地铁相关外文翻译.docx

Metro Operation Accident Analysis and CountermeasuresLI Wei-wei TANG Zhen-min，Prof(School of Trafic&Transportation。Beijing Jiaotong UniversityClassification and code of disciplines：6205020Abstract On the subway home and abroad in recent years the incident based on the analysis, the author affect the safe operation of the MTR of persons, vehicles, track, power supply, signal, and social disasters, the main reasons were discussed; light of these reasons put forward Some preventive measures prior to the incident, as well as treatment measures after the accident; highlight the people-oriented big security concept put forward people - cars - Track - Safety Management and safe operation of the system and the emergency rescue system, a combination approach. And implementation of these measures will reduce the realization of subway accidents caused by the accident and reduce casualties and property losses.Keywords: metro; accidents; impact factor; Safety Measures1 IntroductionMetro is an important component of urban public transport is one of the importance of safety goes without saying that the MTR. In recent years, the worlds subway accidents continue to occur, Chinas Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities have undergone a lot of subway accident. Therefore, the analysis of factors affecting the accident subway operators to develop countermeasures to prevent accidents and sudden accident relief measures for improving the safety of subway operation status, to prevent accidents and reduce accident losses are of great significance.2 Metro Operation Accident AnalysisMetro Operational Safety involves not only people - Vehicles - rail and other system factors, but also by the social environment and train-related equipment (signal system, power supply systems) and other factors. Metro home and abroad in recent years, the analysis of accident statistics shows that: people, vehicles, track, power supply, signals and social disasters such as major factors for railway accidents.2.1 The human factorsFrom 2002 and 2003 on the Shanghai Metro, on the 2nd line of the classification of accident statistics show that: general accident was mainly due to failure to comply with the safety of passengerstravelrules, and risk of accidents due to negligence caused by staff responsibilities. Human factors is the main reason for the accident Zhaozhi Metro, including:(1) crowded. For example, in 2001 the evening of December 4, Beijing Subway Line a woman waiting on the platform at the station, when the truck entering the site, they were crowded under the flow of people crowded the site, on the spot by the train crushed to death. In another example, in May 1999 in Belarus, but also because of Mass Transit Railway station staff too much, confusion and crowded, leading to 54 passengers were crushed to death events.(2) accidentally and deliberately jump off the track of people. For a long time, because workers who jump subway tracks subway train delays caused by the repeated occurrence of the event, short of a minute or two, or as long as 35 minutes. The subway train as soon affected, not punctuality driving, is bound to affect the overall situation across the board would need to be adjusted. Affects not only the parties to the passengers on the train, but also the whole route or other passenger rail lines on the road may be delayed.(3) Staff treatment measures shall not be treated. For example, the South Korean city of Daegu subway fire in 2003 that the market, subway drivers and an integrated control center personnel to the disaster has not shirk the responsibility. Fire in front of the station has already occurred, and the other is still a train, No. 1080 into the smoke-filled site, the station has power, the train can not be the case of driving, the driver did not take any decisive measures to evacuate the passengers, but the door closed, and still ask for instructions how to deal with scheduling. Even more incredible is that in 5 minutes after the accident, the scheduler has the gall to issue to allow the 1080 car for the starting instructions.2.2 Vehicle Factors(1) results in metro train accident in the derailment of the main factors. For example, the London subway, at the January 25, 2003, a hung eight cars of the Central Line subway train passing through central London in a subway station, derailed and hit the tunnel wall, the last three cars crashed into the platform , 32 passengers suffered minor injuries. In the same year in September, a slow-moving subway train derailed at Kings Cross subway station, and lead to subway outages for several hours. Another example, in March 2000 occurred in Hibiya Line subway train derailment accident, resulting in 3 dead 44 injured in the tragedy. Again, the United States in June 2000 took place with the subway train derailment accident, when 89 passengers were injured.(2) There are factors other vehicles. For example, the March 20, 2003, the Shanghai Metro Line automatically unlock the gate delay hook failure, outage more than 1 hours. In another example, April 4, 2002, the Shanghai Metro Line doors could not be opened due to mechanical failure, outages half an hour.2.3 orbital elementsMay 22, 2001, Shihlin, Taipei Danshui Line subway station near the rail cracks occur, the MTR was forced to slow down, and instead manually driving, 10 million passengers to go to work blocked.地铁运营事故分析及其对策研究分类：管理学论文基本理论论文(定做论文) 英文版繁体版作者：李为为唐祯敏 时间：2007-1-11 浏览：2534 次摘要在对近年来国内外地铁发生的事故分析的基础上，笔者对影响地铁安全运营的人、车辆、轨道、供电、信号以及社会灾害等主要原因进行了探讨；针对这些原因提出了一些事故发生前的预防对策以及事故发生后的处理措施；突出强调了“以人为本”的大安全观，提出“人车轨道安全管理”的安全运营系统及应急救援体系相结合的对策。这些对策和实施的实现将会减少地铁事故的发生和降低事故造成的人员伤亡及财产损失。关键词地铁；事故；影响因素；安全对策1引言地铁是城市公共交通重要组成部分之一，地铁安全的重要性不言而喻。近年来全球地铁事故不断发生，我国的北京、上海、广州等城市地铁先后发生不少事故(/)。因此，分析地铁运营事故的影响因素，制定预防事故相关对策以及突发事故后的救援措施，对于改善地铁运营的安全现状，预防事故和降低事故损失都具有十分重要的意义。2地铁运营事故分析地铁运营安全不仅涉及人车辆轨道等系统因素，还受到社会环境和列车运行相关设备(信号系统、供电系统)等因素的影响。近年来国内外地铁事故统计的分析表明：人、车辆、轨道、供电、信号及社会灾害等是地铁事故的主要因素。21人员因素从2002年和2003年对上海地铁一、二号线发生事故的分类统计表明：一般性事故主要是因乘客未遵守安全乘车规则，而险性事故多是由于工作人员职责疏忽引发的。人员因素是肇致地铁事故的主要原因，其中包括：(1)拥挤。例如，2001年12月4日晚，北京地铁一号线一名女子在站台上候车，当车驶入站台时，被拥挤人流挤下站台，当场被列车压死。又如，1999年5月在白俄罗斯，也因地铁车站人员过多，混乱而拥挤，导致54名乘客被踩死事件(管理学/基本理论论文 /)。(2)不慎落人和故意跳人轨道。长期以来，因人员跳人地铁轨道，造成地铁列车延误的事件屡次发生，短的一两分钟，长则三五分钟。而地铁列车只要一旦受到影响，不能正点行驶，势必影响全局，就需全线进行调整。不仅影响当事列车上的乘客，而且使整条线路甚至其他轨道交通线路上的乘客都可能被延误。(3)工作人员处理措施不得当。例如，韩国大邱市地铁2003年那场大火中，地铁司机和综合调度室有关人员对灾难的发生就有着不可推卸的责任。前方车站已经发生火灾后，另一辆1080号列车依然驶入烟雾弥漫的站台，在车站已经断电、列车不能行驶的情况下，司机没有采取任何果断措施疏散乘客，却车门紧闭，而且仍请示调度该如何处理。更不可思议的是，在事故发生5分钟后，调度居然还下达“允许1080号车出发”的指令。22车辆因素(1)导致地铁列车事故的主要因素是列车出轨。例如，英国伦敦地铁，在2003年1月25日，一列挂有8节车厢的中央线地铁列车在行经伦敦市中心一地铁站时出轨并撞在隧道墙上，最后3节车厢撞在站台上，32名乘客受轻伤。同年9月，一列慢速行驶的地铁列车在国王十字地铁站出轨，并导致地铁停运数小时。又如，在2000年3月发生的日比谷线地铁列车出轨意外，造成了3死44伤的惨剧。再如，美国2000年6月，发生一起地铁列车意外出轨，当时有89位乘客受伤。(2)还有其他车辆因素。例如，2003年3月20日，上海地铁三号线闸门自动解锁拖钩故障，停运1个多小时。又如，2002年4月4日，上海地铁二号线因机械故障车门无法开启，停运半小时。23轨道因素2001年5月22日，台北地铁淡水线士林站附近轨道发生裂缝，地铁被迫减速，并改为手动驾驶，10万旅客上班受阻。二Subway operation prior accident prevention measures Security involves not only the people of subway operation - vehicle - track and other system factors, but also by the social environment and train-related equipment (signal system, power supply system) and other factors. Metro home and abroad in recent years, the analysis of accident statistics show that: people, vehicles, track, power supply, signals and social disasters is a major factor in subway accident. Metro in the event of an accident, will become the focus of public opinion, not only adverse political impact of casualties, damage to vehicles, the economic losses would be very serious. With the rapid development of the MTR, to improve the safety of subway operation, reduce accidents and reduce accidents, accident analysis based on the above, I propose the following preventive measures in advance and post-processing measures.1, the establishment of automatic monitoring and alarm system To ensure the safety of subway operation, each should have a subway system monitoring and automatic alarm system (Fire Alarm System, FAS). FAS to ensure the safety of subway and normal operation, an extremely important role as the MTR system, an important and indispensable component. Protected by the FAS system, the specific targets across the board the station, the main substation, depot and communication signal building. Metro FAS system must be a highly reliable system, the wiring is simple, flexible networking, easy maintenance and expansion. Control Center (OCC) should be across the board schematic, to monitor the full range of alarm condition. Authorities in all 115 London Underground stations are installed underground calLEDfast track of the fire detection and alarm systems. The device consists of a broad range of analog detection addressable smoke and heat detection systems, as well as other issues such as remote door closers, emergency cable broadcasting system, the damper control, fire safety facilities such as ticket gates. Now, each station on the function of the computer section of the rapid fire-fighting facilities shall be within the monitoring and control. Through pre-programmed, it can on each station to scan all the fire safety, search seizure, carried out continuous basis in the category, the characteristics of these devices can be confirmed, position, form and working conditions in which the . Radio communication equipment should have emergency telephone and cable communications, station staff and subway drivers through wireless or wired telephone systems transfer events to the control center information; there are sites within the CCTV video transmission system. Stations should be installed within the full range of monitors, real-time collection points all digital video information, can not appear subway fire, explosion, poison gas and the control center without the knowLEDge of the situation. Trains are also equipped with an emergency alarm button, the occurrence of accidents such as fire and explosion incident, passengers can quickly inform the driver pressing the button.2, the development of contingency plans and conduct simulation exercises Accidents and disasters are difficult to fundamentally put an end, we must attach great importance to the development of contingency plans. Prevention is the normal operation of the principle of subway safety. Forewarned is forearmed, without prejudging the waste. Different incidents, the emergency treatment in different ways. Only pre-established sets of emergency contingency plans, and enhance emergency response capacity of the event to the accidents and disasters caused casualties and property losses to a minimum. Rapid response and the right measures to deal with emergencies and disasters, the Emergency plan is a necessary daily supplement safety management. Its main contents should include: organizational chain of command structure, set emergency equipment (including alarm systems, rescue equipment, fire equipment, communications equipment, etc.) and accident treatment and resume normal operation. To do no accidents, ensure the safety of subway operation, in addition to strengthening the ideological education of staff safety and improve community safety awareness and improve various rules and regulations, serious labor discipline and work discipline, the establishment outside of work safety supervision and management institutions to carry out emergency processing simulation exercise is very necessary. Enhanced full awareness of production safety, and gradually enhance the professional and trades on the adaptability, coordination ability and comprehensive rescue capabilities of the accident, to the purpose of training staff. For example, the Beijing subway station in Jianguomen calLEDstop the train explosion occurred inside the tunnel forced the emergency pre-disposal simulation exercise.地铁运营前的事故预防措施关键词：地铁|经营|事故|安全 安全涉及地铁运营不仅人-车-轨道和其它系统因素，但也受社会环境和列车的相关设备（信号系统，供电系统）和其他因素。地铁回家了近年来国内外事故统计分析表明： 在发生事故的人员，车辆，轨道，供电，信号和社会灾害是在地铁事故的主要因素新城，将成为焦点舆论认为，不仅恶劣的政治影响，人员伤亡，车辆损坏，经济损失将是非常严重的。随着地铁的快速发展，以提高地铁运营的安全，减少事故的发生，减少事故，事故分析，在上述基础上，我建议以下预防措施，提前和后处理措施。1，建立自动监测和报警系统， 为了确保地铁运营的安全，每个人都应该有一个地铁系统的监控和自动报警系统（消防报警系统，FAS）的。FAS的，以确保地铁的安全和正常运行，地铁系统作为极其重要的作用，一个重要的和不可或缺的组成部分。FAS系统保护，全线车站，主变电站，车辆段和通信信号建设的具体目标。地铁FAS系统必须是一个高度可靠的系统，布线简单，组网灵活，易于维护和扩展。控制中心（OCC）应该一刀切原理，全方位监控报警条件。 当局在所有115个伦敦地铁站都安装了地下CALLED的火灾探测和报警系统的“快车道”。该装置由一个广泛的模拟检测寻址烟雾和热检测系统，以及其他问题如远程闭门器，应急有线广播系统，阻尼器控制，消防安全设施，如检票。现在，各站迅速消防设施的计算机部分的功能，应在监测和控制。通过预编程，它可以对每个站扫描所有的消防安全，搜索小号EIzure，类别进行了连续的基础上，可以确认这些设备的特点，位置，形式和工作条件。WWW 无线电通信设备。应该有紧急电话和有线通信，车站工作人员和地铁司机通过无线或有线电话系统控制中心的信息传输事件;有CCTV视频传输系统内的网站。站内应安装监视器的全方位，实时收集站，所有的数字视频信息，不能出现不知道形势的LEDGE地铁火灾，爆炸，毒气和控制中心。列车还设有紧急报警按钮，发生火灾和爆炸事故，如事故，乘客可以迅速按下按钮通知司机。2， 事故和灾害应急预案，并进行模拟演习的发展是难以从根本上把为此，我们必须高度重视，制定应急计划。“预防”是正常运行的地铁安全的原则。凡事预则立，不预则废。不同的事件，以不同的方式紧急处理。只有预先设定的套应急预案，提高事故和灾害事件的应急反应能力造成的人员伤亡和财产损失降至最低。快速反应和正确的措施，以应付紧急情况和灾害的关键。应急计划是每天补充必要的安全管理。其主要内容应包括：组织链结构的命令，设置应急设备（包括报警系统，救生设备，消防设备，通讯设备等），事故处理，并恢复正常运作。要做到无事故，确保地铁运营的安全，除了加强思想政治教育工作人员的安全和提高社会的安全意识和完善各项规章制度，严肃劳动纪律和工作DI，建立安全监督工作外，科技 PLINE和管理机构，开展应急处理模拟演练是非常必要的。增强安全生产意识，并逐步提高的专业和行业的适应性，协调能力和全面的事故救援能力，培训员工的目的。例如，在BEI京地铁站建国门CAL的LED“停止列车在隧道内发生爆炸，被迫紧急预处置”的模拟演习三After the accident, Metro Operation to Process Security involves not only the people of subway operation - vehicle - track and other system factors, but also by the social environment and train-related equipment (signal system, power supply system) and other factors. Metro home and abroad in recent years, the analysis of accident statistics show that: people, vehicles, track, power supply, signals and social disasters is a major factor in subway accident. Metro in the event of an accident, will become the focus of public opinion, not only adverse political impact of casualties, damage to vehicles, the economic losses would be very serious. With the rapid development of the MTR, to improve the safety of subway operation, reduce accidents and reduce accidents, accident analysis based on the above, I propose the following preventive measures in advance and post-processing measures.1, the safety of passengers evacuation According to the subway around the world experience and lessons of major accidents, passengers do not get fast, timely and safe evacuation is a major cause of serious consequences. Therefore, passengers quickly and timely evacuation of the entire subway security system is extremely important content. A perfect passenger safety evacuation plan detaiLEDand specific as possible. One to two hours in the traffic situation can not be restored, the subway company to quickly contact the bus company, MTR exit in all different parts of the car has bound to the effective flow of passengers. There are incidents, the MTR should assume this responsibility, can not fault as an excuse to neglect or even ignore the passengers right to information, resulting in fear, anxiety and confusion of 2, the establishment of expert system for incident handlingSubway Accident Analysis and processing is a complex, highly technical work empirical, subway accidents for many reasons, require fast, effective and accurate identification of fault causes and take effective measures to promptly restore the normal operation of the MTR, this is a worthy of further research. In recent years, the field of safety science and computer technology has safety management, safety assessment, risk analysis and forecasting with such wide range of engineering and scientific development to promote the safety of the process. Accuracy and speed of computerscience computing security analysis, incident diagnosis and security decision-making tasks. Currently, Metro instalLEDa computer monitoring system in general, but the role of condition monitoring not been fully exploited, the need for a background of troubleshooting and analysis system to monitor the signal processing to achieve the full realization of the intelligent control system to improve the monitoring system utilization. Experts within the system contains a lot of experts in one area of the level of knowledge and experience to take advantage of the knowLEDge of human experts and problem-solving approach to deal with the problem areas. Experience of the experts presented by rapid treatment measures, incident handling personnel to assist management to improve the safe operation of underground levels. Subway Accident expert system is built on the foundations. Once the occurrence of accidents and disasters, trains run at all can not continue to run the map in accordance with the original plan to run, the central control room must be made in a timely manner to allscientific train the right adjustments. Daegu subway arson in the central control room management is ineffective because there is no time to stop another train entering the station has been on fire, leading to increased casualties, death is the second person trains the majority of the Automatic train control (ATC) should be included for the case of emergency and disaster situations and the automatic train operation system. The automatic dispatch system should be a real-time expert system. Automated scheduling system software from the facts database, rule base, inference machine, the data on the blackboard and other accessories.