此处不定式用作结果状语。2his parents died two years ago, _ (leave) him an orphan.答案：leaving现在分词作结果状语，表示顺其自然的结果。3the bus was held up by snowstorm, thus _ (cause) the delay.答案：causing此处表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词。句意：公共汽车被暴风雪所阻，因而造成了延误。.完成句子1look at the trouble i am in! if only i _.看看，我陷入麻烦了！要是我听了你的建议就好了。答案：had followed your advice2if only i _ a new cd but i _ enough money then.要是当时我买了一张新的唱片多好啊，可是钱不够。答案：had bought; didnt have动词时态：现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间一直持续到现在，其动作是否持续下去，则由上下文决定。1叙述某一动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，仍在继续之中或刚刚停止。常与for, since, all morning/day/week等状语连用。the telephone has been ringing for almost a minute. why doesnt someone answer it?电话响了几乎一分钟，为什么没有人接呢？2表示重复的动作。有时现在完成进行时表示的动作并不是一直不停地进行，而是在断断续续的重复。weve spent too much money recently.well, it isnt surprising. our friends and relatives have been coming around all the time.最近我们花了太多的钱。好啦，这不惊奇。我们的朋友和亲戚一直来访。3表示“刚才、近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，此时一般通过上下文语境来判断。she has been sweeping the street all day. she is too tired.她整天在打扫街道，她太累了。4带有浓重的感情色彩，强调持续了“那么久”或做得“那么辛苦”。oh, youve come at last! i have been waiting for you for two long hours.哦，你终于来了！我一直等了你两小时。.单句语法填空1we _ (wait) here for more than two hours.答案：have been waiting句意：我们已经在这里等了两个多小时。指动作从过去持续至今仍在继续，故用现在完成进行时。2since the time humankind started gardening, we _ (try) to make our environment more beautiful.答案：have been trying句意：自从人类开始园艺劳动以来，我们一直在设法使我们的环境变得更加美丽。由句意可知，应用现在完成进行时。时间状语since the time humankind started gardening也是提示。3where is peter? i cant find him anywhere.he went to the library after breakfast and _ (write) his essay there ever since.答案：has been writing由时间状语ever since可知，write这一动作从过去某一时刻一直持续到现在，故用现在完成进行时。4the girl has a great interest in sport and _ (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.答案：has been taking句意：那个女孩对运动很感兴趣，在过去的三年中，她每周参加两次羽毛球课程。由时间状语over the last three years及句意可知，谓语动词应用现在完成进行时。5marty _ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by friday.答案：has been working句意：马蒂一直在努力写他的书，他想他在周五前会完成它。根据句中的by friday可判断出，work这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，并将继续下去，故用现在完成进行时。.单句改错1tom has been dig in the garden. ive been helping him._答案：digdigging2joseph had been going to evening classes since last month, but he still cant say “whats your name？” in russian._答案：hadhas3the manager has been told the workers how to improve the program since 9 am._答案：toldtelling.阅读理解a2016四川高考in the depths of the french guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous (土著的) people. surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. and yet, people in this area are in fact french citizens because it has been a colony (殖民地) of the french republic since 1946. in theory, they should live by the french law. however, their remote locations mean that the french law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.the lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a frenchman from paris called gin. gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, cayenne.“i have a special love for the french guianese people. i have worked there on and off for almost ten years，” says gin. “ive been able to keep firm friendships with them. thus i have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. i dont see it as a lawless land. but rather i see it as an area of freedom.”“i wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life，” continues gin. “i prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.” his blackandwhite pictures present a world almost lost in time. these pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. these local citizens now have to balance their traditional selfsupporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern french republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，题材为社会生活类。文章主要介绍了居住在法属圭亚那热带雨林深处的土著居民。由于居住地偏远，他们过着一种未开化的生活，但同时也受到了现代法国生活方式的影响。1why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in french guiana?athey seldom follow the french law.bthey often ignore the guianese law.cthey are separated from the modern world.dthey are both guianese and french citizens.答案：a细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，这些人主要按照他们自己的法律和社会习俗生活，很少遵守法国法律。故答案为a项。2gin introduces the special world of the indigenous guianese as_.aa tour guide ba geographerca film director da photographer答案：d细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“a photographic record”可知，gin是以摄影师的身份来向人们介绍这些土著居民的。故答案为d项。3what is gins attitude towards the lives of the indigenous guianese?acautious. bdoubtful.cuninterested. dappreciative.答案：d推理判断题。根据第三段第一句及最后两句的描述“我看到的不是一个目无法律的世界，而是一片自由的乐土。”可推断出，摄影师gin很欣赏他们的生活方式。故选d项。4what does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?athe modern french lifestyle.bthe selfsupporting hunting.cthe uncivilized world.dthe french republic.答案：a指代判断题。根据画线词后的内容可知，随之而来的不仅有必要的社会福利，还有酗酒、背叛甚至是自杀，这些变化是与传统的自给自足的狩猎生活方式不同的现代的法国生活方式所导致的，故it应指“现代的法国生活方式”。故选a项。bin ancient egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment. modern businesses have been following his lead, with more tactics (策略)one tactic involves where to display the goods. for example, stores place fruits and vegetables in the f