外文翻译--电动助力转向系统

1 附录 A 外文文献 Electric Power Steering system 1. History In automobile development course, Steering system experienced four stages of development: from the initial mechanical Steering system (for your DNS setting Steering, abbreviation ) development for Hydraulic Steering system (Hydraulic Power Steering, abbreviation HPS), then again appeared electronically controlled Hydraulic Steering system (Electro Hydraulic Power Steering, abbreviation EHPS) and Electric Power Steering system (Steering, room Power as EPS). Assemble mechanical steering system of car parking and low-speed driving, when the drivers steering control burden too heavy, in order to solve this problem, the American GM in the 1950s took the lead in the car hydraulic steering system. But, hydraulic steering system cant juggle vehicles to speed portability and high speed, so the steering stability Koyo in Japan in 1983, with the company introduced the application of speed sensing function of hydraulic steering system. This new type of steering system can provide speed increased with the decreasing steering, but complicated structure, cost is higher, and cannot overcome hydraulic system itself has many shortcomings, is a cross between a hydraulic steering and electric power steering the transition between the products. In 1988, Japan Suzuki company first in small cars equipped with Cervo Koyo company development on the steering column, power type electric power steering system； In 1990, Japan Honda NSX in sports car company adopted self-developed rack power type electric power steering system, henceforth unveils the electric power steering in cars applications history 2. Working principle Electric power steering system are as follows: first, the working principle, torque sensor measured on steering wheel drivers on the manipulation of the moment, the wheel speed sensors detect the vehicle driving speed, then present the two signals to ECU； According to the built-in control strategy: ECU, calculates the ideal target booster torque, into current instructions to motor； Then, the power generated by the torque motor slowdown 2 institutions amplification on steering system in mechanical manipulation of the moment, and the driver together to overcome resistance torque, realize to the vehicle steering. 3. Working process Electric power steering system as traditional hydraulic system alternative products has entered into the auto manufacturing. And had predicted instead, EPS not only applicable to small cars, and some for 12V medium vehicle installed electric system. EPS system includes the following components: The torque sensor: detection steering wheel motion and vehicle motion situation； Electronic control units: according to provide the torque sensor the size of the signal computing power； Motor: according to the electronic control units； turn power output value generation Reduction gear: improve motor power, and produce turn it sends to steering mechanism. Other vehicle system control algorithm input information is provided by the car CAN bus (for example steering Angle and bus speed, etc.). Motor drive also need other information, such as motor rotor position and the three-phase motor sensor (current sensor provided). Motor control by four MOSFET, due to micro controller cannot direct drive of large gate capacitance, MOSFET using drive IC form needed the interface, for safety, complete motor control system must implement monitoring, motor control system integration in PCB, usually contains a relay, the relay use, as the main switch under the condition of the fault detection, disconnect motor and electronic control units. Micro control device must control EPS system and have brushless motor. Micro control device according to the torque sensor provide needed the steering wheel torque information, forming a current control loop. In order to improve the security of the system level, the micro control device should have an on-board oscillator, so even in external oscillator malfunction case, also ensure micro control device performance, also should have chip watchdog. Infineon XC886 integration of the company all the important micro control device component, other safety features for through the software to realize, if must implement safety standards IEC61508 industries, you have to finish all kinds of diagnosis and self-inspection task and increase micro control device work load. At present different customers use of torque sensor and rotor position sensor difference is very big. They use 3 different measuring principle, such as decomposing machine, magnetic resonance device, based on the integration of giant magnet or stance sensor. The role of power levels is switch electric current. The power level has two main functions: drive IC control and protection MOSFET, MOSFET itself and to be responsible for switch currents. MOSFET and partition. Micro control device PWM output port provides driver current and voltage is too low, cant directly connected with MOSFET screen realization. Drive IC role is to provide enough current, the grid to charge for MOSFET, so that in the and discharge 20kHz conditions, and ensure the normal realization switch for discretion side provides the high bar source voltage MOSFET, ensure that you get the low conduction resistance. If the high side MOSFET in open state, to source potential close battery level. Want to make MOSFET arrived at nominal conduction resistance, gate to higher than 8V source voltage. MOSFET completely conduction needed the most ideal voltage is required, therefore 10V or above a grid of potential than battery voltage 10V is higher. Charge pump is to ensure that the function to the largest extent reduce MOSFET power (even if low battery voltage conditions) circuit. The other key charge pump design according to different characteristics that can be PWM pattern request, achieve extremely low (low to 1%) and high rate of 390v (high to 100%). Drive IC another important function is testing, avoid damage to short-circuit mosfets, affected MOSFET will be closed, diagnosis submitted to micro control device. 4 附录 B 外文文献 的中文翻译 电动助力转向系统 1.发展历史 在 汽车 的发展历程中，转向系统经历了四个发展阶段：从最初的机械式转向系统（ Manual Steering，简称 MS）发展为液压助力转向系统（ Hydraulic Power Steering，简称 HPS），然后又出现了电控液压助力转向系统（ Electro Hydraulic Power Steering，简称 EHPS）和电动助力转向系统（ Electric Power Steering，简称 EPS）。装配机械式转向系统的汽车，在泊车和低速行驶时 驾驶员 的转向操纵负担过于沉重，为了解决这个问题，美国 GM 公司在 20 世纪 50 年代率先在轿车上采用了液压助力转向系统。但是，液压助力转向系统无法兼顾车辆低速时 的转向轻便性和高速时的转向稳定性，因此在 1983 年日本 Koyo 公司推出了具备车速 感应 功能的电控液压助力转向系统。这种新型的转向系统可以随着车速的升高提供逐渐减小的转向助力，但是结构复杂、造价较高，而且无法克服液压系统自身所具有的许多缺点，是一种介于液 压助力转向和电动助力转向之间的过渡产品。到了 1988 年，日本 Suzuki 公司首先在小型轿车 Cervo上配备了 Koyo 公司研发的转向柱助力式电动助力转向系统； 1990 年，日本 Honda 公司也在运动型轿车 NSX 上采用了自主研发的齿条助力式电动助力转向系统， 从此揭开了电动助力转向在汽车上应用的历史 2.工作原理 电助力转向系统的工作原理如下：首先， 转矩传感器 测出驾驶员施加在 转向盘 上的操纵力矩，车速传感器测出车辆当前的行驶速度，然后将这两个信号传递给 ECU；ECU 根据内置的控制策略，计算出理想的目标助力 力矩，转化为电流指令给电机；然后，电机产生的助力力矩经减速机构放大作用在机械式转向系统上，和驾驶员的操纵力矩一起克服转向阻力矩，实现车辆的转向。 3.工作过程 电动助力转向系统（ EPS）作为传统液压系统的替代产品已经进入汽车制造领域。与先前的预测相反， EPS 不仅适用于小型汽车，而且某些 12V 中型汽车也适于安装电动系统 。 EPS 系统包含下列组件： 5 转矩传感器 ： 检测转向轮的运动情况和车辆的运动情况； 电控单元 ： 根据转矩传感器提供的信号计算助力的大小； 电机 ： 根据电控单元输出值生成转动力； 减速齿轮 ： 提高电机产生 的转动力，并将其传送至转向机构。 其它车辆系统控制算法输入信息是由汽车 CAN 总线提供的 (例如转向角和汽车速度等等 )。 电机驱动 还需要其它信息，例如电机转子位置 (电机传感器提供 )和相电流 (电流传感器提供 )。电机由四个 MOSFET 控制 ， 由于微控制器无法直接驱动 MOSFET 的大型栅电容，因此需要采用驱动 IC 形式的接口 ， 出于安全考虑，完整的电机控制系统必须实施监控 ， 将电机控制系统集成在 PCB 上，通常包含一个继电器，该继电器可作为主开关使用，在检测出故障的情况下，断开电机与电控单元。