人教版英语八年级下册第一单元知识点.docx

人教版英语八年级下册第一单元知识点Unit1Whatsthematter?【单词】 matter /mt/n.问题;事情 Whats the matter（with sb.）?怎么啦？出什么事情了？询问有什么病或遇到什么麻烦、问题 sore/s:/adj.疼痛的,酸痛的；恼怒的 -have a sore back 后背痛 -sore throat咽喉痛 n. 溃疡，痛处；恨事 pressure sore褥疮， sore spot 伤疤，痛处；伤心事，旧疮疤 stomachachestmkek n.胃痛;腹痛 stomach/stmk/n.胃;腹部 foot/ft/n.脚;足 pl. feet - on foot步行；在进行中 - at the foot of在（山）脚下；在的下部 neck/nek/n.颈;脖子-necklace项链 - necktie领带 -neck and neck(with sb.) (与)并驾齐驱，不分上下 throat/rt/n.咽喉;喉咙 fever/fi:v/n.发烧 haveafever发烧 lie/la/-vi.躺, 平躺；位于，存在 liedown躺下-vi.说谎，作为不及物动词的变化：p.pr - lying，pt- lied，pplied-vt. 下蛋；放置 e.g., The hen stopped laying eggs. She laid the baby down gently on the bed.作为及物动词是的变化：p.pr - laying，pt- lay，pplain restv.&n.放松;休息 coughn.&v.咳嗽 X-rayn.X射线;X光 toothache /tu:ek/n.牙痛 temperature温度，体温 takeonestemperature量体温 headache /hedek/n.头痛 break/brek/n.间歇;休息 takebreaks(takeabreak)休息vi. vt. pt- broke，ppbroken -break away (from) 脱离，放弃（习惯），打破（陈套）-break down (机器等)坏了；(计划等)失败； (健康等)变坏；感情失去控制-break in 插嘴，使驯服-break into 破门而入，突然。起来-break off 折断，突然停止讲话，解除（婚约）-break out（战争，火灾，疾病）突然发生，爆发 hurt/h:t/v.（使）疼痛;（使）受伤 p.pr - hurting，pt- hurt，pphurt passenger /psnd/n.乘客;旅客 offadv.&prep.离开（某处）;不工作;从.去掉 getoff下车 onto/nt/prep.向;朝 enoughnf adj. adv. 足够的/地，充足的/地 - 用作adj.，修饰名词，可前可后 enoughwater - 用作adv.，修饰形容词或副词，要后置 oldenough - enough + for sb./sth+ to do sth. 足够，能做 trouble/trbl/n.问题;苦恼 pl. troubles-in trouble 在监禁中；处于不幸中；处困难中-get into trouble 使自己或他人陷入困扰之境-have trouble(with / doing sth. ) 在.有困难 hit/ht/v.(hit)（用手或器具）击;打 p.pr - hitting，pt- hit，pphit herself /h:self/pron.(she的反身代词)她自己 ourselves /aselvz/pron.(we的反身代词)我们自己 bandage /bndd/n.绷带 v.用绷带包扎 sick/sk/adj.生病的;有病的 knee/ni:/n.膝;膝盖 nosebleed/nozbli:d/n.鼻出血 bleed blidvt. 使出血；榨取 vi. 流血；渗出；悲痛p.pr - bleeding，pt- bled bld，ppbled bled adj. 流血的； breathe/bri:/v.呼吸 p.pr - breathing，pt- breathed，ppbreathed breath br n. 呼吸，气息-deep breath深呼吸-take a deep breath深呼吸-out of breath喘不过气来，上气不接下气 sunburnedadj.晒伤的 climberklam n.登山者;攀登者 riskn.&v.危险;风险;冒险 -takerisks(takearisk)冒险 accident /ksdnt/n.（交通）事故;意外遭遇- traffic accident交通事故 - car accident车祸；交通事故- by accident偶然；意外地 situation/stjen/n.情况;状况 kilo(=kilogram)n.千克;公斤 kg千克km=kilometer千米 rock/rk/n.岩石 knife/naf/n.刀 pl. knives blood/bld/n.血 mean/mi:n/v.(meant)意思是;打算;意欲 p.pr - meaning，pt- meant，ppmeant importance/mp:tns/n.重要性;重要 decision/dsn/n.决定;抉择 controlv.限制;约束;管理;控制 beincontrolof掌管;管理p.pr - controlling，pt- controlled，pp- controlled advice dvas 不可数名词. - givesb.adviceonsth.就某事给某人建议；- take sbs advice 接受某人的建议advise dvaz v. -advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事,此动词不定式作宾语补足语。-advisedoingsth 建议做某事相似用法的动词：allow(允许)，permit(允许)，forbid(禁止)等 allow doing sth允许做某事，allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事； permit doing sth允许做某事，permit sb to do sth允许某人做某事； forbid doing sth禁止做某事，forbid sb to do sth禁止某人做某事。eg.We dont allow smoking in the lab.我们不准在实验室吸烟。We dont allow people to smoke in the lab.我们不准人们在实验室吸烟。People are not allowed to smoke in the lab.人们不准在实验室吸烟。 spirit /sprt/n.勇气;意志;精神;酒精 death/de/n.死;死亡 nurse/n:s/n.护士 Judy/du:d/朱迪（女名） Nancy/nns/南希（女名） Mandy/mnde/曼迪（女名） Aron/ern/阿伦罗尔斯顿 Utah/ju:t:/犹他州（美国）【动词短语】11 have a sore back 后背痛 have a stomachache 胃痛、肚子痛have a very sore throat 喉咙非常痛 have a fever 发高烧 feelveryhot 感到很热 have / catchacold 受凉;感冒 haveacough 咳嗽 haveatoothache 牙疼 talktoomuch 说得太多 drinkenoughwater 喝足够的水 cut myself 划伤自己 hurt oneself 伤着自己 have a nosebleed 流鼻血 have a rest/take breaks/take a break 休息一下 a sick man 一个生病的人feelsick 感到恶心 have a heart problem有心脏病 on the side of the road 在马路边, 在公路的一侧 goalong 沿着走 becauseof 由于 getoutof 离开; 从出来 mountainclimbing登山运动 inadifficultsituation在困境中 savealife, saveoneslife挽救生命 shout for help 大声求救 see a dentist =gotoadentist看牙医 seeadoctor =gotoadoctor看医生 drink enough water 喝足够的水 lie down and rest 躺下来休息 run it under water 在水下冲，用水冲 get off 下车 get on the bus 上公交车 catch the bus 赶公交车 get out of 从出来getover(克服)geton/alongwellwithsb. 和某人相处得好，getback取回 hot tea with honey带蜂蜜的热茶 get an X-ray 拍X光 put some medicine on it 敷一些药 putabandageonsth.用绷带包扎 take breaks away from 远离休息 without moving 没有移动 in the same way 以同样的方式 run out of 用完 sth.runout. 某物用尽了。sb.runoutof sth. 人用尽了某物。eg. Hiswaterrunout. Herunoutofallhismoneylastnight. be interested in =have/takeaninterestin 对感兴趣placesofinterest名胜lostinterestin失去兴趣 in a very dangerous situation 处于非常危险的境地 takearisk = take risks 冒险risk(sb.)todosth. 冒险去做某事 make decisions 做决定=makeadecision=makeuponesmind=decidetodosth A be in control of B A管理或控制BA beinthecontrolofB A在B的控制之中或者A受制于Bbeoutofcontrol 无法控制，无法管理beundercontrol 被控制住，在控制之下 giveup 放弃giveup(doing)sth.=stopdoingsth 放弃（做）某事，eg. giveup(playing)computergames；givein屈服giveout分发 think about 考虑think about saving a life考虑挽救生命 right away 立刻、马上= at once, right now on foot步行 the importance of . .的重要性 keep on doing sth 一直持续做. 坚持做某事keepsth+adj 保持某物某种状态 cut off 切断 cut up 切碎 cut down 砍倒 beusedtosth. 习惯于、适应 强调状态；-be / getusedto doingsth. 习惯于、适应-become usedtosth./doingsth. 变得习惯，逐渐适应 强调过程：Hisgrandpawasusedtocountrylife.Maryisnotusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.Itsdifficulttogetusedtoanothercountryshabit. usedtodosth 过去常常做.(现在不了) (物) beusedtodosth (物)被用来做.=beusedfordoingsth be ready to do sth 乐意做， 准备好做 be ready for 为.做好准备 a few days = several days 几天 put on 穿上 take off 脱下 fall down = fall over 摔倒 fall down from = fall off 从上摔/掉下来fallinlovewith 爱上.fallasleep 熟睡fall behind 落后 clean your face 洗你的脸 get hit on the head 撞击头部 get sunburned 晒伤 put your head back把你的头后仰 thanks to = with the help of 多亏了的帮助 = because of 由于，因为 wait for the bus 等公共汽车 to sbs surprise 令吃惊的是，出乎的意料的是to sbs +表感情色彩名词 “令某人的是”to sbs joy 令高兴的是to sbs disappointment 令失望的是to sbs satisfaction 令满意的是 toonessurprise令某人惊奇的是 insurprise惊奇地besurprisedtodosth对做感到吃惊 besurprisedatsth对.感到惊奇 expect sb to do sth = wish sb to do sth 期待做. in time及时on time准时 see sb doing sth看见某人正在做see sb do sth看到某人做某事的过程 have problems（in）breathing 呼吸困难= have difficulty / trouble（in）breathing have difficulty / trouble（in）doing sth. 做某事有问题/ 困难 have a serious accident一次严重的事故 all weekend 整个周末 agree to do sth. 同意做某事agree to sth. 同意某事agree with sb 同意某人.agreeon 就达成一致意见 take ones temperature 量体温 feel like doing sth 想要. an eight-year-old girl 一个八岁的女孩 a movie called Kong Fu Panda 一部叫工夫熊猫的电影 so that 以便于 so.that如此以至于 several knives (knife-knives) 几把刀 how to do sth 如何做 put a bandage on the cut 用绷带把伤口缠好 get into trouble 陷入麻烦中，处于困境= be in trouble maketrouble 制造麻烦havetrouble/difficulties(in)doingsth 做某事有困难 get into陷入 mean to do sth 打算做某事, 企图 mean doing sth 意味着做某事the meaning of. 的意义Whatdoes.mean? = Whatsthemeaningof. .的意思是. theimportanceof(doing)sth. （做）某事的重要性 mind doing sth 介意做 eg. Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow? stay healthy = keep healthy 保持健康be in good health处于良好的健康状态 without thinking twice没有多加考虑 need to do sth需要做某事 the same as. 和一样 findsbdosth 发现做了某事findsbdoingsth 发现正在做某事findit+adj+todosth 发现做某事是的 eg. finditdifficult/hardtodosth be different from 与.不同 had better do sth 最好做某事had better not do sth 最好不做某事 such a difficult problem 如此难的问题so fast / so quickly 如此快so happy 如此高兴 help oneself to 请随意. enjoy oneself 玩得开心by oneself 独立地 take the old man to hospital 带老人去医院 move the man onto the bus 把人移到车上 tell of讲述tell stories讲故事tell lies说谎 oneoftheexcitingthings 令人兴奋的事情之一oneofthe+形容词+名词复数 onthatday具体的某一天 hisownlife 他自己的生命【知识点解读】1.询问某人的健康问题或遇到什么麻烦、问题时的表达：其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用 Whatsthematter (withsb.) ? Whatsthe trouble (withsb.) ? = Whatsonestrouble? Whatswrong(withsb.) ? Is there anything wrong (withsb.) ? Whatsup ? What happened (tosb.) ? Howareyoufeelingnow? Are you OK ? Areyoufeelingbettertoday?2. 要表达身体疼痛或不舒服,可用以下结构:某人 +have/has+病症. 某人 +have/has+a+headache（toothache，stomachache, backache, earache）.eg. The twins have colds.双胞胎感冒了。 haveafever发烧 haveacold=catchacold患感冒 haveastomachache患胃痛 haveatoothache患牙痛 haveaheadache患头痛 haveabackache患背痛 have the flu = get the flu 患流感某人 +have/has+a+sore+发病部位. haveasorethroat患喉咙痛 haveasoreback患背痛某人 +hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词. He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。某部位 +hurt(s). My head hurts badly.我头痛得厉害。某人 +have/has+a pain+in one s+身体部位, I have a pain in my chest.我胸口痛。(There is) something wrong with one s+身体部位.eg. There is something wrong with my right eye. .我的右眼有毛病。其他表达方式She has a heart trouble.她有心脏病。He got hit on the head他头部受到了撞击。She cut her finger.她割破手指了。3.情态动词 should “应该;应当”的用法:-否定式为 shouldn t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。-常用来征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。 You should drink hot water with honey.。 You shouldn t watch TV. -用于主语为第一人称的疑问句, 表示征询意见。 Should I put some medicine on it? Should we tell her about it?【拓展】其他表示建议的结构: Would you like (to do) sth.?你想要/愿意(做)某事吗?Would you like to play basketball with me? Shall I/we do sth ?我/我们做好吗?Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? Why not do sth ?为什么不呢?Why not join us? How/What about doing sth ?How about going swimming? Let s do sth 让我们做吧。 Let s go home. You d better (not) do sth你最好(不)要做某事。You d better not go there alone.4.反身代词的用法：myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimself herselfitselfthemselves跟主语一致： Thechildcandresshimself.(作宾语) Mrs.Blackherselfisateacher.(作同位语) Justbeyourself.(作表语)固定短语： teachoneselfsth(自学) learnsthbyoneself（自学） enjoyoneself（玩的开心） helponeselftosth（随便吃什么） saytooneself（自言自语） introduceoneself(自我介绍)5.toomuch+不可数名词“太多”；动词+ toomuch Dont talk too much.toomany+可数名词“太多”muchtoo+形容词或副词 “太”，表程度 Hes much too fat for his age.6.maybe“或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybeyouareright.maybe，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。Hemaybeangry.7.soundlike+名词代词和从句：Itsoundslikeyoudontknowthetruth. Itsoundslikeagoodidea.sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，Themusicsoundsnice.8.need需要，实义动词-need+名词，需要某物；-needtodosth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：Youneedtolistencarefullyduringclass.-needdoingsth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Yourdirtyclothesneedwashing.-neednt=donthaveto没有必要mustnt不准-must, need引导的疑问句肯定回答用must.否定回答用neednt或donthavetoMustIfinishmyhomeworknow?No,you neednt.Youcangohomenow.9.seesbdosth / seesbdoingsth 感官动词的用法，看见某人做过某事用原形，看见某人正在做某事用现在分词这样的词语有：hear,listento,lookat,watch,feel,find10. hurt-及物动词，使疼痛，受伤，Hehurthislegwhileexercising.-不及物动词，（部位）疼。Hisleghurtbadly.11.hit（用手或器具）打；击打Theboyhitthedogwithastone.- hitsb.onthehead/nose/back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；- heface/eye/stomach打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。12.sick/illadj.生病的 -sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be(系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。besickof“讨厌；厌恶”feelsick生病；不舒服sickperson=patient病人-ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be(系动词)后作表语，illillnessn.“病；疾病”beillinhospital生病13.sothat-引导目的状语从句，“以致，为了，以便于”；-可以和in order that ,in order to ,so as to 进行替换I got up very early this morning so that I could catch the early train=I got up very early this morning in order that I could catch the early train.= I got up very early this morning in order to catch the early train.=I got up very early this morning so as to catch the early train.14so.that -引导结果状语从句“如此以致于”-常用句型：主+谓+so+adj./ adv.+that从句主+谓+so+adj(a/an+n)that从句 Heissocute(aboy)thatwealllikehim.=such+a/an+adj+名词单数+ that-从句Heissuchacleverboythateverybodylikeshim. -若从句主语与主句主语一致，否定句中可与too.to., not.enough to.进行互换。This problem is so difficult that I cant work it out.=This problem is too difficult for me to work out.He is so young that he cant go to school.=He is too young to go to school.=He isnt old enough to go to school.【知识点补充】： fall（落下）fell, fa