现在完成时用法大全.doc

_现在完成时态1. 用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调结果.常用的时间状语有many times，just，yet，ever，never，just，already，so far, by now等。表示动作或者状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还将持续下去。用于延续性动词，常常与so far、for或者since短语连用。since + 时间点 /从句，for + 时间段，如for two months等。2. 现在完成时的构成 have has+过去分词3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句 He has finished the work. 一般疑问句 Has he finished the work? 否定句 He has not finished the work. 两回答 Yes ,he has. No, he hasnt.特殊疑问句 What has he done? 4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时1九词语already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 : I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 例：I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet?ever曾经 句中 例：Have you ever seen pandas?never从不 句中 例：I have never been to Beijing.just刚刚 句中 例：I have just done my work.before以前 句尾 例：I have never been there before.so far到目前为止 例：So far he has learnt 200 words.how long多久 例：How long have you lived here?how many times多少次 例：How many times has he been to Beijing?2两词组 havegone to去了某地(没回来 ) 例：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)havebeen to去过某地 (回来了) 例：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)3两结构for two months for +一段时间 Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last year since +过去点时间 Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years ago since 1990 since he came heresince +过去时态句子 He has been in China since he came here.4如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。 例：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？ 5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型 They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。 This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。6. 在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种： He has bought the book. (去掉一段时间for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变) Its 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the b（改为固定句型 It is -since-） He has not bought the book for 3 years. （改为否定句） He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）6. 还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，改法各不相同，举例如下：come/arrive/get to/reach be here例：I have come here for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have been here for 3 years.leave/go be away 例：He has left for 3 hours.（错） 改为：He has been away for 3 hours.begin/start be on 例The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错）改：The film has been on for 3 minutes.open be open / close be closed例：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改：The shop has been open for 3 years.die be dead例：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.finish/end be over例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) ：The work has been over for 3 daysjoin 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.buy /catch have 例：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.例：He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错） 改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.borrow keep例：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错改：I have kept the book for 3 years.还有其它的归纳如下：break be broken get up be upmarry be married become be lose be lost7. 延续性动词和终止性动词延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow8. 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。He has died for three days. （错，终止性动词die不能和一段