中考英语专题10特殊句式.doc

2014届中考英语备考要点特殊句式【考点窜讲】1、祈使句 : 是表示请求、命令、建议等句子，通常说话的对象是第二人称you, you常被省略。祈使句常见题型：1. 肯定的祈使句（1）动词原形+其他 Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。（2）Be + adj. Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心！（3）Lets + 动词原形 Lets go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。2. 否定的祈使句(1) Dont + 动词原形 Dont stand up. 别站起来。 Dont be careless. 别粗心。 Dont let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。（2）Lets ( let sb ) + not + 动词原形 Lets not say anything about it. 对于这件事，咱们什么也别说。 Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。3.祈使句的反意疑问句(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或wont you。 Please open the door, will/ wont you? 请把门打开，好吗？(2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。 Dont be late again, will you? 别再迟到了，行不行？(3) 以lets开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we。 Lets turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开，好吗？ 只有以lets开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we，而let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或wont you.如：Let us stay here, will/ wont you? 请（你）让我们留在这好吗？2、.感叹句 感叹句常用what和how引出强调部分，并放在句首，一般情况下，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词。 1）what感叹句的结构为： a / an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数What + 形容词 +可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他 ！ 形容词 + 不可数名词What a good boy he is!他是一个多么好的男孩啊！What an interesting book it is ! 多有趣的书啊 ！What delicious broccoli (it is) !多好吃的花椰菜啊 ！What beautiful flowers in the garden ! 花园中的花式多么美丽啊 ！ 2）how感叹句的结构为： How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他 ！How interesting the book is ! 这书多有趣啊 ！How beautiful the flowers in the garden are ! 花园中的花式多么美丽啊 ！How well he draws ! 他画得多好啊 ！4. 反意疑问句: 陈述部分的主语为 this, that, 疑问部分主语用it; 陈述部分主语用 these, those, 疑问部分用they 做主语.例: This is a new story, isnt it? Those are your parents, arent they? 陈述部分是 there be 结构, 疑问部分仍用 there例: There was a man named Paul, wasnt there? I am 后的疑问句, 用arent I 例: I am in Class 2, arent I? 陈述部分与含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等词时,疑问部分用肯定.例: Few people liked this movie, didnt they?但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时, 这个句子仍视为肯定, 后面仍用否定.例: Your sister is unhappy, isnt she? 陈述部分的主语若为不定式或 V-ing 短语, 疑问部分主语用it.例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isnt it? 陈述句中主语是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用they做主语; 若陈述部分主语是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代词时, 疑问部分用it 做主语.例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they? Everything seems perfect, doesnt it? 当主语是第一人称I时, 若谓动为think, believe, guess 等词时, 且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称, 时态要与宾语从句保持一致, 同时还要考虑否定转移。例: I dont think he can finish the work in time, can he? 前面是祈使句, 后用 will you? (lets 开头时, 后用shall we?)4、倒装：1 倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes.Away they went.2 倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.3 以否定词开头作部分倒装如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒装。 Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you wont go, neither will I. 5 only在句首要倒装的情况Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.6 as, though 引导的倒装句as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。注意： 1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 注意:让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。7 其他部分倒装1) so that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中： May you all be happy. 3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。 Were I you, I would try it again. 二、【思维导图】祈使句分类考点表请求/命令/建议等谓动用原形且常省主语若加人称,“，”隔开答语反意疑问句原开头Please开头中考避免连词成句用逗号Let开头Dont开头Never +动原No+名词动名词Lets/me+not +动原Dont let +第三人称+动原Ok, I will.Sorry, I wont.Ok, lets go. Ok, Im coming.通常后加will you?Lets.，shall we?Let me/us/sb.,will you?感叹句What+a+可单+主+谓+其它！解题步骤表赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情从后往前删主谓，参照所剩最后一个词What+a+形+可单+主+谓+其它！What+an+形+可单+主+谓+其它！What+形+复数+主+谓+其它！What+形+不可数+主+谓+其它！How+形+a/an+可单+主+谓+其它！How+形+主+谓+其它！How+副+主+谓+其它！How+主+谓+其它！是名词就用what；否则用how若用what,加不加a，取决于名词若用a，加不加an取决于形容词反意疑问句前后相反时态一致人称代替前肯后否，前否后肯never, seldom, little, few, hardly也表否定否定前缀，不算否定too.to.算否定，so.that.算肯定用与前半句相应的助动、be动和情态动词s (1) is (2) hasd(1) would (2) hadhave在前句中是实还是助，看其后有done必须用人称代词I am, arent I?Something is, isnt it?Somebody is, isnt he?/ arent they?There be.，be there?There will be，wont there?注意事项含有推测的句子think答语原则：实话实说：上句译为“是否”，下句此事是否属实。属实用“Yes.”，不属实用“No.”先去推测(不去not)，再做反意疑问句I think. 反意疑问句以从句为准，主句的否定归从句；其它人think反之答案取决于空后的句子之意，但注意肯否一致：不能出现Yes, it isnt.或者No, I can.倒装句There be句型，be的单复数采用就近原则“这里，那里”here、there开头的句子倒装 “也”There be sb. doing sth. 有某人在做某事时态变化，保证两头是There 和be，中间可加时态词反意疑问句， be there?There will be., wont there?主语是人称代词，用半倒装Here/THere+人称代词+谓动Here it is. Here you are.主语是名词，用全倒装“也”“So + be/V情/V助 + 主语”“也不” Nor / Neither + be/V情/V助+ 主语正装“的确” “So + 主语+ be/V情/V助”only then/Never+倒装Not only+倒装，but also+正装谓语的一部分或者全部放在主语之前的句子称为倒装句There used to be., didnt there?Here/There+谓动+名词Here comes the bus.There goes the bell.三【中考真题再现】【2004厦门】39. _more clothes. Its snowing heavily outside. A. Put on B. Turn on C. Get on D. Go on 【2005厦门】38. The sun is shining. _fine day it is!A. How B. How a C. What D. What a【2013福建龙岩】47. There is only one ticket for Lucy and Susan. So _ of them will go to the movie. A. either B. neither C. both四【强化训练】【2012甘肃鸡西市】27. Maria has few friends in China, _?来源:Z_xx_k.ComA. has sheB. doesnt sheC. does she【2012甘肃鸡西市】35. Our class are going to have a picnic tomorrow. If you dont go, _.A. so do IB. neither do IC. neither will I【2012贵州安顺】30.How he wants to get a high mark in the final term examination!Yes_中国教&育出#*版网ASo is heBSo he doesCSo does heDSo he is【2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔】35. Our class are going to have a picnic tomorrow. If you dont go, _.来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*KA. so do IB. neither do IC. neither will I【2011湖北恩施】26. _ a nice day!来源:%* _.A. How; So is it. B.What; So is it.C. What； So it is.来%#源:中&教网【2012湖北随州】25. _ will Mrs. Lin go to Canada? To see her daughter there.A. How B. When C.Why D.What来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K【2011湖南株洲】25. _ does your mother watch the Talk Show?来源*:%中教网& Once a week. A. How long B. How often C. How soon中国教#育出&版%网【2012江苏苏州】1. She has gone abroad，_?No. She is still teaching us English at our school now.A. is she B. isnt she C. has she D. hasnt she【2012 内蒙古包头】29. Do you know Amy came to school this morning?Her bike was broken, so she had to walk.www%.zzstep&.c#omA. why B. how C. when D. where【2012 呼和浩特】2. _ will the manager come back.Maybe in three days.A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far(江苏省南京市玄武区2013年中考一模11.) There is little water left in the bottle,