数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、中英文翻译

0 附录 1 外文译文  数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策   机械论文   装备工业的技术水平和现代化程度决定着整个国民经济的水平和现代化程度，数控技术及装备是发展新兴高新技术产业和尖端工业（如信息技术及其产业、生物技术及其产业、航空、航天等国防工业产业）的使能技术和最基本的装备。马克思曾经说过 “ 各种经济时代的区别，不在于生产什么，而在于怎样生产，用什么劳动资料生产 ” 。制造技术和装备就是人类生产活动的最基本的生产资料，而数控技术又是当今先进制造技术和装备最核心的技术。当今世界各国制造业广泛采用数控技术，以提高制造能力和水 平，提高对动态多变市场的适应能力和竞争能力。此外世界上各工业发达国家还将数控技术及数控装备列为国家的战略物资，不仅采取重大措施来发展自己的数控技术及其产业，而且在 “ 高精尖 ” 数控关键技术和装备方面对我国实行封锁和限制政策。总之，大力发展以数控技术为核心的先进制造技术已成为世界各发达国家加速经济发展、提高综合国力和国家地位的重要途径。      数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术，数控装备是以数控技术为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造业的渗透形成的机电一体化产品，即所谓的数字化装备，其技术 范围覆盖很多领域： (1)机械制造技术； (2)信息处理、加工、传输技术； (3)自动控制技术； (4)伺服驱动技术；(5)传感器技术； (6)软件技术等。   1                    1 数控技术的发展趋势      数控技术的应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化，使制造业成为工业化的象征，而且随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大，他对国计民生的一些重要行业（ IT、汽车、轻工、医疗等）的发展起着越来越重要的作用，因为这些行业所需装备的数字化已是现代发展的大趋势。从目前世界上数控技术及其装备发展的趋势来 看，其主要研究热点有以下几个方面 1 4。      1 1 高速、高精加工技术及装备的新趋势      效率、质量是先进制造技术的主体。高速、高精加工技术可极大地提高效率，提高产品的质量和档次，缩短生产周期和提高市场竞争能力。为此日本先端技术研究会将其列为 5 大现代制造技术之一，国际生产工程学会（ CIRP）将其确定为 21 世纪的中心研究方向之一。      在轿车工业领域，年产 30 万辆的生产节拍是 40 秒 /辆，而且多品种加工是轿车装备必须解决的重点问题之一；在航空和宇航工业领域，其加工的零部件多为薄壁和薄筋，刚度很 差，材料为铝或铝合金，只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情况下，才能对这些筋、壁进行加工。近来采用大型整体铝合金坯料 “ 掏空 ” 的方法来制造机翼、机身等大型零件来替代多个零件通过众多的铆钉、螺钉和其他联结方式拼装，使构件的强度、刚度和可靠性得到提高。这些都对加工装备提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。      从 EMO2001 展会情况来看，高速加工中心进给速度可达 80m/min，甚至更高，空运行速度可达 100m/min 左右。目前世界上许多汽车厂，包括我国的上海通用汽车公司，已经采用以高速加工中心组成的生产线部分替代组合 机床。美国 CINCINNATI 公司的 HyperMach 机床进给速度最大达 60m/min，快速为100m/min，加速度达 2g，主轴转速已达 60 000r/min。加工一薄壁飞机零件， 2 只用 30min，而同样的零件在一般高速铣床加工需 3h，在普通铣床加工需 8h；德国 DMG 公司的双主轴车床的主轴速度及加速度分别达 12*!000r/mm 和 1g。      在加工精度方面，近 10 年来，普通级数控机床的加工精度已由 10m提高到 5m ，精密级加工中心则从 3 5m ，提高到 1 1.5m ，并且超精密加工精度已开始进入纳米级 (0.01m) 。      在可靠性方面，国外数控装置的 MTBF 值已达 6 000h 以上，伺服系统的 MTBF 值达到 30000h 以上，表现出非常高的可靠性。  为了实现高速、高精加工，与之配套的功能部件如电主轴、直线电机得到了快速的发展，应用领域进一步扩大。      1.2 五轴联动加工和复合加工机床快速发展      采用 5 轴联动对三维曲面零件的加工，可用刀具最佳几何形状进行切削，不仅光洁度高，而且效率也大幅度提高。一般认为， 1 台 5 轴联动机床的效率可以等于 2 台 3 轴联动机床，特别是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料铣刀进行高 速铣削淬硬钢零件时， 5 轴联动加工可比 3 轴联动加工发挥更高的效益。但过去因 5 轴联动数控系统、主机结构复杂等原因，其价格要比 3 轴联动数控机床高出数倍，加之编程技术难度较大，制约了 5 轴联动机床的发展。      当前由于电主轴的出现，使得实现 5 轴联动加工的复合主轴头结构大为简化，其制造难度和成本大幅度降低，数控系统的价格差距缩小。因此促进了复合主轴头类型 5 轴联动机床和复合加工机床（含 5 面加工机床）的发展。      在 EMO2001 展会上，新日本工机的 5 面加工机床采用复合主轴头，可实现 4 个垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加 工，使得 5 面加工和 5 轴加工可在同一台机床上实现，还可实现倾斜面和倒锥孔的加工。德国 DMG 公司展出DMUVoution 系列加工中心，可在一次装夹下 5 面加工和 5 轴联动加工，可由 CNC系统控制或 CAD/CAM 直接或间接控制。   3    1.3 智能化、开放式、网络化成为当代数控系统发展的主要趋势。      21世纪的数控装备将是具有一定智能化的系统，智能化的内容包括在数控系统中的各个方面：为追求加工效率和加工质量方面的智能化，如加工过程的自适应控制，工艺参数自动生成；为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化，如前馈控制 、电机参数的自适应运算、自动识别负载自动选定模型、自整定等；简化编程、简化操作方面的智能化，如智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面等；还有智能诊断、智能监控方面的内容、方便系统的诊断及维修等。      为解决传统的数控系统封闭性和数控应用软件的产业化生产存在的问题。目前许多国家对开放式数控系统进行研究，如美国的 NGC(未来的工作站 / 机器控制 )、欧共体的 OSACA、日本的 OSEC，中国的 ONC等。数控系统开放化已经成为数控系统的未来之路。所谓开放式数控系统就是数控系统的开发可以在统一的运行平台上，面向机床厂家 和最终用户，通过改变、增加或剪裁结构对象（数控功能），形成系列化，并可方便地将用户的特殊应用和技术诀窍集成到控制系统中，快速实现不同品种、不同档次的开放式数控系统，形成具有鲜明个性的名牌产品。目前开放式数控系统的体系结构规范、通信规范、配置规范、运行平台、数控系统功能库以及数控系统功能软件开发工具等是当前研究的核心。      网络化数控装备是近两年国际著名机床博览会的一个新亮点。数控装备的网络化将极大地满足生产线、制造系统、制造企业对信息集成的需求，也是实现新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虚拟企业、全球制造的基础单 元。国内外一些著名数控机床和数控系统制造公司都在近两年推出了相关的新概念和样机，如在 EMO2001展中，日本山崎马扎克（ Mazak)公司展出的“CyberProduction  Center” （智能生产控制中心，简称 CPC)；日本大隈（ Okuma）机床公司展出 “IT  plaza” （信息技术广场，简称 IT广场 )；德国西门子 (Siemens)公司展出的开放制造环境，简称 OME）等，反映了数控机床加工向网络化方向发展的趋势。      1.4 重视新技术标准、规范的建立   4    1.4.1 关于数控系统设计开发规范      如前所述，开放式数控系统有更好的通用性、柔性、适应性、扩展性，美国、欧共体和日本等国纷纷实施战略发展计划，并进行开放式体系结构数控系统规范 (OMAC、 OSACA、 OSEC)的研究和制定，世界 3 个最大的经济体在短期内进行了几乎相同的科学计划和规范的制定，预示了数控技术的一个新的变革时期的来临。我国在 2000 年也开始进行中国的 ONC 数控系统的规范框架的研究和制定。     1.4.2 关于数控标准      数控标准是制造业信息化发展的一种趋势。数控技术诞生后的 50 年间的信息交换都是基于 ISO6983 标准， 即采用 G， M 代码描述如何（ how）加工，其本质特征是面向加工过程，显然，他已越来越不能满足现代数控技术高速发展的需要。为此，国际上正在研究和制定一种新的 CNC 系统标准 ISO14649（ STEP NC)，其目的是提供一种不依赖于具体系统的中性机制，能够描述产品整个生命周期内的统一数据模型，从而实现整个制造过程，乃至各个工业领域产品信息的标准化。      STEP-NC 的出现可能是数控技术领域的一次革命，对于数控技术的发展乃至整个制造业，将产生深远的影响。首先， STEP-NC 提出一种崭新的制造理念，传统的制造理 念中， NC 加工程序都集中在单个计算机上。而在新标准下，NC 程序可以分散在互联网上，这正是数控技术开放式、网络化发展的方向。其次， STEP-NC 数控系统还可大大减少加工图纸（约 75）、加工程序编制时间（约 35）和加工时间（约 50）。      目前，欧美国家非常重视 STEP-NC 的研究，欧洲发起了 STEP-NC 的 IMS计划 (1999.1.1 2001.12.31)。参加这项计划的有来自欧洲和日本的 20 个CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC 用户、厂商和学术机构。美国的 STEP Tools 公司是全球范围内制造业数 据交换软件的开发者，他已经开发了用作数控机床加工信息交换 5 的超级模型 (Super Model)，其目标是用统一的规范描述所有加工过程。目前这种新的数据交换格式已经在配备了 SIEMENS、 FIDIA 以及欧洲 OSACA-NC 数控系统的原型样机上进行了验证。        2 对我国数控技术及其产业发展的基本估计  我国数控技术起步于 1958 年，近 50 年的发展历程大致可分为 3 个阶段：第一阶段从 1958 年到 1979 年，即封闭式发展阶段。在此阶段，由于国外的技术封锁和我国的基础条件的限制，数控技术的发展较为缓慢。第二阶段是 在国家的 “ 六五 ” 、 “ 七五 ” 期间以及 “ 八五 ” 的前期，即引进技术，消化吸收，初步建立起国产化体系阶段。在此阶段，由于改革开放和国家的重视，以及研究开发环境和国际环境的改善，我国数控技术的研究、开发以及在产品的国产化方面都取得了长足的进步。第三阶段是在国家的 “ 八五 ” 的后期和 “ 九五 ”期间，即实施产业化的研究，进入市场竞争阶段。在此阶段，我国国产数控装备的产业化取得了实质性进步。在 “ 九五 ” 末期，国产数控机床的国内市场占有率达 50，配国产数控系统（普及型）也达到了 10。      纵观我国数控技术近 50 年的发展历程， 特别是经过 4 个 5 年计划的攻关，总体来看取得了以下成绩。      1.奠定了数控技术发展的基础，基本掌握了现代数控技术。我国现在已基本掌握了从数控系统、伺服驱动、数控主机、专机及其配套件的基础技术，其中大部分技术已具备进行商品化开发的基础，部分技术已商品化、产业化。      2.初步形成了数控产业基地。在攻关成果和部分技术商品化的基础上，建立了诸如华中数控、航天数控等具有批量生产能力的数控系统生产厂。兰州电机厂、华中数控等一批伺服系统和伺服电机生产厂以及北京第一机床厂、济南第一机床厂等若干数控主机生产厂。这些 生产厂基本形成了我国的数控产业基地。   6    3.建立了一支数控研究、开发、管理人才的基本队伍。  虽然在数控技术的研究开发以及产业化方面取得了长足的进步，但我们也要清醒地认识到，我国高端数控技术的研究开发，尤其是在产业化方面的技术水平现状与我国的现实需求还有较大的差距。虽然从纵向看我国的发展速度很快，但横向比（与国外对比）不仅技术水平有差距，在某些方面发展速度也有差距，即一些高精尖的数控装备的技术水平差距有扩大趋势。从国际上来看，对我国数控技术水平和产业化水平估计大致如下。        1.技术水平上，与国 外先进水平大约落后 10 15 年，在高精尖技术方面则更大。       2.产业化水平上，市场占有率低，品种覆盖率小，还没有形成规模生产；功能部件专业化生产水平及成套能力较低；外观质量相对差；可靠性不高，商品化程度不足；国产数控系统尚未建立自己的品牌效应，用户信心不足。       3.可持续发展的能力上，对竞争前数控技术的研究开发、工程化能力较弱；数控技术应用领域拓展力度不强；相关标准规范的研究、制定滞后。      分析存在上述差距的主要原因有以下几个方面。       1.认识方面。对国产数控产业进程艰巨性、复 杂性和长期性的特点认识不足；对市场的不规范、国外的封锁加扼杀、体制等困难估计不足；对我国数控技术应用水平及能力分析不够。       2.体系方面。从技术的角度关注数控产业化问题的时候多，从系统的、产业链的角度综合考虑数控产业化问题的时候少；没有建立完整的高质量的配套体系、完善的培训、服务网络等支撑体系。       3.机制方面。不良机制造成人才流失，又制约了技术及技术路线创新、产品创新，且制约了规划的有效实施，往往规划理想，实施困难。      4.技术方面。企业在技术方面自主创新能力不强，核心技术的工程化能力不强。机床标准落后，水平较低，数控系统新标准研究不够。   7    3 对我国数控技术和产业化发展的战略思考      3.1 战略考虑      我国是制造大国，在世界产业转移中要尽量接受前端而不是后端的转移，即要掌握先进制造核心技术，否则在新一轮国际产业结构调整中，我国制造业将进一步 “ 空芯 ” 。我们以资源、环境、市场为代价，交换得到的可能仅仅是世界新经济格局中的国际 “ 加工中心 ” 和 “ 组装中心 ” ，而非掌握核心技术的制造中心的地位，这样将会严重影响我国现代制造业的发展进程。      我们应站在国家安全战略的高度来重 视数控技术和产业问题，首先从社会安全看，因为制造业是我国就业人口最多的行业，制造业发展不仅可提高人民的生活水平，而且还可缓解我国就业的压力，保障社会的稳定；其次从国防安全看，西方发达国家把高精尖数控产品都列为国家的战略物质，对我国实现禁运和限制， “ 东芝事件 ” 和 “ 考克斯报告 ” 就是最好的例证。      3.2 发展策略      从我国基本国情的角度出发，以国家的战略需求和国民经济的市场需求为导向，以提高我国制造装备业综合竞争能力和产业化水平为目标，用系统的方法，选择能够主导 21 世纪初期我国制造装备业发展升级的关 键技术以及支持产业化发展的支撑技术、配套技术作为研究开发的内容，实现制造装备业的跨跃式发展。      强调市场需求为导向，即以数控终端产品为主，以整机（如量大面广的数控车床、铣床、高速高精高性能数控机床、典型数字化机械、重点行业关键设备等）带动数控产业的发展。重点解决数控系统和相关功能部件（数字化 8 伺服系统与电机、高速电主轴系统和新型装备的附件等）的可靠性和生产规模问题。没有规模就不会有高可靠性的产品；没有规模就不会有价格低廉而富有竞争力的产品；当然，没有规模中国的数控装备最终难以有出头之日。      在高精 尖装备研发方面，要强调产、学、研以及最终用户的紧密结合，以 “ 做得出、用得上、卖得掉 ” 为目标，按国家意志实施攻关，以解决国家之急需。      在竞争前数控技术方面，强调创新，强调研究开发具有自主知识产权的技术和产品，为我国数控产业、装备制造业乃至整个制造业的可持续发展奠定基础。   参考文献：   1  中国机床工具工业协会  行业发展部 .CIMT2001 巡礼 J .世界制造技术与装备市场， 2001(3)： 18-20. 2  梁训王宣  ,周延佑 .机床技术发展的新动向 J .世界制造技术与装备市场， 2001(3)： 21-28. 3  中国机床工具工业协会  数控系统分会 .CIMT2001 巡礼 J .世界制造技术与装备市场， 2001(5)： 13-17. 4  杨学桐，李冬茹，何文立，等 ?距世纪数控机床技术发展战略研究 M .北京：国家机械工业局， 2000  9 附录 2 外文原文  Numerical control technology and equipment trend of  development and countermeasure  For mechanical paper The equipment industry technical level and the modernized degree were deciding the entire national economy level and the modernized degree, the numerical control technology and the equipment are the development emerging high technology and new technology industry and the state-of-art industry (for example defense industry industries and so on information technology and industry, biological technology and industry, aviation, astronautics) enables the technology and the most basic equipment. Marx had said “each kind of economical time difference, does not lie in produces any, but how lies in produces, with any means of labor production”. The technique of manufacture and the equipment is the humanity produces active the most basic producer goods, but the numerical control technology also is advanced now the technique of manufacture and the equipment most core technology. Now the various countries manufacturing industry widely uses the numerical control technology, sharpens the manufacturing capacity and the level, enhances to the dynamic changeable market adaptiveness and competitive ability. In addition in the world various industries developed country also lists as the national strategic resources the numerical control technology and the numerical control equipment, not only takes the significant measure to develop own numerical control technology and the industry, moreover implements the blockade and the limit policy in “precise and advanced” the numerical control key technologies and the equipment aspect to our country. In brief, develops vigorously take the numerical control technology has become the world each developed country acceleration economy development as the core advanced technique of manufacture, enhances the comprehensive national strength and the national status important way. The numerical control technology is carries on the control with the numerical information to the mechanical movement and the work process the technology, the numerical control equipment is take the numerical control technology as  10 representative's new technology the integration of machinery product which forms to the traditional manufacture industry and the emerging manufacturing industry seepage, namely so-called digitized equipment, its technical scope cover very many domains: (1) machine manufacture technology； (2) information processing, processing, transmission technology； (3) automatic control technology； (4) servo actuates the technology； (5) sensor technology； (6) software technology and so on.    1 numerical control technology trend of development Not only the numerical control technology application has brought the revolutionary change for the traditional manufacturing industry, causes the manufacturing industry to become the industrialization the symbol, moreover along with numerical control technology unceasing development and application domain expansion, he to national economy and the people's livelihood some important professions (IT, automobile, light industry, medical service and so on) development more and more vital role, because these professions must equip the digitization already was the modern development major tendency. The numerical control technology and the equipment development tendency looked from the present world that, its main research hot spot has following several aspect 14.    1.1 high speed, high precision work technology and equipment new tendency The efficiency, the quality are the advanced technique of manufacture main bodies. High speed, the high precision work technology may enhance the efficiency enormously, enhances the product the quality and the scale, reduces the production cycle and sharpens the market competition ability. Lists as one of 5 great modern techniques of manufacture for this Japan Tip Technology Research board it, the international production project learns (CIRP) its determination is one of 21st century central research directions. In the passenger vehicle industry domain, yearly produces 300,000 production metres was 40/s， moreover the multi-variety processing is one of key questions which the passenger vehicle equipment must solve； In the aviation and the astronavigation industry domain, its processing spare part many for the thin wall and the thin muscle, the rigidity is very bad, material for aluminum or aluminum alloy, only then in the high cutting speed and the cutting force very small situation, can to these muscles, the wall carry on the processing. Recently uses the large-scale overall aluminum alloy semifinished materials “pull out spatially” the method to make the  11 wing, the fuselage and so on the large-scale components substitutes many components through the multitudinous rivets, the bolt and other joint way assembling, causes the component the intensity, the rigidity and the reliability obtains the enhancement. These all to processed the equipment to propose high speed, Gao Jing and the high flexible request. Unfolds from EMO2001 meets the situation to look that, processes the center feed rate to be possible high speed to reach 80m/min, even higher, the aerial transport stroke speed may reach 100m/About min. At present in the world many automotive factories, including our country's Shanghai General Motors, already used by the high speed processing center composition production line part substitution aggregate machine-tool. American CINCINNATI Corporation's HyperMach engine bed feed rate reaches 60m/most greatlymin, fast is 100m/min, the acceleration reaches 2g, the main axle rotational speed has reached 60 000r/min. Processes a thin wall airplane part, only uses 30min, but the same components need 3h in the common high speed milling machine processing, needs 8h in the plain milling machine processing； The German DMG Corporation's double main axle lathe main axle speed and the acceleration respectively reach 12*! 000r/mm 和 1g。      In the processing precision aspect, in the recent 10 years, the ordinary level numerical control engine bed processing precision from 10m enhanced 5m, the fine level of secrecy processing center from 35 m, enhances to 11.5 m, and the ultra precise processing precision started to enter a nanometer level (0.01m). In the reliable aspect, the overseas numerical control installment value has reached above 6 000h, the servosystem value achieved above 30000h, displays the extremely high reliability.  In order to realize, the high precision work high speed, with it necessary function part like electricity main axle, the straight line electrical machinery obtained the fast development, the application domain further expanded.    1.2 5 axis linkage processing and compound processing engine bed fast development    Uses 5 axis linkages to the three dimensional curved surface components processing, the available cutting tool best geometry shape carries on the cutting, not only the smooth finish is high, moreover the efficiency also large scale enhances. Believed generally that, 1 5 axis linkage engine bed efficiency may be equal to 2 3  12 axis linkage engine bed, specially uses when the cubic boron nitride and so on the ultra hard material milling cutter carries on the high speed milling hardened steel components, 5 axis linkage processing may compared to 3 axis linkage processing display a higher benefit. Because but past 5 axis linkage numerical control system, main engine structure complex and so on reasons, its price must outdo the several fold compared to 3 axis linkage numerical control engine bed, added the programming technology difficulty to be big, has restricted 5 axis linkage engine bed development. Current as a result of electricity main axle appearance, causes to realize 5 axis linkage processing compound host axle neck structure is greatly the simplification, its manufacture difficulty and the cost reduce large scale, numerical control system price disparity reduction. Therefore promoted the compound host axle neck type 5 axis linkage engine bed and the compound processing engine bed (including 5 processing engine beds) development. Unfolds at the meeting in EMO2001, the new Japanese labor machine 5 processing engine beds use the compound host axle neck, may realize 4 vertical plane processings and the random angle processing, causes 5 processings and 5 axis processings may realize on the identical Taiwan engine bed, but also may realize the inclined plane and the back taper hole processing. German DMG Corporation displays the DMUVoution series processing center, may clamp the next 5 processings and 5 axis linkage processing in an attire, may by the CNC systems or CAD/CAM which  are controled  deract or inderact. 1.3 intellectualizations, open style, the network becomes the contemporary numerical control system development the main tendency The 21st century numerical control equipments will be has certain intellectualized system, the intellectualized content including in numerical control system each aspect: In order to pursue the processing efficiency and the processing quality aspect intellectualization, like processing process adaptive control, craft parameter automatic production； In order to enhance the actuation performance and the use connection convenient intellectualization, like feed-forward control, electrical machinery parameter auto-adapted operation, automatic diagnosis load automatic designation model, self regulating grade； Simplification programming, simplification operation aspect intellectualization, like intellectualized automatic  13 programming, intellectualized man-machine contact surface and so on； Also has the intelligence to diagnose, the intelligent monitoring aspect content, the convenience system diagnosis and the service and so on. In order to solve the traditional numerical control system closeness and the numerical control application software industrial production production existence question. At present many countries conduct the research to the open style numerical control system, like US NGC(The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control)、European Economic Community OSACA(Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems)、 Japanese OSEC(Open System Environment for Controller)， Chinese ONC(Open Numerical Control System) and so on。 The numerical control system will open already becomes the numerical control system road of the future. The so-called open style numerical control system is the numerical control system development may in the unified movement platform, face the engine bed factory and the end-user, through the change, the increase or the tailor structure object (numerical control function), forms the seriation, and may conveniently integrates user's special application and the technical knack in the control system, the fast realization different variety, the different scale open style numerical control system, forms has the bright individuality famous brand goods. At present the open style numerical control system architecture standard, the correspondence standard, the disposition standard, the movement platform, the numerical control system function storehouse as well as the numerical control system function software development kit and so on is the current research core. The network numerical control equipment is a near two year international famous engine bed exposition new luminescent spot. The numerical control equipment network enormously will satisfy the production line, the manufacture system, the manufacture enterprise to the information integration demand, also will be realizes new manufacture pattern like agile manufacture, hypothesized enterprise, the global manufacture foundation unit. The domestic and foreign some famous numerical control engine bed and the numerical control system manufacture company all has promoted the related new concept and the prototype in the nearly two years. 1.4 takes the new technical standard, the standard establishment  1.4.1 about numerical control system design development standard As mentioned above, the open style numerical control system has a better  14 versatility, the flexibility, the compatibility, the extension, countries and so on US, European Economic Community and Japan implements the strategy development plan in abundance, and carries on the open style architecture numerical control system specification (OMAC, OSACA, OSEC) the research and the formulation, the world 3 biggest economies have carried on the nearly same science plan and the standard formulation in the short-term, has indicated a numerical control technology new transformation time oncoming. Our country also started in 2000 to conduct China's ONC numerical control system standard frame research and the formulation.  1.4.2 about numerical control standard  The numerical control standard is the manufacturing industry informationization development one tendency. The numerical control technology is born after 50 year exchanges of information all is based on the ISO6983 standard, how namely uses the G, M code to describe the (how) processing, its substantive characteristics faces the processing process, obviously, he has more and more not been able to satisfy modern numerical control technology high speed the need to develop. Therefore, on international is studying and formulates one kind of new CNC system standard ISO14649(STEP-NC), its goal is provides one kind not to rely on the concrete system neutral mechanism, can describe in the product entire life cycle unified data model, thus realizes the entire manufacture process, and even each industry domain product information standardization. The STEP-NC appearance is possibly a numerical control area of technology revolution, regarding the numerical control technology development and even the entire manufacturing industry, will have the profound influence. F irst, STEP-NC proposed one kind of brand-new manufacture idea, in the traditional manufacture idea, the NC processing procedure all concentrates on the single computer. But under the new standard, the NC procedure may disperse on the Internet, this is precisely the numerical control technology open style, the network development direction. Next, the STEP-NC numerical control system also may reduce the processing blueprint greatly (approximately 75%), the processing programming time (approximately 35%) and the process period (approximately 50%). At present, the European and American countries extremely took STEP-NC the research, Europe initiate STEP-NC IMS to plan (1999.1.12001.12.31). Participates in this plan to have comes from European and Japan's 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC  15 user, manufacturer and academic organization. US's STEP Tools Corporation is in the global scope the manufacturing industry data exchange software exploiter, he already developed has served as the numerical control engine bed processing exchange of information the super model (Super Model), its goal was with the unification standard description all processing process. At present this kind of recent data exchange form already in has provided SIEMENS, FIDIA as well as on the European OSACA-NC numerical control system prototype prototype has carried on the confirmation. 2 pair of our country numerical control technology and industrial development basic estimate Our country numerical control technology start in 1958, the near 50 year development course might divide into 3 stages approximately: First stage from 1958 to 1979, namely enclosed type development phase. In this stage, as a result of the overseas technical blockade with our country's foundation condition limit, the numerical control technology development is slow. The second stage is in the country “65”, “75” the period as well as “85” the earlier period, namely the introduction technology, the digestion absorption, establishes the manufacture domestically system stage initially. In this stage, as a result of reform and open policy and the national value, as well as the research development environment and the international environment improvement, our country numerical control technology research, the development as well as has all made the considerable progress in the product manufacture domestically aspect. The third stage is in the country “85” later period and “95” period, namely the implementation industrial production research, enters the market competition stage. In this stage, our country domestic product numerical control equipment industrial production has made the substantive progress. In “95” the last stage, the domestically produced numerical control engine bed domestic market percentage of reaches 50%, matched the domestically produced numerical control system (popular sedan) also to achieve 10%. Looks over our country numerical control technology near 50 year development course, specially passes through 4 5 year plan attacks, the overall looked has obtained following result.  16 a.Has laid the numerical control technological development foundation, has grasped the modern numerical control technology basically. Our country basically has grasped now from the numerical control system, the servo actuated, the numerical control main engine, the special plane and the necessary foundation technology, in which majority of technologies has had carries on the commercialized development the foundation, the partial technologies commercialized, the industrial production. b.Has formed the numerical control industry base initially. In the attack achievement and in the partial technical commercialization foundation, established such as the Central China numerical control, astronautics numerical control and so on had the volume production ability numerical control system plant. Lanzhou electrical machinery plant, Central China numerical control and so on one batch of servosystem and servo electrical machinery plant as well as Beijing first machine tool factory, Jinan first machine tool factory and so on certain numerical control main engine plant. These plants have basically formed our country's numerical control industry base c.   Has established a numerical control research, the development, managerial talent's basic troop.  Although has made the considerable progress in the numerical control technology research development as well as the industrial production aspect, but we also must realize soberly, our country high end numerical control technology research development, in particular also has the big disparity in the industrial production aspect technical level present situation and our country's realistic demand. Although from longitudinal looked our country's development speed is very quick, not only but crosswise compared to (with overseas contrast) the technical level has the disparity, also has the disparity in certain aspect development speed, namely some precise and advanced numerical control equipment technical level disparity has the expanded tendency. From international looked that, is approximately as follows to our country numerical control technical level and the industrial production level estimate.  a. In the technical level, probably falls behind with the overseas advanced level for 1015 years, in precise and advanced technical aspect then bigger.  b. In the industrial production level, the market share is low, the variety  17 coverage fraction is small, but also has not formed the scale production； The function part specialization production level and complete set ability are low； Outward appearance quality relative error； The reliability is not high, the commercialized degree is insufficient； The domestically produced numerical control system not yet establishes own brand effect, the user confidence is insufficient.  c.In sustainable development ability, to the competition before the numerical control technology research development, project ability is weak； Numerical control technology application domain development dynamics is not strong； Correlation standard standard research, formulation lag. The analysis existence above disparity primary cause has following several aspects.  a. Knows the aspect. To domestically produced numerical control industry advancement difficulty, complexity and long-term characteristic understanding insufficiency； To the market not standard, overseas blocks Canada to strangle, the system and so on the difficult underestimate； Is insufficient to our country numerical control technology application level and ability analysis.  b. System aspect. From technical angle attention numerical control industrial production question time are many, from system, industrial chain angle overall evaluation numerical control industrial production question time are few； Has not established the integrity high grade necessary support systems and so on system, consummation training, service network.  c. Machine-made aspect. The good opportunity does not make the adult only then to drain, also has restricted technical and the technical route innovation, the product innovation, also has restricted the plan effective implementation, often plans the ideal, the implementation difficult d. technology aspect. The enterprise innovates in the technical aspect ability not to be strong independently, core technologies project ability is not strong. The engine bed standard is backward, the level is low, the numerical control system new standard research is insufficient.  3.To our country numerical control technology and industrial production development strategic ponder 3.1 strategy consideration  18    Our country makes the great nation front end, but must accept in the world industry shift is not the rear end shift as far as possible, namely must grasp the advanced manufacture core technologies, otherwise in the new turn international industrial structure adjustment, our country manufacturing industry will go a step further “the spatial core”. We take the resources, the environment, the market as the price, the exchange obtain possibly merely are in the world new economical pattern international “the processing center” and “the assembly center”, but the non-grasping core technologies manufacturing center status, will like this be able to affect our country modern manufacturing industry seriously the development advancement. We should stand in the national security strategy take the numerical control technology and the industrial question highly, first looked from the security, social, because the manufacturing industry is our country employed population most professions, not only the manufacturing industry development may raise people's living standard, moreover also may alleviate our country employment the pressure, the safeguard society's stability； Next looked safely from the