外文翻译--汽车电动助力转向系统发展综述

附 录 A 外文文献 Overview ofDevelopment on Vehicle EPS System Abstract The currentdevelopment of an electric power steering(EPS) system in an automobile is explicated. The structure, types and characteristics of electric power steering system are introduced. The modeling technologies for electric power steering system and control strategies are analyzed and compared. The development trend of electric power steering system in an automobile is also discussed. It is pointed that the electric power steering technology is one orientation ofpower steering technologies in the future, and whichwill occupy a predominantposition in power steering field. Key words:Automobile； Electric power steering system； Development trend 1 EPS system types and characteristics 1.1 EPS system classification The early development of EPS system is low in steering type car。 Present 4 types of EPS system are based on rack-and pinion steering system,The installation position according to power motors can be divided into different:Type booster steering、 Small gear power type、 Double small gear power type and Rack power type。 The steering the instrumentality of motor power type EPS installed in the steering,Motor power torque through increased after worm worm gear deceleration in the steering directly added twist。 Its advantage is motor can be installed in any position hacking,Relative to other several types minimum cost；The drawback to motor torque ripple effects of driver feel bigger。 The drawback to motor torque ripple effects of driver feel bigger,The instrumentality of torque motor added in small gear axle directly。Advantage: rigid, steering road to feel strong。 Double pinion steering rack boosts type EPS are installed on two small gear, A small gear and steering plate connected, power motors through another pinion and rack meshing, provide power for rack. Advantage: can provide relatively large pow. 1.2 EPS system merit EPS system and the traditional hydraulic power steering system has the following advantages compared （ 1)EPS in various riding condition can provides the best efforts。 In the car or parking at Treasury and low-speed steering provide enough power for the driver， In high-speed steering made drivers have good road feeling， And reduce caused by pavement of rough disturbance of steering system ， Improving auto steering characteristics。 （ 2） Improve the car fuel economy， Urban conditions can improve fuel economy. (3) the average 5%, saving fuel 3. EPS system only when the vehicle steering only provide power, Unlike traditional hydraulic power steering system even in dont turn,Pumps have been running. （ 3） EPS system structure is compact, parts, convenient in installation and smaller number to assemble, enhanced the labor productivity due to tell the packed in engine pulleys and oil pump, set aside of the space can be used to install other parts of FIAT Punto production company adopted DELPHI company developed the electric power steering system, loading time reduced around 80 percent. （ 4） EPS system cancelled hydraulic loop, there is no oil leakage and oil leakage problem, reduce the pollution to the environment, and save a lot of steering oil. （ 5） EPS system has the function of self diagnosis, convenient in maintenance and maintenance. （ 6 ） EPS system has good low temperature performance, even in 40 environment, EPS system also can work very well, has higher reliability and safety. （ 7） EPS systems biggest advantage is the performance of the whole system can not changing the system structure of the cases, by changing the system control strategy of programming realize, in order to meet different models and different driving feel the need, greatly reduced the development cost and improve the efficiency of development. 2 EPS System Key Components EPS system key components Angle sensor are mainly torque sensor speed preach 2.1 Corner Sorque Sensor Sensors for real-time detection of steering Angle rotation direction and steering disk disk position， The torque sensor for real-time detection steering dish torque size，And will signal transmission to EPS system of electronic control unit (ECU)。 Corner the torque sensor precision problem decided the electric power steering system performance and reliability， Accelerate development research performance reliable, low-cost corner torque sensor is very important， The cost of the sensor is restricted by the electric power steering system one of the main factors market. 2.2 Speed Sensor The wheel speed sensors used to measure the size of the average speed speed sensor using electromagnetic induction sensor installation on the sensor in gearbox according to the change, the main speed pulse vice two system signals to ECU, because this was two system, therefore the signal reliability improved 2.3 Power Motors Power motors is EPS system actuators, and help motor characteristics directly affect the EPS system to control the ease or drivers handle EPS system for power motors are basic requirements of the high reliability should be, big power, low noise and vibration, low friction torque, small volume and weight； Can turn in blocking next output torque； good mechanical properties, in the process of operation, as far as possible to small torque ripple； The small inertia should as far as possible； Should be able to fast reverse current EPS system the instrumentality of permanent magnet dc motor are usually motive brushless dc motor and switched reluctance motor dc have brush motor mature technology, controller, low cost, but simple existing wear easily power dense brush Spark, need not often maintenance and high efficiency and power density under。 Therefore, suitable for the development of the EPS systems used low cost high power density of brushless dc motor is the future research direction of electric motor booster. 2.4 Reducing Gear Its and motor is linked together, up slow increase twist of the deceleration agencies role EPS system often adopted worm and worm wheel mechanism circulating ball screw nut planetary gear agencies to ensure that EPS system only in a predetermined speed range role, some EPS system also with clutch when speed up to a certain value, clutch, motor stopped working, steering system. 2.5 Electric Power Steering Electronic control unit (ECU) function is based on steering Angle torque and speed of the disk, logical analysis and signal, issue commands to calculate, control the action in addition, boosts motor has a safety protection and self ECU diagnose function ECU through gather current generator voltage engine conditions signal judge its system working condition is normal, once. 3 EPS System Research Situation 3. 1 EPS System Development Situation EPS system was first by Japanese suzuki motor company in 1988 February development, Cervo small cars in the equipment installed in the Alto, then in 1993, Honda motor company is the worlds first put EPS as standard equipment configuration in advanced sports car AcuraNSX, Japan automobile manufacturers then the Mira and mitsubishis wrath Minica correspondingly installed EPS system since then, electric power to turn Booster motor,The two companies are about 70% models adopted the steering power type EPS starting and GM chose TRW company offers of a transitional technology, including electric hydraulic steering technology,Volkswagen is in its PQ35 was used on the platform of the complex ZF provide double small gear power type EPS. In a foreign country, EPS system application range is from original mini on commercial to limousines MPV, booster forms from low speed range booster type to full speed range booster type direction. At present domestic to EPS system research, mainly on the hacking power type with mini car carry EPS system on EPS of university basically has: study of tsinghua university, Beijing university of science and technology, huazhong university of science and technology university in Beijing university of tianjin university of hefei technical university of jiangsu automobile industry of hubei province, wuhan university of technology, college guangzhou Honda flying across SiDi, changhe plough is the earliest equipment models, EPS EPS system makes these cars became the highlight of participates in the market competition. 4 Conclusion EPS systems involve the sensor technology microelectronics control modern control theory and the traditional mechanical design, EPS to represent the future car power steering technology development direction, will serve as a standard accessories one of the bus, and equipment in power steering field is the dominant so EPS is very wide application prospect, our country is necessary to increase investment on research and development. 附 录 B 中文译文 汽车电动助力转向系统发展综述 摘要 综述了国内外汽车电动助力转向 (EPS)系统的发展现状 ,介绍了电动助力转向系统的结构、类型及其特点。分析对比了国内外电动助力转向系统建模及控制策略 ,展望了电动助力转向系统的发展趋势 ,指出电动助力转向技术代表未来汽车动力转向技术的发展方向之一 ,并将在动力转向领域占据主导地位。 关键词 :汽车 ；电动助力转向系统 ；发展趋势 1 EPS 系统的类型与特点 1. 1 EPS 系统的分类 早期开发的 EPS系统都是低速、驻车转向助力型。目前现有的 4种类型的 EPS系统都是基于齿轮齿条转向系统的 ,按照助力电动机的安装位置不同可以分为 :转向柱助力型、小齿轮助力型、双小齿轮助力型和齿条助力型。转向柱助力型 EPS的助力电动机安装在转向柱上 ,电动机助力转矩通过蜗杆蜗轮减速增扭后直接加在转向柱上。其优点是电动机可以安装在转向柱的任何位置 ,成本相对其他几种类型最低 ；缺点对电动机的转矩波动对驾驶员手感影响较大。小齿轮助力型 EPS的助力电动机通过小齿轮与齿条啮合 ,电动机的助力转矩直接加在小齿轮轴上。优点是 :刚性好 ,转向路感强。双小齿轮助力型 EPS的转向齿条上安装有两个小齿轮 ,一个小齿轮与转向盘相连 ,助力电动机通过另外一个小齿轮与齿条啮合 ,为齿条提供助力。优点是 :可以提供相对较大的助力。 1. 2 EPS 系统的优点 EPS系统与传统的液压动力转向系统相比有以下优点 : （ 1)EPS能在各种行驶工况下提供最佳助力。在驻车或停车入库以及低速转向时为驾驶员提供足够的助力 ,在高速转向时使驾驶员有良好的 “ 路感 ”, 并减小由路面不平所引起的对转向系统的扰动 ,改善汽车的转向特性。 （ 2)提高了汽车的燃油经济性 ,城市工况下燃油经济性可以提高 3. 5%,平均节省燃油 3%。 EPS系统仅在汽车转向时才提供助力 ,不像传统的液压动力转向系统即使在不转向时 ,油泵也一直运转。 （ 3)EPS系统结构紧凑 ,零件数量较少 ,便于安装和装配 ,提高了劳动生产率。由于省去了装于发动机上的皮带轮和油泵 ,留出的空间可以用于安装其他部件。FIAT公司生产的 Punto采用了 DELPHI公司开发的电动助力转向系统 ,装车时间减少了 80%左右。 （ 4)EPS系统取消了液压回路 ,不存在渗油和漏油问题 ,减少了对环境的污染 ,同时又节省了 大量的转向助力油。 （ 5)EPS系统具有自我诊断的功能 ,便于维修和保养。 （ 6)EPS系统具有良好的低温工作性能 ,即使在 -40 的环境下 ,EPS系统也能很好地工作 ,具有更高的可靠性、安全性。 （ 7)EPS系统最大的优点就是整个系统的性能可以在不改变系统结构的情况下 ,通过改变系统的控制策略、编程来实现 ,从而满足不同的车型和不同的驾驶感觉的需要 ,大大减低了开发的成本 ,提高了开发效率。 2 EPS 系统的关键部件 EPS系统的关键部件主要有转角传感器、转矩传感器、车速传感器、助力电动机、减速机构和电控制单元 (ECU)等。 2.1 转角、转矩传感器 转角传感器用于实时检测转向盘的转动方向以及转向盘的位置 ,转矩传感器用于实时检测转向盘转矩大小 ,并将信号输送到 EPS系统的电控单元 (ECU)。转角、转矩传感器的精度问题决定了电动助力转向系统的性能可靠性 ,加速开发研究性能可靠成本低廉的转角、转矩传感器十分重要 ,传感器的成本是制约电动助力转向系统市场化的主要因素之一。 2.2 车速传感器 车速传感器用来测量车速的大小。车速传感器一般采用电磁感应式传感器 ,安装在变速箱上。该传感器根据车速的变化 ,把主副两个系统的脉冲信号传送 给ECU,由于是两个系统 ,因此信号的可靠性提高了。 2.3 助力电动机 助力电动机是 EPS系统的执行元件 ,助力电动机的特性直接影响到 EPS系统控制 的 难易程度和驾驶员的手感。 EPS系统对助力电动机的基本要求是 :应具有高的可靠性 ， 大的功率 ,低噪声和振动 ,较低的摩擦转矩 ,较小的体积和重量 ；能够在堵转下输出转矩 ；有良好的机械特性 ,在工作过程中 ,转矩波动尽量要小 ；转动惯量应尽可能的小 ；应能快速的反转。目前 EPS系统的助力电动机通常有永磁直流电动机、直流无刷电动机和开关磁阻电动机等。直流有刷电动机技术成熟 ,控制器简单 ,成本低 ,但存在电刷易磨损、功率密度低、由换向器的电火花产生的电磁干扰等缺点。直流无刷电动机采用电子换向 ,减少了换向时的电火花 ,不需要经常维护以及具有较高的效率和功率密度而受到越来越多的关注。因此 ,开发适合 EPS系统使用的低成本、高功率密度的直流无刷电动机是今后助力电动机的研究方向。 2.4 减速机构 其与电动机相连 ,起减速增扭作用。 EPS系统的减速机构常采用蜗轮蜗杆机构、循环球螺