八年级英语(人教版)教案Unit2Howdoyoucometoschool.doc

第二单元How do you come to school?一、教法建议二、抛砖引玉单元双基学习目标 .词汇学习： moon,sun,ship,another,sea,by,walk,foot,train,fine,clean,eighth,on,foot,by bus,by bike,by car,by train,by plane,by ship,the sun,the moon,fifth,land,usually,air .语法学习：复习、巩固一般现在时态 .交际英语： How do you come to school? How many students come by bus? Its a fine day for a walk. Oh.dear! Thats right.指点迷津单元重点词汇点拨 1.moon月亮，月球 The earth is bigger than the moon.地球比月球大。 【点拨】mooncake月饼，moonlight月光，两个都是合成词。 2.sun太阳，阳光 The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。 Dont read in the sun.别在阳光下看书。 【点拨】sunrise日出，sunset日落。该词与moon同，前要加定冠词，因为均是世界上独一无二的。 3.ship船 Im going there by ship.我将乘船去那里。 There are a lot of soldiers on this ship.这艘船上有许多士兵。 【点拨】该词还可作动词表“用船运”。如：by ship乘船。 They are going ship the machines to Shanghai.他们打算把这些机器用船运往上海。 4.another再一，又一，另一 Will you have another cup of tea?你要再喝一杯茶吗? Thats quite another matter.那完全是另一回事。 【点拨】该词可作代词作，意思同形容词。如： 5.land陆地，土地，田地 Ill go by land.我将从陆路去。 The land in this area is sandy.这地区的土地是沙士。 【点拨】该词亦可作动词，表“登陆，目岩，降落”。如：by land通过陆地。 The pilot landed the plane safely.驾驶员使飞机安全着陆。 We landed at London.我们在伦敦着陆。 6.by乘(车，船，飞机等) 1)他乘飞机(船，公共汽车等)去那儿。 He went there by air.(by sea,by bus).他乘飞机去那儿。 2)在旁边(附近)，靠近(地点) Come and sit by me.来坐在我旁边。 His house is by the sea.他的房子在海边。 3)经(过)，越(过) We went by the gate.我们走过这个大门。 He walked by me.他从我身边走过。 4)到，到为上，在之前(表示时间) He will be back by three.他将在三点钟以前回来。 He ought to be here by now.他此刻应该到了。 5)用，靠，被(表示方式，手段) He makes a living by teaching.他靠教书为生。 【点拨】该词作介词意义广泛，在不同的场合有不同的意义。另外，它还可作副词用。如： He went by without a word.他一句话没说就走过去了。 7.walk走，步行 Mh father is walking in the garden.我父亲正在花园散步。 【点拨】这个词还可作名词表“走，散步”讲。如： Would you like to go for a walk?你愿意出去散散步吗? The shop is a short walk from our house.这家商店离我家要走一小段路。 8.foot脚，英尺 A dog has four feet.狗有四只脚。 He got hurt in the foot.他的脚受了伤。 【点拨】注意该词的特殊复数形式是feet。 9.parent父亲，母亲 Heres a letter from your parents.这里有一封你父亲的来信。 【点拨】注意该词常用复数。 10.train火车 I like to travel by train.我喜欢乘火车旅游。 The train arrived on time.火车准时到达。 【点拨】“乘火车”用“by train”，中间不加the。如：take a train乘火车。单元词组思维运用 1.by bus(car,train,air,ship)乘公共汽车(小汽车，火车，飞机，轮船)，是介词短词。 在句子中作状语。如： I came back by bus.我乘公共汽车回来的。 Shall we walk or go by bus?我们是步行去还是乘公共汽车去。 They went to Beijing by train.他们乘火车到北京去了。 We shall go to Shanghai by air.我们将乘飞机去上海。 【提示】by在这里表示运动的方式、手段，是“凭借，依靠，利用，由”的意思。如：by bike骑自行车，by sea(river ,land)由海路(水路，陆路)。注意：表达这个意思时，by后面的名词要使用原形，也就是说不能变成复数，也不能加冠词，但可以说：on a train,in a car,on a bike. 2.on foot 步行，徒步 【提示】介词短语，在句子中作状语，此处名词foot须用单数。同上词只是介词的使用不同。 They left the train at Xian,and went home on foot.他们在西安下了火车步行回家。 Do you go to school on foot by bike?你是步行上学还是骑自行车上学? 3.have meal吃饭 Usually I go home to have my meal.通常我回家吃饭。 I had a meal with Tom yesterday.我昨天与汤姆一起进餐。 【提示】表示吃饭的“吃”在口语中常用have或take。 4.come from来自，是(某地方)的人 【提示】短语动词，不用于进行时，类似于be from。 He comes from America.他是美国人。 His money came from a rich uncle.他的钱财来自一位富有的叔父。 5.get to 到达，到(某一时刻，年岁等) We get to school at half past seven day.我们每天七点半到校。 When will the train get to Shanghai?火车何时到达上海? 【提示】词组中的to是介词不是不定式。另外get to中的to也可是不定式，构成get to do，此时表示“逐渐怎么”，表示过程相当于come to do.一、 学海导航二、学法指要单元然型思维明晰 1.How do you?你是怎样? How do you usually come to school?你通常是怎样来上学的? 注意：how是副词，在此表示方式或方法，作“如何，怎样”讲。如： How does he go to work?他是怎样去上班的? How did you get there?你是怎样到那里的? 2.What about?怎么样? What about you?你怎么样? What about=How about,是“怎么样”的意思，用来征求对方意见或询问消息、情况等。如： What about going shopping over there?去那边购物怎么样? What about your new plan?你的新计划怎么样了? How about a cup of coffee?来一杯咖啡如何? Im going to the park.What about you?我打算去公园，你呢? 3.Dont you?一般疑问句否定式的句型 Dont you usually come to school by bike?你平常上学不骑自行车吗? 1)这是一个一般疑问句的否定式结构，这种句型常用来表示提问人的惊讶、怀疑、邀请、赞叹等。这种疑问句有两种形式： Have you not any brothers?或Havent you any brothers?你没有兄弟吗? 在日常生活中常用简略形式，即把“nt和句首的be、have或助动词连在一起，构成isnt,havent,dont等。如： Isnt a lovely day!这天气多好啊!(表赞叹) 2)回答一般疑问句在否定结构时，英语用Yes和No。与汉语用肯定词或否定词的习惯不同，在英语中，yes后接肯定结构，no后接否定结构。试比较： Dont you know English?你不懂英语吗? Yes,I do.(No,I dont.)不，我懂。(是的，我不懂。) Havent you any brothers?你没有兄弟吗? Yes,I have one.(No,I havent any.)不，我有一个。(是的，我没有。) 4.How many?(有)多少? How much?(有)多少? How many people can you see in the picture?在图中你可以看到多少人? 注意：how many后要跟可数名词的复数，而这句中的people是个集体名词，故没有复数形式。如： How much water is there in the glass?杯子里有多少水? 注意：how much后接不可数名词。单独使用时，还可表示多钱。如： How much is a cup of tea?一杯茶多少钱? 5.It is用来表示天气、时间、地点、距离的句型 Its a fine day for a walk.今天是散步的好天气。 注意：It用作非人称代词，可表示“天气，时间，距离”等。如： Its raining.天正在下雨。 It is only ten minutes walk to the bus stop.到公共汽车站只要走10分钟就到了。单元难点疑点释疑 1.the sun,the moon,the land,the sea 太阳，月亮，陆地，海洋 1)the是定冠词，和名词连用，用以限定或说明名词的含义，在这里指世界上独一无二的事物。如the earth(地球)，the nuiverse(宇宙)。 2)冠词分不定冠词和定冠词。不定冠词有a,an。a用于辅音之前，如：a boy。an用于元音之前，如：an apple。 3)现将定冠词的用法列举如下： (1)定冠词的用法： a.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如：the photo of the boy,The book on thedesk is mine. b.指双方都知道的人或事物。如：Open the window,please! c.指上文提过的人或事物。如：I have a pen.The pen is very nice. d.用在世界上独一无二的事物前面。如：The sun is bigger than the moon. e.用在序数词和形容词最高级前。如：She is the most beautiful girl in our class. f.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall,the North Street Hospital。 g.在一些习惯用语中，如：in the morning,on the left,at the end of。 (2)不用冠词的用法： a.在专有名词和不可数名词前。如：China,Class Two, Bill Smith,milk. b.前面已有作定语用的this,my,your,some,any等代词。如：/I think the shop is open at this time of the day. c.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如：They are teachers. d.在星期、月份、季节、节日前。如：Today is Mid-Autumn Day. e.在称呼语或头衔前。如：Uncle Wang likes making things. f.在三餐饭和球类运动的名词前。如：I have breakfast at home.Can you play football? 2.How many people can you see in the picture?在图中能看见多少人? “How many”是用来对数目进行提问，后接复数名词，而people是集体名词，复数即数它本身。the people则是“人民”的意思。 How mang boys are there in the class room? 3.How do you usually come to school?你通常怎样去学校? 1)how是疑问副词，表询问方式，如： How does your father go to work? 2)usually与often,sometimes一样是表频度副词，用于一般现在时中。如： I always go to school on foot.我一直步行上学。 She often dances.她经常跳舞。 4.Your friend comes from England.你的朋友来自英国。 注意：come from来于，等同于be from。因此上句可以改为： Your friend is from England. 5.Morning,Mr Green.I see youre on foot today.早晨好，格林先生。我看到你今天步行来的。 Morning是Good morning的省略形式。on foot是“步行”的意思。 6.So wheres your bike today?那么，你的车今天在哪儿呢? 注意：so是连词，承接上文。 7.I like walking.我喜欢散步。 like后面接动名词，表示习惯性动作或爱好，如： I like playing basketball.我喜欢打篮球。 I like playing football.我喜欢踢足球。妙文赏析 Mark Twain(马克吐温)was an American writer.One day he went to a city by train.He wanted to see one of his friends there.He was a very busy man.He usually forgot something. When he was in the train,the conductor(列车员)asked him for his ticket.Mark Twain looked for the ticket here and there,but he could not find it.The conductor knew Mark Twain.She said,“Show me your ticket on your way back.And it you cant find it,it doesnt matter.” “Oh,but is does.”said Mark Twain.“I must find the ticket.If I cant find it,how can I know where Im going?”【赏析】马克吐温为什么说他必须找到车票呢?思维体操 根据音标及句意写出所缺的单词： 1.We often go to shops to baibikes. 2.Mr King has a sn.He can see the snonly in the evening. 3. are some boxes over desks. 4.Please get some mi:ton your way home. 【参考答案】1. buy 2.son,son 3.There, their 4.meat三、智能显示心中有数单元语法发散思维一般现在时使用中的误区 行为动词的一般现在时用来表示经常的或习惯性的动作。在使用中要注意： 1.误用助动词。一般现在时的否定句、疑问句应借用助动词do或does构成，而不是am，is或are。如： My brother isnt watch TV from Monday to Friday.() My brother doesnt watch TV from Monday to Friday.() 【提示】混淆do和does的用法这一错误比较常见。在该时态的否定句和疑问句中，当主语是单数第三人称时，助动词用does;主语是非单数第三人称时，助动词用do。如： Do your father work on the farm?() Does your father work on the farm?() 2.误用行为动词。 1)在否定句或疑问句中，误将动词原形变为单数第三人称形式。如： does you mother usually goes to work by bus?() does your mother usually go to work by bus?() 3)误将助动词do或does视为行为动词，而把与助动词do或does同形的行为动词遗漏了。如： They dont their homework every evening.() They dont do their homework every evening.() 4)忽视第三人称单数动词变化规则中的特殊规则。如： Who teachs you English this term?() Who teaches you English this term.() 3.误用时态。根据句中的时态标准，本该用一般现在时，却误用了现在进行时。如： We are having an English class every day.() We have an English class every day.() 4.误将非谓语动当成一般现在时谓语动词而变化。如： Tom wants buys some food for supper.() Tom wants to buy some food for supper.() 【提示】上述两例中的谓语动词分别是likes和wants，它们后面的动词形式不是谓语，故不能按谓语动词形式作同样的变化。至于这里为什么要用singing及to buy，以后将会学到。动脑动手单元能力立体检测 .要点分析： 1.There is “f”in fifth. A.a B.an C.the D./ 2.How many are there in the picture? A.bird B.room C.people D.river 3.I go to school my fathers bike every day. A.by B.in C.on D.at 4.Miss Li is a singer Guangzhou. A.of B.in C.for D.from 5.Wu Dong does his homework every evening.(变成否定句) 6.Where are the ? A.policeman B.policemans C.policemen D.police men 7.Do you like ? Yes,I do. A.the colour of these clothes B.these clothes colour C.those clothes colour D.the colour on these clothes 8.Whats the time? Its . A.one thirty B.one thirty-one C.six o five D.six five oclook 9.These footballs are for and . A.his;me B.you;her C.I;you D.them;we 10.Is everyone here today? Yes,We . A.all are here B.are here all C.all here are D.are all here 【参考答案】 1.B。因为字母f发音为ef，是一个发音以元音音素e开头的字母，而且不具备特指的含义，故应用不定冠词an。 2.C。how many后需加可数名词的复数形式。A、B、D三个选项虽都是可数名词去是单数形式，只有people是一个集合名词，具有复数含义，故选C。 3.C。骑自行车的固定词组为by bike，但当bike前有限定词只能使用介词on。 4.D。本句应译为：“李小姐是一位来自广州的歌手”，使用的是from“来自于”的用法。此处不能用of结构或直接说Guangzhou singer. 5.Wu Dong doesnt do his homework every evening.原句中的does为动词do的三单形式，意为“做”。否定句中的doesnt为助动词does的否定形式，后加原句动词的原形do. 6.C。policeman是指“警察机构中一名成员，具体的某个警察”，其复数名词为policemen。police是个集合名词，是指“警察的总称”其后用复数谓语动词。 7.A。题意是“你喜欢这些衣服的颜色吗?”表示无生命的名词，所有格通常用“of”形式。 8.C。根据图示可知此刻是6：50，英语时刻表达形式这一是整点后面加oclock。 9.B。介词for后要用代词宾格，且and连接并列成分。 10.D。all作副词时通常位于行为动词前，be动词、情态动词和助动词之后。创新园地 .句型转换：(对划线部分提问) 1.He is a teacher. he ? 2.They usually go to school on foot. they usually to school? 3.The blue skirt is Toms skirt Toms? 4.She is working. is working? 5.Its Sunday today. day today? .根据汉语意思完成下列各句： 1.月亮不围绕太阳转。 go round . 2.有时我们乘公共汽车上班。 we go to work . 3.他们经常和我们一起步行上学。 They often with us. 4.你难道不踢足球吗?不，我踢的。 you play football? . 5.你一定饿了，再吃一块蛋糕好吗? You must be hungry.Would you like ,please? .连词成句： 1.please,me Lucy.call,do not. 。 2.I，please,your,may,watch,borrow. 。 3.do,come,by,to,how,you,school,plane. 。 4.you,I,this,see,on,are,foot,moorning. 。 5.I，with,every,Beijing,parents,to,fly,my,year. 。 【参考答案】 .1.what,does,do 2.How,do,go 3.Which,is 4.Who 5.What,is it .1.The moon doesnt,the sun 2.Sometimes,by bus 3.walk to school 4.dont ,Yes, 5.another cake .1.Please dont call me Lucy. 2.May I borrow your watch,please? 3.How do you come to school? By plane. 4.I see youre on foot this morning. 5.I fly to Beijing with my parents every year.四、同步题库 .填空题： 1.Is Kate in Grade One in Grade Two? 2.There are two tall trees front of the building. 3.Do you think its a fine day a walk? 4.“ does your mother usually come to work?”“By car.” 5.I dont have a watch his. 6. sun gives us light and heat. 7.I often go to school Mr Smiths car. 8.Lily goes home every year her parents. 9.Hesmaking a window the wall. 10.How many them take a walk after supper? .选择题： 1.“Will you please put your things away” . A.That all right B.It doesnt matter C.Certainly D.All right 2.Do you want to go there or by ship? A.on the land B.on land C.by the land D.by land 3.How Pieces of paper there on the desk? A.many,is B.much,is C.many,are D.much,are 4. he often home at twoin the afternoon? A.Is,leaving B.Dose,leave C.Is,leaves D.Does,leaving 5.Tom comes to school late. A.doesnt B.likes C.usually D.dont 6.Could you tell me about your factory? A.something new B.anything news C.new something D.new any thing 7.Does matter to put the coats here? A.that B.this C.is D.he 8.I have six friends of them are in England are in China. A.Second,the others B.Two,another third C.Two,the others D.Second,another three 9.The door is .Please it. A.closed,open B.close,opened C.closes,open D.closing,open 10.Isnt it a fine day? . A.Yes,it is B.No,it is C.Yes,it isnt D.Youre right. 11. is nice and clean. A.Todays air B.The air of today C.Today air D.The air today 12.How many to school by bike? A.go B.goes C.do go D.does go 13. water do you drink every day? A.How much B.How many C.What about D.Where 14.I have two rooms.I can let him one. A.has B.have C.to have D.having 15.Jack is a friend of . A.I B.me C.my D.mine 16.I usually come . A.by a bus B.on foot C.by foot D.on bus 17.Its a fine day a walk. A.in B.of C.for D.at 18.I like . A.a walk B.walks C.walking D.on foots 19.I go to school . A.by bike B.in a bike C.on bike D.ride bike 20. do you usually go home? A.What B.How C.How many D.Who 21. she leave home at six?Yes.she does. A.Is B.Can C.Do D.Does 22.I can see sun. A.a B.an C.the D./ 23.I usually walk to school,but I come by bus. A.some times B.sometimes C.often D.maybe 24.Look,there is girl over there the tree. A.on B.in C.at D.of 25.She home every year with her parents. A.is going B.go C.goes D.going .完形填空：Bill is from England.He in Grade Two this term.We (be)in the same class.He (like) Chinese very much.Mr Li (teach)us Chinese this term.He (be)tall.He (be not)young.Lucy and Lily (be)twins in our class.They two (look)the same.They like (speak)Chinese.Mr Li likes (see)them.Now We (talk)about the USA in Chinese. .句型转换：(根据上句完成句，使上、下两句句意基本相同) 1.I usually come to school on foot. I usually school. 2.My friend is American. My friend the USA. 3.The air today is very clean. The air today is clean. 4.Lets go by sea. Lets to a . 5.I see you walk today. I see youre today. .按要求转换下列句子： 1.She comes to school by train.(就划线部分提问) she come to school? 2.She leaves home at six.(改为否定