《如何巧猜生词》PPT课件.ppt

新干中学曾爱华,新干中学曾爱华,Lead-in(课堂导入):Ifyoucomeacrossthenewwordsinyourreadingcomprehension,howwillyoudealwiththem?,Thebetterway-Guess,阅读理解中如何巧猜生词?,TodaysTask（教学任务）:HowToGuessUnknownWordsProperlyInOurReadingComprehension?,高考例题Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendmuchtimetodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.（2011年全国卷）,一.WordFormation构词法,派生法（Derivation）,合成法(Compounding),转化法（Conversion）,缩略法（Abbreviation）,luckyunlucky;designdesigner,space+shipspaceship,cleanadj.cleanvt.,InformationtechnologyIT,1、派生法（Derivation）,前缀（prefix)+词根(root)=新词词根(root)+后缀（suffix）=新词,un-dis-im-mis-non-in-,understandpolitesmokeragreefairactive,unfairdisagreeimpolitemisunderstandnonsmokerinactive,Toenlargehisvocabulary,lastnightTomstayeduplateintothenight.Asaresult,heoversleptthismorning.,2.over-:(1)toomuch(太，过于),overeat/overweight/overwork/overtired/overcook.,Someimportantprefixes（前缀）:,1.Thetrainsare_duringtheSpringFestival.(crowded)2.Thelittleboyis_forhisage.(develop)3.Ourteachersoften_ustostudyhard.(courage),overcrowded,overdeveloped,1.en-:使,enable/endanger/enrich/encourage,发育过度,过于拥挤,encourage,鼓励,Someimportantsuffixes后缀(root+suffix):,collecthopehomeimprovedecideshorthappyeat,-ment-sion-tion-ness-ful,-able-less-en,collectionn.hopeful/lessadj.homelessadj.improvementn.decisionn.shortenvt.happinessn.eatableadj.,-ment,-tion,-sion,-ness,-ful,-able,-less,-en等,Letshaveacompetition!,I.GuesstheChinesemeaningofthecomplicatedwords.imbalanceimmoralabnormalillogicalirregularirrelativeinhumaninseparablenonstopunintentionallyunbelievabletheoreticalenvironmentalist,II.Changetherootsasmanyaspossibleaccordingtoprefixandsuffixcompetevarybelieveconsumeconcernlogicattenddevotepersonintendrealorganizeproducehopelegalforget,withtheirshiningbrowneyes,shakingtails(尾巴)andunconditionallove,traineddogscanprovidethenonjudgmentalblindmenwithusefulhelp.(2010NMET),unconditional:nonjudgmental:,无条件的，绝对的,没有判断力的,高考题根据构词法和语境猜测划线词义.,2、合成法（Compounding）,把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。,worldwideunderwearwaiting-roomheart-to-heart,世界范围的,内衣,候诊室/候车室,心连心的,练习题InthisWorldFootballCupfortheballplayersfrombothSpainandHolland,playingwellinthefinalfootballgameandwinningarethelife-and-deathaffairs.(2011NewsReportfromChinaDaily),生死攸关的,Nevertroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.,V.,n.,n.,V.,麻烦不找你就别惹是生非。,3、转化法（Conversion）,由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。,4、缩略法（Abbreviation）,PC3GSOSWWWVIP,PersonalComputer,ThirdGeneration,SaveOurShip,WorldWideWeb,VeryImportantPerson,对比/转折,因果关系,同位关系,定义解释/生活常识,.Guessbyfindingcluesinthetext.（根据上下文线索猜测生词）,1.ThoughTomsfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.2.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings；whilehiswifeisverythrifty.3.Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.,1.污秽的,2.节约的,3.不同意,点拨一根据对比/转折关系推测词义。对比是描述和说明事物的常用方式，对比的事物是相反的，因此根据对比或转折关系可从已知推出未知。,2.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.A.smallB.largeC.dullD.beautiful,1.Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowaterforalongtime.A.weresweetB.wereredC.becamedryD.wereugly,点拨二根据因果关系推测词义。常用来表因果关系的词有because,since,as,for,so,therefore,so/suchthat,sothat等。,点拨三根据同位关系推测词义。同位语是对前面的内容进行解析，两部分之间多用逗号，有时使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。同位语前常用or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,namely,i.e.等.,1.OneofthemajorfeaturesofEnglishvocabularyispolysemousmanymeanings.2.Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily.,adj.一词多义的,adj.易碎的,脆的,Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.2.Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.3.StevePaulJobsdiedlastyear.Overathousandpeopleattendedhisfuneral.,木匠,动物学家,葬礼,点拨四根据定义解释、生活常识、逻辑推理推测生词。,练一练,1.Anothersecretabouteyesisthattheycanbetransplanted.Itisquitedifficulttojoinaneyeballtoanewhead.A再造B.移植C.重组D.搬迁2.Dontlistentohisnonsense.Whathesaidmadenosense.A.meaninglesswordsB.meaningfulwordsC.beautifulwordsD.clevertalk,根据构词法或句中线索猜测红色字体词义.,构词法+语境,4.Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadwell.5.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.,牧人（定语解析）,语义学（同位语）,6.ThereweresomanypeopleintheRedSquarethathehadtoelbowhiswaythroughthecrowd.7.Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashyandquietpersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesortomakenewfriends.,挤过（因果关系）,爱交际的/性格外向的（对比关系）,8.Higherandhigherflewthenewly-madeplaneuntilitvanishedintheclouds.A.disappearedB.brokedownC.appearedD.tookoff9.RainforestsliketheAmazon(亚马孙河)areimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheskyandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.(11福建)A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout,上下文+生活常识,生活常识,切记