商务英语名词解释.doc

名词解释（一）1. From English into Chinese国内商务2. domestic business经济全球化3. economic globalisation东道国4. intellectual property知识产权5. non-tariff barriers非关税壁垒6. national product 国民产值7. per capita GDP人均国内生产总值8. durable equipment耐用设备9. staple goods大路货10. creditor country债权国11. customs Union 关税同盟12. Dual-Ministerial Meeting双部长会议13. European Commission欧盟委员会14. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries（OPEC）石油输出国组织15. North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)北美自由贸易协定16. board of directors董事会17. day to day running日常管理18. the parent MNE多国公司母公司19. national economic welfare国家经济利益20. the legal jurisdiction法律管理范围21. self-sufficient自给自足的22. farm produce农产品23. the endowments of nature自然禀赋24. perfect competition完全竞争25. output per man-year of labour人均年产量26. production capability生产能力27. consumption perference消费偏好28. cost advantage成本优势29. large-scale production大规模生产30. tariff barrier关税壁垒31. international Camber of Cmmerce国际商会32. customs clearance结关33. EDI电子数据交换34. incoterms国际贸易术语解释通则35. destination port目的港36. binding boligation有约束力的义务37. trade fair交易会38. international trunk call国际长途39. the business line业务范围40. force majeure不可抗力41. cross-border contract进出口合同42. clearing system清算系统43. leverage杠杆作用44. trade credit account贸易信贷往来账户45. centrally planned economy中央计划经济46. financial status财务状况47. to open account开立账户48. consignment transaction寄售交易49. a usance draft远期汇票50. documentary collection跟单托收51. impeccable documents正确无误单据52. correspondence bank往来行53. advising bank通知行54. confirming bank保兑行55. transportation bank运输条款56. clean credit光票信用证57. irrevocable credit不可撤销信用证58. sight credit即期信用证59. deferred payment credit推迟付款信用证60. non-transferable credit不可转让信用证61. freight prepaid运费预付62. prepare documents缮制单据63. consignor托运人64. consular invoice领事发票65. notify party被通知人66. contract carriers契约承运人67. intermediate product半成品68. inventory库存69. ultimate consumers最终消费者70. natural product province产品自然领域71. time lag时差72. claim on goods对货物的索赔73. All risks一切险74. premium保险费75. insure承保人76. insurable interest可保利益77. settlement of a claim理赔78. freight forwarder货运代理行79. utmost good faith最大诚信原则80. value policies有价保单81. exchange rate汇率82. balance of payment收支平衡83. direct quote直接标价84. buying rate买入价85. financial policies金融政策86. financial resources资金87. retained capital预留资金88. grace period宽限期89. a specialized mandate特殊使命90. direct investment直接投资91. tax holiday免税期92. Greenfield strategy绿地战略93. customer mobility客户流动94. investment returns投资回报95. start from scratch白手起家96. secondary capital market二级资本主义97. government stock政府债券98. market maker股票经营商99. standing committee常务委员会100. underlying securities基础证券101. global trade rules世界贸易规则102. the reciprocal tariff concession list互惠关税减让表103. a uniform tariff system统一关税体系104. the optimal use of the resources资源的最佳利用105. a provisional treaty临时条款106. the non-discrimination principle非歧视原则107. escape clause豁免条款108. a new Economic order新经济次序109. trade concessions贸易减让110. Special Drawing Rights特别提款权名词解释（二）1. 国际商务international business2. 无形贸易invisible trade3. 国内生产总值gross domestic products4. 证券投资portfolio investment5. “交钥匙”工程turnkey project6. 国名生产总值Gross Dational Product（GDP）7. 收入分配income distribution8. 经济合作与发展组织the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development（OECD）9. 基础设施infrastructure10. 外汇储备foreign currency reserves11. 区域经济一体化regional economic integration12. 自由贸易区free trade area13. 欧盟European Union14. 亚太经济组织Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation（APEC）15. 部长理事会council of ministers16. 经济全球化Economic Globalization17. 跨国企业 multinational enterprise18. 股东shareholder19. 国际经济环境international economic environment20. 生产设施manufacturing facilities21. 自然资源分配the distributionof natural resources22. 初级产品the primary commodities23. 比较利益论the theory of comparative advantage24. 互利贸易the mutual beneficial trade25. 资源储备the reserves of natural resources26. 技术创新technology innovation27. 贸易方式patterns of trade28. 关税区customs area29. 自动出口限制voluntary export restraint 30. 名胜古迹places of historical interest31. 兼付运费保险费货价CIF32. 贸易条款trade terms33. 修改信用证amendment to the letter of credit34. 集装箱运输container transport35. 运费付至CPT36. 报价quotation37. 发盘to make an offer38. 有效期the validity period39. 付款方式mode of payment40. 仲裁arbitration41. 对消贸易counter trade42. 实际头寸net positions43. 双边协议bilateral agreement44. 易货贸易barter45. 垂直合并，纵向组合vertical combination46. 汇率浮动变化exchange rate fluctuation47. 资信状况credit standing48. 分期付款period payment49. 即期汇票sight draft50. 付款单交document against payment51. 商业信用证commercial letter of credit52. 开证行the opening bank53. 受益人the beneficiary54. 转船transshipment55. 统一惯例the uniform customs and practice 56. 循环信用证revolving credit57. 保兑信用证confirmed credit58. 远期信用证usance credit59. 票面价值face value60. 资金周转capital turnover61. 收货人consignee62. 空运提单airway bill63. 产地证书cretificate of origin64. 运输标记shipping marks65. 装运港port of shipment66. 原始生产方式primitive mode of production67. 竞争机制competition system68. 运输体系transportation system69. 货物、资本、人员的自由流动the free movement of goods，capital，and personnel70. 公共承运人common carriers71. 保证金margin72. 股票投资investment in stocks73. 货物保险cargo insurance74. 外汇储备foreign exchange services75. 共同基金the common pool76. 代位追偿subrogation77. 近因原则the doctrine of proximate cause78. 预约保单open policy79. 平安险F.P.A.80. 水渍险W.P.A.81. 金本位制gold standard82. 平价par value83. 布雷顿森林会议the Bretton Woods Conference84. 间接标价indirect quote85. 储备货币reserve currency 86. 世界资本市场World capital market87. 借贷资本the cost of borrowing88. 净收入net earning89. 产权（股票）投资equity investment90. 经济结构调整economic restructuring91. 合资公司joint venture92. 并购acquisition93. 生物遗传学biogenetics94. 自动出口限制Voluntary Export Restriction（VER）95. 存货inventory96. 证券交易所the Stock Exchange（Market）97. 普通股ordinary share98. 补偿基金compensation fund99. 金边债券gilt100. 期权option 101. 协商机制a consultative mechanism102. 双边谈判bilateral negotiation103. 签约国the signatory countries104. 充分就业full employment105. 多边贸易体系multilateral trade system106. 国际组织international organizations107. 技术转让technology transfer108. 商品协议commodity agreement109. 国际货币体系international monetary system110. 优惠关税preferential tariff全真1 1）portfolio 证券 2）per capita income 人均收入3) board of directors 董事会4) CIF 成本、保险费加运费5）hyperinflation极度通货膨胀 6) leading bank 主要银行7）cost economies 节约成本8） premium 保险费9) the international monetary system 国际货币体系10) tax holiday免税期全真2Dual-Ministerial Metting 双部长会议2) primary commodities初级产品 3) non-tariff barriers 非关税壁垒4) consignment contract 寄售合同5) documentary collection 跟单托收 6)gold standard 金本位制7) capitial infrastructure 基础设施8)investment returns 投资收益9) standing committee 常务委员会10) tariff quota 关税配额04上半年non-discrimination principle 无差别待遇2) preferntial customs tariffs 特惠税3)terms of trade 贸易条件4) host countries 东道国5)IMF国际货币基金组织 6)SDR特别提款权 7) share-holder 股东8)Standing Committee常务委员会 9)market floor 交易大厅10) Xerox Corporation施乐公司05年上半年comparative cost theory 比较成本理论 2)ad valorem duties 从价税3)mode (method) of payment 支付方式4)bill of exchange 汇票5)clean draft 光票6)advising bank通知行 7) amendment 修改8) usance credit 远期汇票9)business line 业务范围10) cargo receipt 货物收据06上半年barter易货贸易 2)Parent MNC 母跨国公司3)absolute advantage 绝对优势4) documentary collection跟单托收 5) Terms of trade 贸易条件6)carrier 承运人7)securities 证券8)correspondent bank业务行 9)jurisdiction 行政管辖权10) gold tranche黄金份额二From Chinese into English全真11）有形贸易 visible trade 2）四方组合Ouad 3）经济一体化economic integration4）最惠国待遇most-favoured-nation(MFN) treatment 5）还盘counter-offer 6）长期资本 long-term capital 7）关税减让 tariff concession 8）可转让信用证transferable credit9）全球化globblization10）保险单 policy全真21）子公司 affiliate corporation 2)关税联盟 customs union 3）生产力的三要素capital,land,and labour 4）合同正文 contract proper 5）竞争性贬值 competitive devaluation 6)不可撤销信用证 irrevocable credit 7)空运提单 airway bill 8）交货费用 forwarding charges 9）货物原产地港口 port of origin 10）国际货币体系 international monetary system04年上半年1）受益人 beneficiary 2）提单 bill of landing (B/L) 3）还盘 counter offer 4）不可抗力 force majeure 5）装船通知 shipping advice 6）半成品（中间成品） intermediate products 7）代位追偿 subrogation 8）金融市场 financial market 9）投资者 investor 10）补偿贸易 compensation trade 05上半年1）理赔 settle (-ing,-ment) 2）折扣 discount 3）证券 securities( stock) 4）资格 qualification 5）资产 assets 6）长期资本 long term capital 7）母公司 parent company 8）最惠国条款 the most favoed nation clause 9）水渍险 Witj Particular Averge 10）全球化 golbalization 06上半年1）人均收入 per capita income 2）共同市场 Common Market 3）初级产品 primary product 4）税率表 tariff schedule 5）转移风险 risk transfer 6）受益人 beneficiary 7）收益 earnings 8）贸易惯例 trade practices 9）不可抗力 force majeure 10）正常贸易地位 normal trading status 名词解释（三）1. experience【expert knowledge or skill】2. joint venture【a commercial undertaking by two or more people，differing from a partnership in that it relates to the disposition of a single lot of goods or the termination of a specific project】3. partnership【a contractual relationship between two or more people in a joint enterprise，who agree to share，not necessarily equally，in the profits and losses of the organizations】4. distributor【a person who sends goods from those who produce them to those who use them】5. portfolio【the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks，bonds，or certificate of deposits for purpose other than controlling】6. assess【to judge an amount or value】7. spur【to urge or encourage】8. infrastructure【large-scale public services，such as water and power supplies，road，rail and radio communication，etc.needed to support economic activity，esp.industry，trade and commerce】9. PPP【purchasing power parity】10. consumerism【considerable desire to make purchase for consumption】11. liberalize【of trade，the act of government in lifting control over imports and exports】12. detour【route that void a blocked road；deviation】13. erode【wear away，eat into】14. integration【combine into a whole】15. envisage【picture（an event，action，etc.）in the mind as a future possibility；imagine】16. affiliate MNC【a MNC which is associated or controlled by its parent MNC without losing its own identity】17. profit 【the money gained in a business deal，especially the difference between the amount earned and the amount spent】18. inflation【a general rise in prices within an economy，accompanied by a reduction of the value of money】19. revenue【the money received by a firm from selling its output of goods or services or money earned by government from taxation】 20. host county【in international trade，the country in which a multinational corporation is active，but which is not the home country of that corporation】21. international trade【the exchange of goods and services between countries through exports and imports】22. absolute advantage【an advantage possessed by a country engaged in international trade when，using a given resource input，it is able to produce more output than other countries possessing the same resource input】23. specialization【to restrict ones economic activities to certain particular input】24. intuitive【relating to the power of the immediate understanding of something without reasoning or study】25. capital【the contribution to productive activity made by investment in physical captial（eg.factories，offices，machinery，tools）and in human capital（eg.general education，vocational training） 26. demand【the desire of consumers to obtain goods and services】27. economies of scale【the long-run reduction in average（or unit）costs that occurs as the scale of the firms output is increased】28. cost【the amount of money paid or charged for goods or services】29. tariff【a form of tax that is levied on imports.Ad valorem duty and specific duty are two main types of tariff.Tariffs are used to protect domestic industries from foreign competition and to raise revenue for the government】30. non-tariff barriers【all public regulations and government practices that introduce unequal treatmentfor domestic and foreign goods of the same or similar production】31. Incoterms【a set of international rules published by the International Chamber of Commerce，Paris，for deciding the exact meaning of the chief terms】32. EDI【an electric system that sends specially-prepared documents direct from the computer of one company to that of another，so avoiding delays and improving service to customers】 33. negotiable transport document【transport document can be transferred from one person to another by endorsement】34. FOB【In foreign trade contracts，the sellers price includes all charges and risks up to the point where the seller delivers the goods on board the ship named by the buyer at the named port of shipment.From that point，all charges and risks have to be borne by the buyer】 35. customs clearance【the formalities necessary to satisfy the customs officers before they will allow goods to the cleared from customs for dispatch or delay elsewhere】36. contract【a legally binding agreement made between two or more people】37. ttransaction【the act of doing business or carrying out a business deal】38. terms of payment【the terms agreed upon between a seller and a buyer regarding a transaction with respect to the mode and time-table of payments】39. trade fair【a big exhibition where manufacturers and sellers of similar or related products display their goods，meet customers and each other】40. arbitration【the setting of a dispute by means of a neutral third party rather than by a court of law】41. hyperinflation【the direct exchange of goods for other goods without the use of money as a medium of exchange and without the involvement of a third party】42. barter【an extreme form of inflation；the situation that exists in a Economy when the money supply is being increased very rapidly resulting in an increase of over20% in the annual growth of the money supply or of the price level】43. buyback 【an agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment】44. compensation trade【an agreement by which a company agrees to build a plant or to sell technology into a country .The company then gets compensated for technology or capital with exported products produced by that plant】45. protection-【the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers】46. exchange rate【the ratio between one currency unit and the number of units of another currency at which it is possible to exchange the two at a given time】47. bill of exchange【A signed documents that orders a person or an organization，such as a bank，to pay a fixed sum of money on demand or on a certain date to the person specified】48. a sightdraft【A bill of exchange that must be paid immediately is presented for payment】49. usance【The time-limit allowed on the payment of foreign bill of exchange，eg.a sixty-day usance】50. documents against acceptance（D/A）【Documents are handed over to the importer upon his acceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the exporter.Payment will be paid on later date】51. letter of credit【A written instruction by a bank or some other financial institution .to its agent or another bank，either local or aboard，to lend the bearer of the letter certain sums of money for a fixed period of time】52. a correspondent bank【a bank which acts as an agent for another bank 】53. unit price【the price of an item】54. clause【clause:part of a legal document that deals with a particular item or condition in it 】55. bill of exchange【an unconditional written order by one person，the drawer，to another person，the drawee，instructing the drawee to pay a specified sum of money to a third person know as a payee】56. documentary credit【a letter of credit to which a number of other documents such as shipping documents have been joined by the exporter to obtain payment from the bank】57. irrevocable credit【a letter of credit that can only be cancelled with the agreement of the beneficiary】58. confirmed credit【a letter of credit to which the playing bank has added its guarantee that payment will be made against presentation of certain documents】59. sight credit【a letter of credit where the beneficiary has the right to receive payment immediately，either by presenting a sight draft or any negotiable documents payable on presentation】60. discount【the amount by which the value of a draft is reduced if bought before it is due for payment】61. commission【the amount paid to an agent，which may be an individual，a broker，or a financial institution，for consummating a transaction involving sale or purchase of assets or services】62. commercial invoice【a document identifying the seller and buyer of goods or services，63. bill of lading【list giving details of a shipss cargo64. in general terms【showing the chief aspects of sth,.espressing in a way that is not detailed 65. discrepancy【difference ,failture to agree66. documentation【the preparation and use of shipping documents67. productivity【effciency,especially in industry,measured by comparing the amount produced with the time taken or the resources used to produce it 68. entrepreneur【person who starts and organinses a commercial enterprises,especially one involving fincial risk 69. intermediate products 【semi-manufactures,the products that are sutuated or coming be-tween raw materials and finishes products70. self-sufficient【able to fulfill ones omn needs without help from others71. known premium 【the amount of money which the insuerd pay to the insurance company for their goods or other things 72. pool【a combination of funds formed for common advantage 73. cargo insurance【an activity which aims at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of ex