XKA5032A型数控铣床的编程方法外文翻译、中英文翻译、外文文献翻译

华北科技学院毕业设计（论文） 第 1 页 共 16 页 附录（ A） XKA5032A CNC milling machine programming methods0020 I floor, tin Abstract: This paper XKA5032A CNC milling machine programming format, method and characteristics of the NC programming of the key and difficult, by the relevantsolutions for CNC milling machine programming provides a useful method Key words: NC programming； programming instructions； mechanism of 1 INTRODUCTION In recent years, numerical control technology developed rapidly, the penetration rate of CNC machine tools continuously improve to CNC machine tools as the representative of the foundation of modern machinery has become Chinas manufacturing industry realized an important means of production modernization. Beijing No. 1 Machine Tool Plant production XKA5032 NC vertical lifts CNC milling machine programming and operation of the system equipped with OKUMA OSP700M NC system, which many of the features of NC and other similar systems. In its resolution, the procedures of the pretreatment time, interpolation time, and so has a good performance. This article of the NC system programming methods and related issues. 2 basis for programming and format 2.1 Coordinate axis named At present, the international community have adopted a uniform standard coordinate system, the NC machine tool components for mobile location and direction are used coordinate axis said. International standards (ISO) standards and Chinas Buban provided for in the machine coordinates Cartesian coordinates use of the right hand rule. Figure 1 is a vertical lifts CNC milling machine coordinate system 2.2 determine the coordinates axis (1) Z-axis 第 2 页 共 16 页 Z-axis is perpendicular to the direction of the axis milling machine spindle as Z direction, Z-axis tool away from the workpiece at the same time provides the direction for the Z-axis is the direction (2) X-axis X-axis is the level at the workpiece and the installation of telling parallel plane. The main provisions of the right post for the X-axis is the direction. (3) Y-axis Y-axis under the direction of Z, X axial right angle Cartesian coordinate system to determine the rules. (4) rotating Rotate with A, B, C, its provisions were around X, Y, Z axis of rotation direction of movement, with its right hand spiral rules are determined direction. Figure 1 for A, BC, is the direction Figure 1 2.3 programming format OKUMA OSP700M NC system uses the procedures of the format is a word address procedures of the format, also known as the address at variable procedures of the format. In the process of the word does not have strict order, letters (address) after the number of the median may be little more than (that is, the figures in front of 0 to 0 can be omitted). For example, N0020, G00 and G01 can also be written in N20, G0 and G1. Such a procedure of the format is simple, intuitive and easy inspection, extensive application. Each of the procedures in a number of characters. If N0020 G90 G00 X60 Y90 this procedure Paragraph, G90 position as the absolute size model, G00 location for the fast-moving, X60, Y90 coordinates for the location, it said that a complete action. Spindle (tool) in absolute size 华北科技学院毕业设计（论文） 第 3 页 共 16 页 location quickly targeted to X60, Y90 coordinate positions, X60 said X-axis positive coordinates 60 mm, X coordinates for the address, 60 for the coordinates of numerical size, Y90 word that Y-axis Positive coordinates 90 mm, Y coordinates for the address, 90 to coordinate numerical size. 2.3.1 ready to function G The code is ready to function from the letters (known as the address at) G and behind the two figures said. G code according to their different functions into several groups. G code There are two types: the modal code and non-G-mode G-code. Non-modal code-G was only confined to the procedures specified in paragraph one of the effective, G04 said the suspension order is non-modal G-code. G-modal code also known as the continued validity code, with continuity, follow-up procedures in the same paragraph as long as the other Group G does not appear before the code has been effective. Such as the G15 H1, which G15 is to facilitate programming, numerical control machine tools provided by the workpiece coordinates the functions of settings, is the modal, H1 to the workpiece coordinates of the group. Some modal code can be machine-state to set parameters, making it the default of an effective state, such as the G00 X0 Y0 that rapid positioning to 0.1. 2.3.2 Accessibility Code M Accessibility code letters (known as the address at) M and the back-digit form. It used to command and the state machine-assisted movements of the features, such as machining operation of the process of instruction, starting solenoid valves, and other operations, start and stop the spindle and cutting of the switches, etc. Remove some fixed, GM of M code, many functions of the M NC machine tool manufacturers by the code set. Such as the M00 to stop that process. M00 is a suspension order, when the implementation of the procedures of the M00 directive, the spindle to stop, stop feeding, cutting fluid closure process to stop. It is like a single procedure of the implementation of the same operation, the status of all saved, use of NC orders start by pressing the start button, the machine will continue to operate. In a procedure, the M can only prepare a code, if a procedure in the preparation of a paragraph at the same time two or more M code, only the last M code effectively, the rest of the M code is void. 2.3.3 main function of the code S 第 4 页 共 16 页 Spindle speed by the letter and called the address at the back of a number of figures that, in units of r / min. For example, S200, said spindle speed for the 200 r / min. 2.3.4 Tool function code t Tool function by the letters (known as the address at) T and the back-digit to that. As the machine tool equipment in the exchange of multi-processing procedures, must select a suitable tool for each of the tool should be a knife, knife, in the process of designation, numerical control system in accordance with the instructions prepared under a knife, for example, that T6 No. 6, will be ready tool. 2.3.5 into the code to function F Feed rate by the letters (known as the address at) F and a number of figures to back that, in units of mm / min (rice) or in / min (system-inch). For example, the meter system F150, that feed speed of 150 mm / min. 2.3.6 Tool length compensation code H Tool length compensation by the letter and called the address at the back of several figures. H after the number of stored value compensation tool length of the register address. For example, H18, Cutter said the length of compensation with the value of No. 18. 2.3.7 tool radius compensation code D Tool radius compensation features of the letters (known as the address at) D and the back of several figures. D after the number of storage tool radius compensation for the value of the register address. For example, D16, that tool radius of compensation with the value of No. 16. 2.3.8 Other common code The starting point along the center of the coordinates for the X-axis I, relative to the starting point along the central axis of the Y coordinates J, called the process 0 3 programming examples 3.1 parts of a link that Figure 2, Asked the thickness of 20 mm for the link to the outline of Fine turning NC (1) Tool Selection 20 mm of end mills. (2) a high degree of security Z50mm. (3) Feed / retreat knife: more than 20 mm from the workpiece, a straight line to cut food 华北科技学院毕业设计（论文） 第 5 页 共 16 页 into the knife, cut lead to the withdrawal arc knife. (4) of parts drawings and outline the characteristics of linkage, determine the processing line, a technology deal with. (5) positioning stations fixture right 30 mm hole, and as a coordinate origin and the knife, make programming simple, and can guarantee precision machining. Parts of the cutter from the end of a certain distance from the surface, the choice of end mills busy high-speed steel materials is determined walk the knife line, the need to consider all people to cut to cut. Walk the knife line milling great circle: P1 P2 P3 P1 milling small round P4 P6 P5 P4 milling the entire outline of P1 P2 P5 P4 P6 P3 P1 3.2 mathematical treatment Demand for a linkage of various geometric elements of the tangent point coordinates, and determined to walk the knife line calculation of the coordinates of the points, application of 1.30, analytic geometry and mathematical methods can be obtained. They workpiece coordinates of the absolute coordinates: 0, (0,0)； P1 (40,0)； P2 (-3.920,39.810)； P3 (-3.920, -39.810)； P4 (-188.0)； P5 (-156.330,23.886)； P6 (-156.330, -23.886)； P7 (-164,0)； 第 6 页 共 16 页 3.3-preparation process Procedures for the preparation of the format single-link parts processing procedures are as follows: Section 001 procedures, 0001 N0005 G90 G40 G80 G17 ready to function by absolute position G code programming instructions manner, the write-off tool radius compensation and circulatory function, select XY coordinate plane N0010 G15 H1 workpiece coordinates for the designated No. 1 N0015 G00 X0 Y0 X-axis and Y-axis rapid positioning the workpiece to 0.1% N0020 G56 H02 Z50 Z to specify the length of compensation tool, compensation, H02, Tsim Z rapid positioning along the Z50 N0025 G00 X60 Y-40 S300 M03 spindle is to advance to the S300 rapid speed manual -, S only yards from the tips of N0030 G42 X60 Y-10 tool to set the feed rate for linear interpolation cutter approach to the workpiece out of the workpiece N0035 X60 Y0 will be a tool out of the workpiece diameter cutter 华北科技学院毕业设计（论文） 第 7 页 共 16 页 N0040 M08 coolant open N0045 G1 Z8 F20 under the knife to 8 mm high, milling first round N0055 G03 X-40 Y0 I-40 J0 tool radius right compensation, a round Fox introduced into the knife to cut to the point P1 N0060 G03 X40 Y0 I40 J0 counter-clockwise circle Fox interpolation milling semicircle N0065 G40 G02 X60 I40 J0 arc leads to cutting knife to retire N0070 G00 Z30 N0075 X-208 Y0 will be a tool out of the workpiece diameter cutter N0085 G42 D1 G02 X-188 Y0 I10 under the knife to 8 mm high, milling second round J0 F100 N0090 G3 X-140 Y0 I24 J0 circular interpolation milling semicircle N0100 G40 G02 X-208 I-24 J0 circular interpolation milling semicircle N0110 X60 Y0 will be a tool out of the workpiece diameter cutter N0115 G00 Z-1 F20 under the knife to -1 mm high, the entire outline of milling N0120 G42 D01 G02 X40 I-40 J0 tool radius right compensation, the introduction of tangential arc Feed Point P4 F100 N0125 G03 X-3.902 Y39.810 I-20 J0 interpolation-to-point arc P2 N0130 G01 X-156.330 Y23.886 linear interpolation to point P5 N0135 G03 Y-23.886 I3.30 J-23.886-to-point arc interpolation P6 N0140 G01 X-3.902 Y-39.810-to-point linear interpolation P3 N0145 G03 X40 Y0 I3.902 J39.810 interpolation-to-point arc P1 N0150 G40 G02 X60 I10 J0 write-off compensation tool radius, arc leads to the retreat cutting knife N0155 G00 Z50 rapid positioning to Z50 N0160 M02 main program end Programming note 4 (1) familiar with the functions of NC machine tools, cutting parameters, such as tool and fixture on the whole process of processing the workpiece to be carefully considered and 第 8 页 共 16 页 rational manner. (2) use of Machinery Manufacturing Technology, metal-cutting machine tools and other aspects of knowledge, analysis of parts design, technology and determine a reasonable process line, determined walk the knife line. (3) to determine tool, fixture programme, a reasonable choice of cutting consumption. Determine spindle speed S, F feed rate cutting consumption parameters. Choose a suitable method of processing technology, arrangement of parts processing, corresponding to different processing the different surface knives, cutting the amount, advance and retreat knife path, spindle speed, and so on. (4) selected workpiece coordinates, and then on the trajectory calculation of the coordinates of the points. Workpiece coordinates of the origin and design of benchmarks should be unified. If not the tool radius of compensation should be calculated Tool Centre track. (5) NC programming, according to the characteristics of NC, to focus on processes to minimize the number of ATC, shortening the trip air routes so that the processes of practical and efficient. (6) In order to avoid the actual processing of the unexpected 2, the procedure will enter machine, programmers have to lock machine (machine locked and trial operation function), then use the machine the Track animated feature, simulation process. 5 Conclusion Of the above, the master basic method of NC programming and on the basis of this further improved, the need for a large number of programming and the actual operation, in practice, accumulated rich experience. Programming, programming staff to understand the performance of CNC machine tools, specifications and operation； enhancing technology, tool and fixture knowledge of the study, a reasonable choice knives, cutting a fixture and the amount and form good habits and style programming. 华北科技学院毕业设计（论文） 第 9 页 共 16 页 XKA5032A型数控铣床的编程方法 摘要 ： 本文通过 XKA5032A型数控铣床的编程格式、方法及特点 , 探讨了数控编程的关键和难点 , 提出了相关的解决措施 , 为数控铣床的编程提供了有益的方法 关键词 ：数控编程；编程指令；机制工艺 1引言 近年来 , 数控技术发展十分迅速 , 数控机床的普及率不断提高 , 以数控机床为代表的现代基础机械已经成为我国制造业实现生产现代化的重要手段。北京第一机床厂生产的 XKA5032型数控立式升降台铣床的数控系统的编程与操作配备了 OKUMA OSP700M数控系统，该系统许多功能与其他数控系统相似。它在分辨率、程序段预处理时间、插补时间等方面具有良好的性能。本文主要探讨该数控系统的编程方法及有关问题。 2 编程基础及格式 2.1坐标轴的命名 目前 , 国际上已采用统一的标准坐标系 , 数控机床各部件的移动位置和方向都用坐标轴表示。国际标准（ ISO）和我国部颁标准中规定机床坐标系采用右手笛卡尔坐标系法则。图 1为立式升降台数控铣床坐标系 2.2坐标轴的确定 （ 1） Z轴 Z轴是垂直的 , 以铣床主轴轴线方向作为 Z轴方向 , Z轴同时规定刀具远离工件的方向为 Z轴的正方向 （ 2） X轴 X轴是水平的 , 位于与工件安装面相平行的平面内。主轴的立柱右方规定为 X轴的正方向。 （ 3） Y轴 Y轴方向根据 Z、 X轴向右手直角笛卡尔坐标系法则来确定。 （ 4）旋转运动 第 10 页 共 16 页 旋转运动用 A、 B、 C表示 , 规定其分别绕 X、 Y、 Z轴旋转的方向运动 , 用右手螺旋法则判定其正方向。如图 1为 A、 BC、的正方向 图 1 2.3 编程格式 OKUMA OSP700M数控系统采用的程序段格式是字一地址程序段格式 , 也称为地址符可变程序段格式。程序段中各字的先后排列顺序并不严格 , 字母（地址）后的数字 的位数可多可少（即前面为 0的数字可将 0省略） 。 例如 N0020、 G00和 G01也可写成 N20、 G0和 G1。这种程序段格式简便、直观 , 容易检查 , 应用广泛。每一个程序段中有若干个字。如在 N0020 G90 G00 X60 Y90这个程序 段中 , G90为绝对位置尺寸模式 , G00为点定位快速移动 , X60、 Y90为坐标位置 , 它表示了一个完整的动作。主轴（刀具）以绝对位置尺寸方式快速定位到“ X60、 Y90” 的坐标位置 , “ X60”表示 X轴正向坐标 60mm, X为坐标地址 , 60为坐标尺寸数值 ,“ Y90” 字表示 Y轴正向坐标 90mm, Y为坐标地址 , 90为坐标尺寸数值。 2.3.1准备功能 G 准备功能代码是由字母 (称为地址符 )G和后面的二位数字来表示。 G代码按其功能的不同分为若干组。 G代码有两种型态 :即模态式 G代码和非模态式 G代码。非模态式 G代码只限定在被指定的某个程序段中有效 ,G04表示暂停的指令属于非模态式 G代码。模态式 G代码又称为续效代码 , 具有延续性 , 在后续程序段中只要同组其他 G代码未出现之前一直有效。如 G15 H1, 其中 G15是为了方便编程 , 由数控机床提供工件坐标系的设定功能 ,是模态 的 , H1为工件坐标系的组号。有的模态式代码可以通过机床状态参数来设定 , 使它成为默认的有效状态 , 如 G00 X0 Y0表示快速定位至零点。 2.3.2辅助功能代码 M 华北科技学院毕业设计（论文） 第 11 页 共 16 页 辅助功能代码由字母 (称为地址符 )M和后面的位数字组成。它用来指令机床辅助动作及其状态的功能 , 如机床加工操作时的工艺性指令、起动电磁阀等操作、主轴的启停、切削液的开关等。除去一些固定、通用的 M代码 , 许多数控功能的 M代码都由机床制造厂商确定。如 M00表示程序停止。 M00是一个暂停指令 , 当执行有 M00指令的程序段后 , 主轴停转、进给停止、切 削液关闭、程序停止。它像执行单个程序段操作一样 , 把状态信息全部保存起来 , 利用 NC命令启动按下“ 启动”按钮 , 可使机床继续运转。在一个程序段中只能编写一个 M代码 ；如果在一个程序段中同时编写了两个或两个以上的 M代码时 , 则只有最后一个 M代码有效 , 其余的 M代码均无效。 2.3.3主轴功能代码 S 主轴转速由字母称为地址符及后面的若干位数字来表示 , 单位为 r/min。例如 S200, 表示主轴转速为 200r/min。 2.3.4刀具功能代码 t 刀具功能由字母 (称为地址符 )T及后面的位数字来表示。由于有刀具交换装 置的机床在进行多道工序加工时 , 必须选取合适的刀具每把刀具应安排一个刀号 , 刀号在程序中指定 , 数控系统按照指令准备下一把刀 , 例如 T6表示将准备第 6号刀具。 2.3.5 进给功能代码 F 进给速度由字母 (称为地址符 )F及后面的若干数字来表示 , 单位为 mm/min(米制 )或in/min(英寸制 )。例如 , 米制的 F150, 表示进给速度为 150mm/min。 2.3.6 刀具长度补偿功能代码 H 刀具长度补偿功能由字母称为地址符及后面的几位数字表示。 H后的数字为存放刀具长度补偿值的寄存器地址号。例如 H18, 表示 刀具长度补偿量用第 18号的值。 2.3.7 刀具半径补偿功能代码 D 刀具半径补偿号功能由字母（称为地址符） D及后面的几位数字表示。 D后的数字为存放刀具半径补偿值的寄存器地址号。例如 D16, 表示刀具半径补偿量用第 16号的值。 2.3.8 其他常用代码 圆心相对于起点沿 X轴的坐标为 I, 圆心相对于起点沿 Y轴的坐标 J, 程序名为 0 第 12 页 共 16 页 3 编程实例 3.1 一连杆零件知 图 2, 要求对厚度为 20mm的连杆的轮廓进行精铣数控加工 (1)刀具选择 20mm的立铣刀。 (2)安全 面高度 Z50mm。 (3)进刀 /退刀方式 :离开工件 20mm以上 ,直线引人切向进刀 , 圆弧引出切向退刀。 (4)分析零件图样和连杆轮廓的特征点 , 确定加工路线 , 进行工艺处理。 (5)定位站装夹右边 30mm的孔上 , 并以此为坐标原点及对刀点 , 使编程简单 , 并能保证加工精度。铣刀的端面距零件的表面要有一定的距离 , 选用忙的立铣刀材料是高速钢确定走刀路线时 , 需考虑切向切人切出。走刀路线为 铣大圆 :P1 P2 P3 P1 铣小圆 P4 P6 P5 P4 铣整个轮廓 P1 P2 P5 P4 P6 P3 P1 3.2数学处理 华北科技学院毕业设计（论文） 第 13 页 共 16 页 需求出连杆机构中各几何元素相切的基点坐标值 , 并按确定的走刀路线计算出各点的坐标 ,应用三角、几何及解析的数学方法即可求出。它们在工件坐标系中的绝对坐标值为： 0，（ 0， 0）； P1（ 40， 0）； P2（ -3.920， 39.810） ； P3（ -3.920， -39.810） ； P4（ -18