2016-英语语言学期末试题练习-+答案.doc

英语语言学练习题. MatchingMatch each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B.Column A 1. displacement 2. langue3. suprasegmental feature4. deep structure5. predication analysis6. idiolect7. pidgin8. mistakes9. interlanguage10. motivation11. arbitrariness12. competence13. broad transcription14. morphology15. category16. errors 17. componential analysis18. context19. blending20. culture21. learning strategies22. selectional restrictions23. phrase structure rules24. culture diffusionColumn BA. Learners independent system of the second language, which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9B. Learners attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second language. 21C. The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23D. Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B. 24E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. 6F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7G. The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents- arguments and predicates. 5H. They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22I. The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the heads subcategorization properties. 4J. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3K. The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14L. The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2M. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1N. Learners conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10O. The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20P. The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18Q. The way of word formation by which new words may be formed by combining parts of other words. 19R. A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language, such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. 15S. A way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. This approach believes that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components. 17T. The ideal users knowledge of the rules of his language. 12U. One of the properties of human language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. 11V. A way to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only. 13 W. They reflect gaps in a learners knowledge of the target language, not self-corrigible. 16X. They reflect occasional lapses in performance. 8.Blank-filling. Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.1. “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” This quotation is a good illustration of the a_ nature of language. Arbitrary2. The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study; the description of a language as it changes through time is a d_ study. Diachronic 3. Chomsky defines c_ as the ideal users knowledge of the rules of his language, and performance the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. Competence 4. In the production of vowels the air stream coming from the lungs meets with no o_. This marks the essential difference between vowels and consonants. Obstruction 5. The different phones that can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the a_ of the phoneme. Allophone 6. Allophones of the same phoneme cannot occur in the same phonetic environment. They are said to be in c_ distribution. Complementary 7. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i_. Intonation 8. The m_ unit of meaning is traditionally called morpheme. Minimum 9. I_ morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most part purely grammatical markers, signifying such concepts as tense, number, case and so on. Inflectional 10. Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain three elements: head, specifier, and c_. Complement 11. Concerning the study of meaning, conceptualist view holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather, in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of c_ in the mind. concept 12. The sense relation between “animal” and “dog” is called h_. hyponymy13. P_ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings. Polysemy 14. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the c_ of use is taken into consideration. Context 15. S_ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class. Sociolect 16. WHO is an a_ derived from the initials of “World Health Organization”. Acronym 17. According to Halliday, language varies as its function varies; it differs in different situations. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a r_. Register 18. In cross-cultural communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B, thus bringing about the phenomenon of cultural d_. Diffusion 19. While the first language is acquired s_, the second or foreign language is more commonly learned consciously. Subconsciously 20. Language a_ refers to a natural ability for learning a second language. Acquisition 21. Vibration of vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called “v ”, which is a feature of all vowels and some consonants in English. Voice 22. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segment are called s_ features. Suprasegmental 23. Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and rules for word f_. Formation 24. The minimal unit of meaning is traditionally called m_. Morpheme 25. The sense relation between “autumn” and “fall” is called s_. Synonym 26. H_ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form, i.e. , different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. Homonymy 27. In daily communication, people do not always observe the four maxims of the co-operative principle. Conversational i_ would arise when the maxims are flouted. Implicature 28. SARS is an a_ derived from the initials of “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome”. Acronym 29. I_ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. Idiolect 30. RP, the short form of “R_ Pronunciation” refers to the particular way of pronouncing standard English. Received .Multiple choice. Choose the best answer to the following items.1. _ is considered to be the father of modern linguistics. A. N. Chomsky B. F. de Saussure C. Leonard Bloomfield D. M. A. K. Halliday 2. In the scope of linguistics, _ form the part of language which links together the sound pattern and meaning.A. morphology and syntax B. phonetics and semanticsC. semantics and syntax D. morphology and semantics3. _ studies the sounds from the hearers point of view, i.e., how the sounds are perceived by the hearer.A. auditory phonetics B. acoustic phonetics C. articulatory phonetics4. Which of the following words begins with a velar voiced stop? _A. god B. boss C. cock D. dog5. Which of the following words ends with a dental, voiceless fricative? _ A. rose B. wave C. cloth D. massage6. Which of the following words contains a back, open and unrounded vowel? _A. god B. boot C. walk D. task7. Which of the following is Not a velar sound? _A. h B. k C. g D. 8. Which of the following is Not a minimal pair?_A. bat, bite B. kill, pill C. peak, pig, D. meat, seat9. Which of the following is an open class words?_A. email B. but C. the D. they10. The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the inflectional morphemes except _.A. paints B. painter C. painted D. painting11. Which of the following words has more than three morphemes? _A. psychophysics B. boyfriends C. forefather D. undesirability 12. The pair of words “dead and alive” is called _.A. gradable antonyms B. relational opposites C. complementary antonyms 13. Which pair of the following words can be categorized as stylistic synonyms?_A. torch & flashlight B. die & decease C. amaze & astound D. luggage & baggage14. X: John has given up smoking.Y: John used to smoke.The sense relation between the above sentences is _A. X entails Y B. X presupposes Y C. X is synonymous with Y D. X is inconsistent with Y15. X: My father has been to London.Y: My father has been to UK.The sense relation between the above sentences is _A. X entails Y B. X presupposes Y C. X is synonymous with Y D. X is inconsistent with Y16. When we violate any of the maxims of Co-operative Principle, our language might become _.A. impolite B. incorrect C. indirect D. unclear17. According to Searls classification of speech acts, which of the following is an instance of directives? _A. I fire you!B. Your money or your life!C. Im sorry for the mess I have made.D. I have never seen the man before.18. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang19. The word “Kodak” is a(n) _.A. blend B. coined word C. clipped word D. acronym20. Which of the following words is Not formed by means of clipping?_A. memo B. motel C. quake D. gym21. According to Halliday, mode of discourse refers to the _ of communication.A. subject B. role C. situation D. means22. Which of the following theories of language acquisition believes that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation? _.A. The behaviorist view B. The innatist view C. The interactionist view D. The cognitive theory 23. Which of the following sentences is an example of overgeneralization? _.A. Jane told me to give up smoking.B. Jane asked me to give up smoking.C. Jane advised me to give up smoking.D. Jane suggested me to give up smoking.24. Which of the following hypotheses is put forth by Dr. Krashen? _.A. Critical Period Hypothesis B. Input HypothesisC. Language Acquisition Device Hypothesis D. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis25. Who among the following linguists put forward Co-operative Principles?A. Paul Grice B. John Searle C. Krashen D. Leech26. Which of the following linguists is the initiator of transformational generative grammar?A. F. de Saussure B. N. Chomsky C. G. Leech D. M. A. K. Halliday27. When a _ comes to be adopted by a population as its primary language and children learn it as their first language, it becomes .B. A. creole. pidgin B. pidgin. creole C. C. regional dialect. sociolect D. sociolect . regional dialect28. _ studies the sounds from the speakers point of view, i.e., how a speaker uses his speech organs to articulate speech sounds.A. Auditory phonetics B. Acoustic phonetics C. Articulatory phonetics29. We know the verb “put” requires an NP followed by a PP or Adv. Thus, the process of putting words of the same lexical category into smaller classes according to their syntactic characteristic is called . A. categorization B. subcategorizationC. syntactic categories D. coordination30. Which of the following words contains a front, close and unrounded vowel? _A. bad B. bed C. beat D. but31. The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the derivational morphemes except _.A. faster B. writer C. lovely D. conversion32. Which of the following is an open class words?_A. email B. but C. the D. they33. The pair of words “borrow and lend” is called _.A. gradable antonyms B. relational opposites C. complementary antonyms 34. Which pair of the following words can be categorized as collocational synonyms?_A. torch & flashlight B. pretty & handsome C. amaze & astound D. luggage & baggage35. X: My sister will soon be divorced.Y: My sister is a married woman.The sense relation between the above sentences is _A. X entails Y B. X presupposes Y C. X is synonymous with Y D. X is inconsistent with Y36. X: John married a blond heiress.Y: John married a blond.The sentence relation between X and Y is _A. X entails Y B. X presupposes Y C. X is synonymous with Y D. X is contradictory with Y37. According to Searls classification of speech acts, which of the following is Not an instance of directives? _A. Open the window!B. Your money or your life!C. Would you like to go to the picnic with us?D. I have never seen the man before.38. The word “brunch” is a(n) _.A. blend B. coined word C. clipped word D. acronym39. According to Halliday, field of discourse refers to the _ of communication.A. subject B. role C. situation D. means40. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix ed in the word learned is known as a( n)A. derivational morpheme B. free morphemeC. inflectional morpheme D. free form41. Which of the following theories of language acquisition holds that human beings are biologically programmed for language and that the language develops in the child just as other biological functions such as walking? _.A. The behaviorist view B. The innatist view C. The interactionist view D. The cognitive theory 42. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as .A. glottis B. vocal cavity C. pharynx D. uvula43. Which of the following hypotheses is put forward by Eric Lenneberg? _.A. Critical Period HypothesisB. Input HypothesisC. Language Acquisition Device HypothesisD. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis44. Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called _morpheme.A. inflectional B .free C. bound D. derivational45. There are _ morphemes in the word denationalization?A. three B. four C. five D. six46. Language is A. instinctive B. non-instinctiveC. static D. genetically transmitted47. Pitch variation is known as _ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. intonation B. tone C. pronunciation D. voice48. Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulation?A.z B.w C.eD.v49. 21. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?A. n B. m C. b D. p50. Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?A. i: B. u C. e D. i51. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?A.Voiceless B. Voiced C. Glottal stop D. Consonant52. When a child uses “mummy” to refer to any woman, most probably his “mummy” means . A. + Human B. + Human + Adult C. + Human + Adult Male D. + Human + Adult - Male + Parent53. The utterance Were already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week. obviously violates the maxim of _.A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner54. The pair of words “north” and “south” is _.A. gradable opposites B. relational oppositesC. co-hyponyms D. synonyms55. Which of the following sentences is NOT an example of cross-association?A. other / another B. much / many C. stalagmite / stalagtite D. bow / bow56. describes whether a proposition is true or false.A. Truth B. Truth value C. Truth condition D. Falsehood57. John sent Mary a post card. is a case ofA. one-place predication B. two-place predicationC. three-place predication D. no-place predication58. John killed Bill but Bill didnt die is a( n)A. entailment B. presuppositionC. anomaly D. contradiction59. refers to the process whereby a word is shortened without a change in the meaning and in the part of speech.A. Blending B. Back-formation C. Clipping D. Conversion60. Which of the following aspects is NOT the core of the study of general linguistics?A. sound B. structure C. meaning D. application.True of false judgment. Judge whether the following statements are true or false. Write T in the corresponding bracket for a true statement and F for a false one.1. Linguistics studies languages in general, but not any particular language, e.g. English, Chinese, Arabic, and Latin, etc. T2. Modern linguistics regards the written language as the natural or primar