名词作定语形式及特点.doc

_名词作定语形式及特点作定语的名词有以下三种形式1.一般用单数形式。a stone bridge 石桥a meeting room 会议室morning exercise 早操London Airport 伦敦机场a story book 故事书a shoe shop 鞋店2.man, woman要与所修饰的名词的单复数一致。a woman teacher 一位女教师two women teachers 两位女教师3.sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等只用复数形式。a sports meet 运动会a goods train 货车customs house 海关a sales manager 营业主任现从三个方面来讨论名词定语的特点一名词定语的语法作用 1.代替作定语用的介词短语。a garden chair=a chair in the garden.Canada wheat=wheat from Canada.safety regulations=regulations for safety.machine shop practice=practice in a machine shop.2.名词定语代替形容词或分词作定语。race problemracial problemChina cottonChinese cottonlaunch padlaunching padresearch workerresearching worker在以上词例中，使用名词与使用形容词或分词并没有什么区别。3.代替带s的所有格定语-在名词前加上定冠词the就可以代替名词的所有格，但是这个名词是专有名词。the Tom composition=Toms compositionthe Carter grin=Carters grin4.代替定语从句。investment money= money that is set apart for investment.the milk boy= the boy who brings the milk.二名词定语与被修饰语之间的语义关系 作定语的名词都是后面一个名词的修饰语，但是它们之间的关系却各有不同。1.名词定语表示逻辑上的主语，被修饰的词表示宾语。a department decision(a decision which is made by the department)the volcano eruption(the eruption that is made by the volcano)有时正好相反，名词定语相当于宾语，而被修饰的部分表示主语:a drug addict(a person who is addicted to drug)an animal trainer(a man who trains the animal)2.名词定语作状语，被修饰语相当于谓语。在这一类结构中，表示谓语的名词常由动名词或动作名词来充当。impulse buying=buying on impulseinstrument flying=flying by means of instrument3.名词定语表示同位关系。这种用法可以说明某人的职业、职位。Judge Darling Singer Carpenter Cardinal Nelson.还可以表示特征、身份：a supplier country= a country which is a suppliera killer shark= a shark who is a killerher lawyer brother=her brother who is a lawyertraitor and robber Dickinson=Dickinson三与同词根的形容词作定语时的区别 1. 在通常情况下，如果没有相应的派生形容词，原则上可直接用名词作定语，或与之构成合成词。hair style 发型tooth ache 牙疼service counter 服务台cat food 猫食bank account 银行户头car park 停车场blood pressure 血压birth control 生育控制table tennis 乒乓球labor force 劳动力road works 道路工程winter sports 冬季运动2. 如果名词有相应的派生形容词，则要注意分清两者在意义上的区别。(1) horror films 恐怖影片horrible films 令人感到恐怖的影片(2) a wonder book 一部充满奇事的书a