《名词性从句全归纳》PPT课件.ppt

名词性从句,在复合句中的句法功能与名词相同，在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句一律用陈述句语序。,引导名词性从句的连接词,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why,从属连词that在名词性从句中，不担任任何成分，没有词义，有时可以省略。,由that引导的主语从句时。that不能省略:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2._isknowntoall.(地球是圆的)3._isapity.(你错过了这次机会)that无意义,后接一个完整的句子.,Thattheearthisround,Thatyoumissedthechance,从属连词whether.在名词性从句中不担任任何成分，但有词义，做“是否”解一般不可省略。在宾语从句中，常用if来代替whether.。但若宾语从句做动词discuss或介词的宾语或后面紧跟有ornot，则只可用whether。（注意，在其他名词性从句中表示“是否”之意时，只用whether.）,whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if所取代：,1.whether引导主语从句（包括从句在句首的位置）应当用whether，不用if，如：Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.Whetherhewillcome,Iamnotsure.,2.引导表语从句用whether，不用if，如：Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.,whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if所取代：,whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if所取代：,3.whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if则不能，如：Imnotinterestedinwhethertheyllgoornot.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.,whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if所取代：,4.whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if则不能，如：Ididntknowwhethertolaughortocry.Shehasntdecidedwhethertogoornot.5.引导同位语从句用whether，不用if，如：Thequestionwhetherhellattendthemeetingisessential.,连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.在名词性从句中都担任成分，都有词义，都不能省略。连接代词what常可在主、宾、表语从句中担任主、宾、表语（不用来引导同位语从句）。,引导名词性从句的that和what,That引导主从,宾从,表从时在句中无词义,只起连接作用.引导宾语从句时that可省略.引导主语从句时常用形式主语it代替主语从句.what引导主从,宾从,表从时,不但起连接作用,而且有具体意义,意为thethingsthat(which)所.的人或物.简言之,从句中如果主语或宾语都不缺少时,连接词用that,否则用what.,Thefactisthatwearefarbehindthedevelopedcountriesinscienceandtechnology.Thevillageisnolongerwhatitusedtobetenyearsago.,从宾语从句objectclause说开去:Theobjectclausescanbedividedintothefollowinggroups宾语从句可分为如下几类,这种分类方法也同样适用于其他几种名词从句:,1.陈述句分句,由无实际意义的that引导,that常可省略.Wedonotagree(that)thecomputerhelpsusalot.2.一般疑问句分句,由whether或if引导.Icanttellwhether/ifhescomingornot.,3.特殊疑问句分句,由关系代词或关系副词引导.Iwonderwhohastakenmydictionary.Haveyoufoundoutwherethetroublelies?4.感叹分句,由what和how引导.Irememberwhatafinevoiceshehad.Hewasastonishedtofindouthowfastshecouldrun.,a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat有必要Itisimportantthat重要的是Itisobviousthat很明显,用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：,大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可置于句末，用it充当形式主语。,b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisbelievedthat人们相信Itisknowntoallthat从所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已决定,用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：,c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识Itisasurprisethat令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是,用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：,用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：,d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat似乎Ithappensthat碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起,练习:用it充当形式主语,Thatweshallbelateiscertain.-1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.-2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-,Itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.,Thatyoumissedthechance.,Itscertainthatweshallbelate.,注意：Itissaidthat.Itisbelievedthat.等句型是固定用法,其中的主语从句不可以放在句首.,同位语从句,在句中作同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句.它用以进一步说明与它同位的名词所表示的具体内容.常可带同位语从句的名词有:advice,belief,doubt,dream,hope,idea,knowledge,message,news,order,possibility,promise,problem,question,suggestion,thought,truth,view,wish,word等。,同位语从句的连词一般有that和whether.在某些连词后面有时亦可用连接副词how,when,where,why等.,同位语和定语从句定语从句的区别,1.同位语从句进一步说明前面名词的具体内容;定语从句则对其先行词起修饰,限制的作用,起句法功能相当于一个形容词.2.引导同位语从句时没有词义,也不在从句中担任成分,但不能省略,而引导定语从句时则代表先行词的词义,在从句中必须担任成分,作宾语时常可省略.,试比较:Miketoldmehisideathatwehadbettergototheteacherforhelp.Theidea(that)Miketoldmejustnowisverygood.,同位语从句,定语从句,他们问我到哪里去寻找所需要的书.我不知道这工作是否值得做.,Theyaskedmethequestionwheretheycanfindthebooksneeded.,Ihavenoideawhethertheworkisworthdoing.,3.和引导的从句前面的名词如果分别表示时间、地点或原因,则为关系副词,引导定语从句;否则是连接副词,引导同位语从句.,Bamboogrowsbestinplaceswhereitiswarmandwhereitrainsoften.Ihavenoideawhereweshouldholdthemeeting.,定语从句,同位语从句,1.Itnowappears_theyareinneedofhelp.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how2.Itisgoodnews_theywillarriveinafewdays.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how3.It_Joedrivesbadly.A.thoughtthatB.thinksthatC.isthoughtthatD.isthoughtthat,4.It_heislateforclass.A.maythatB.mightthatC.maybethatD.mightbewhat5.Thisis_shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what6.Thequestionis_wecantgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when,7.Thequestionis_itisworthdoing.A.ifB.whetherC.whichD.what8.Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what9.Mysuggestionis_weshouldturnthelandintoricefields.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where,10.Hisproposalisthatthedam_atthefootofthemountain.A.buildB.willbuildC.bebuiltD.willbebuilt11.Myadviceisthathe_regularhouse.A.keepB.wouldkeepC.keepsD.kept12._knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.WhoeverC.WhomthatD.Thatwho,13.Weallknowthetruth_theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether14.Weheardthenews_ourteamhadwon.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where15.Theproblem_itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.if,16.Youmustdowell_theteacherasksyoutodo.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where,Good-bye!,名词性从句byWillSmiles,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句.分为:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词从句的功能,功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类,引导名词性从句的连接词,可分为三类：1.连接代词that,whether,if不充当从句的任何成分）,引导名词性从句的连接词,2.连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.不仅起到连接一个句子的作用，同时也是从句的一个组成部分。3.连接副词：when,where,how,why,引导主语从句不可省略的连词：,介词后的连词引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略,同位语从句,在一个更长的句子中作同位语使用的句子叫同位语从句。同位语与其前的词或短语表达的是同一事物。如：Thefactthatsheisillshouldbeconsidered.,同位语从句一般在下列词的后面,belief,fact,fear,hope,idea,news,problem,reason,result,possibility等。如：Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.,不同连词引导的同位语从句,引导同位语从句的连词除that外，还可以用how,when,where,why,等。Hecantanswerthequestionhowhegotthemoney.,不同连词引导的同位语从句,Ishouldliketoknowthereasonwhyyouchangedtheplan.Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.,主语从句,在另外一个句子中做主语的句子叫主语从句。Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.Thatheisthebeststudentintheclassisobvious,主语从句常用it作形式主语放句首,因而我们常见到这种句式：It+be+n./adj/-ed从句（that,whether,etc.)例：Itsapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.ItisgreatthatIhaveateacherlikeyou.,whether与if均为“是否”,但下列情况下只用whether：1.whether引导主语从句并在句首Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.2.引导表语从句,Thequestioniswhetherhellcome.,3.whether从句作介词宾语Imnotsureaboutwhetherwellwin.4.从句后有ornotWhetheryoulikeitornot,youllhavetodoit.,表语从句,在另外一个句子中作表语的句子叫表语从名。Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.,宾语从句,在另一个句子中做宾语的句子叫宾语从句。Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness.,宾语从句,NowIwanttoknowwhatIcando.JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday,名词性从句,主语从句同位语从句表语从句宾语从句,名词性从句动画讲解,高三英语总复习语法系列训练,名词性从句,一、引导名词性从句的连接词,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why,不可省略的连词：1.介词后的连词2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.,whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if所取代：1.whether引导主语从句（包括从句在句首的位置）应当用whether，不用if，如：Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.Whetherhewillcome,Iamnotsure.2.引导表语从句用whether，不用if，如：Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.3.whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if则不能，如：Imnotinterestedinwhethertheyllgoornot.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.4.whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if则不能，如：Ididntknowwhethertolaughortocry.Shehasntdecidedwhethertogoornot.5.引导同位语从句用whether，不用if，如：Thequestionwhetherhellattendthemeetingisessential.,大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可置于句末，用it充当形式主语。Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.,二、名词性that-从句,1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：,主语：Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.宾语：JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.表语：Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.同位语：Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.形容词宾语：Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.,2）that-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.Itsapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.,a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat有必要Itisimportantthat重要的是Itisobviousthat很明显,b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisbelievedthat人们相信Itisknowntoallthat从所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已决定,c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识Itisasurprisethat令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是,d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat似乎Ithappensthat碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起,用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：,三、名词性wh-从句,1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。wh-词包括who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等连接代词和where,when,how,why等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：主语：Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.直接宾语：Inonesownhomeonecandowhatonelikes.间接宾语：Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize.表语：Myquestioniswhowilltakeoverthepresident.宾语补足语：Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.同位语：Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.形容词宾语：Imnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation.介词宾语：Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.,2）wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob.,四、if,whether引导的名词从句,1）yes-no型疑问从句从属连词if,whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同，例如：,主语：Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.宾语：Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.表语：Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.同位语：Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.形容词宾语：Shesdoubtfulwhetherweshallbeabletocome.介词宾语：Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpasstheexams.,2）选择性疑问从句选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whetheror或whetheornot构成,如：Pleasetellmewhether/iftheyareSwedishorDanish.Idontcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.,五、否定转移,1)将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。IdontthinkIknowyou.我想我并不认识你。Idontbelievehewillcome.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。Ihopeyouwerentill.我想你没有生病吧。2)将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。Itdoesntseemthattheyknowwheretogo.Itdoesntappearthatwellhaveasunnydaytomorrow.3)有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。Idontrememberhavingeverseensuchaman.我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语having)4)有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone.(否定状语),1.Itnowappears_theyareinneedofhelp.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how2.Itisgoodnews_theywillarriveinafewdays.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how3.It_Joedrivesbadly.A.thoughtthatB.thinksthatC.isthoughtthatD.isthoughtthat4.It_heislateforclass.A.maythatB.mightthatC.maybethatD.mightbewhat5.Thisis_shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what6.Thequestionis_wecantgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when,7.Thequestionis_itisworthdoing.A.ifB.whetherC.whichD.what8.Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what9.Mysuggestionis_weshouldturnthelandintoricefields.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where10.Hisproposalisthatthedam_atthefootofthemountain.A.buildB.willbuildC.bebuiltD.willbebuilt11.Myadviceisthathe_regularhouse.A.keepB.wouldkeepC.keepsD.kept12._knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.WhoeverC.WhomthatD.Thatwho,13.Weallknowthetruth_theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether14.Weheardthenews_ourteamhadwon.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where15.Theproblem_itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.if16.Youmustdowell_theteacherasksyoutodo.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where,Good-bye!,高三英语总复习语法系列训练,名词性从句2,戴孟霞,戴孟霞,EnglishGrammar名词性从句名词性从句是由if,whether,that和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。,一主语从句,主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较,It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：Itisapitythatyoudidntgotoseethefilm.Itdoesntinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.,2.用it作形式主语的结构,(1)Itis名词从句Itisafactthat事实是Itisanhonorthat非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识(2)Itis形容词从句Itisnaturalthat很自然Itisstrangethat奇怪的是(3)Itis不及物动词从句Itseemsthat似乎Ithappenedthat碰巧Itappearsthat似乎(4)It过去分词从句Itisreportedthat据报道Ithasbeenprovedthat已证实Itissaidthat据说,3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：,（1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）Itissaid/reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.（3）Ithappens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.（4）Itdoesntmatterhow/whether结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：Itdoesntmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.Whetherheiswrongornotdoesntmatter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?,4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that则不然。例如：1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.2)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.,Itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday.,Itisaconsolationthatsheisstillalive.,二宾语从句,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。,1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如：Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.,2.作介词的宾语，例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.,3.作形容词的宾语，例如：Iamafraid(that)Ivemadeamistake.注意：that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。,4.it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.,5.后边不能直接跟that从句的动词这类动词有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.Iadmirethattheywonthematch.,6.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。例如：Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.,7.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。,三表语从句,表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有thereasonisthat和Itisbecause等结构。例如：1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecantgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremainsthatweare