句子成分介词短语词的搭配.ppt

PartOnePreviewKnowledgeKongNannan,Lessontwo2008.09.22,I.SentenceMembers,subject(主),predicate(谓),object(宾)attributive(定)adverbial（状）predicative(表)complement(补)appositive(同位语)parenthesis(插入语),知识点扩充：可以带双宾语的常见动词,此类动词以give为代表，常带有“给予”的意思。Allow,assign,ask,award,bring,buy,cause,fetch,give,hand,leave,offer,owe,pay,post,promise,read,return,sell,send,show,sing,take,telephone,tell,teach,throw,write.Givesb.sth.Givesth.tosb.Eg.Canyoubuymeameal?CanIaskyouaquestion?Causemealotoftrouble.,Thefollowingpointsmaybeimportant.,1.Positionsofanappositive同位语(PayattentiontoitstranslationintoChinese.)(1)normalpositions(p6)immediatelyfollowedbysetoffbyacommafromnounsetoffbyacolonfromappositivesetoffbyadashfromsetoffbyanintroducingwordorphrasefrom(namely,thatis,suchas,forexample,.),译法总结(3种)：,这个这一把同位语单独译成一句。Thetermsensitivity（灵敏度）isoftenusedinradioengineering.灵敏度这一术语经常用于无线电工程中。Theword“radar”comesfromradiodetectionandranging.（p6）雷达这一术语来自无线电探测与测距。单独译成一句（一般有逗号分开时）Arithmetic（算术）,thescienceofnumbers,isthebaseofmathematics.（p6）算术是一门有关数字的科学，它是数学的基础。Thedecibelisonetenthofabel,aunitnamedafterAlexanderGrahamBell.分贝是贝尔的十分之一，而贝尔这个单位是根据亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔的名字命名的。,译法总结：,译成“也就是”或用破折号引出Thischapterexaminesthepropertiesofanimportantnonlinear（非线性的）device,thedioderectifier（整流器）.本章介绍了一种重要的非线性设备整流器。,(2)specialpositions(了解),主语的同位语处于主语前（一般译成独立的一句；或译成“作为”）appositive,subjectAnewtechnologyintroducedinthe1960s,lasercanpiercethehardestsubstancesuchasdiamond.激光是在20世纪60年代发展起来的一项新技术，它能穿透像金刚石这样最坚硬的物质。一个句子的同位语处于句子末尾（译成单独的一句）,appositive(anounphrase)Amagnetattractsironmaterials,afamiliarphenomenon.磁铁能吸引铁质材料，这是大家所熟悉的一种现象。,2.Complement补语p7,（1）某些动词带有补足语：let,make,call,find,get,have,keep（2）在被补足的成分和补足成分之间有以下两种关系：A.主表关系(is判别法)Wecallsuchamaterialaninsulator.(Suchamaterialisaninsulator.)B.主谓关系(拼接试探判别法)Metalsallowcurrenttoflowthroughthemeasily.金属允许电流容易地通过它们。,双宾语与宾语补语的区别：,试探法：Ishallgiveyouabook.(Youareabook.Giveabooktoyou.)E.g.ThemagneticfieldstrengthisassignedasymbolH.(保留宾语，assign可带双宾；两者没有主表关系)Theydontknowtheexacttimetostarttheexperiment.(后置定语，没有主谓关系),3.Parentheticclause插入语p7,Aruleforitsjudgment:Itsbeingcrossedoutwontaffectthemeaningandthestructureofthewholesentence.(1)inthemainclauseLivingthingstoo,itnowseemscertain,obeythelawsofphysicsandchemistry.Itnowseemscertainthat.现在似乎可以肯定的是，生物同样遵循物理和化学的原理。Thedensity（密度）ofasubstance,werecall,isitsmass（质量）perunitvolume（体积）.大家记得吧，物质的密度就是其单位体积的质量。,(2)inthesub-clauseOneofthemajorproblemswhichfacedmeinwritingthisbookwas“digesting”thevastliteratureoncomputer-basedlibrarysystemsandpresentingitinwhatIhopeisaclearandconcisemanner.我在撰写本书过程中所面临的主要问题之一是“消化”有关机辅图书馆系统的大量文献资料，并且以我希望的清晰、简洁的方式来介绍它们。,（3）using“say=letussay”orsometypeof“what-clause”Aresistorofsay100ohmsmaybeconnectedacrossC2.在该容器两端可以并接一个比如说100欧姆的电阻器。Therulesmustbefew,and,whatismoreimportant,simple.规则必须要少，而且更为重要的是，要简单。whichamountstothesamething“换句话说”whatisequivalent“换句话说”whatismoreimportantwhatismore“而且；更有甚者”whatisthesamething“同样的是；换个说法（也一样）”,II.PrepositionalPhrases,1.Formation(p8)preposition+theobjectofthepreposition(nounorpronoun),2.FunctionsofaprepositionalphraseAdverbial状语E.g.InthelibrarytherearemanybooksinEnglish.(p9)E.g.Thisexperimentshouldbedonewithcare.care,skill,ease,difficulty,withaccuracy,precision,flexibility,rapidity=theircorrespondingadverbs,补充知识点1,(2)Attribute定语-asapostmodifieronlyTheswitchonthewallnearthedooroftheroomisfortheceilinglight.（p9）门边墙上的开关是用来管顶灯的。(3)Complement补语-mostlythe“as-phrase”requiredbymanyverbsdefineAasB把A定义为BregardAasB把A当作为BrefertoAasB把A称为BThisparameter（参数）isdefinedastheratioofsignaltonoise.这个参数被定义为信号和噪声之比。,*Anincreasingnumberofengineeringdesignersfinditofvaluetohaveaworkingknowledgeofelectroniccomputers.越来越多的工程设计者发现，具备计算机使用知识是有价值的。of+interest,use,value,help,importance,significance=名词相对应的形容词*afewsetverbalphrases:(keepatwork;setinmotion)Electricitykeepsmachinesatwork.Nowsetthecharges（电荷）inmotionandmeasurethemagneticforce（磁力）.使电荷运转,补充知识点2,(4)Predicative表语Anothercommonapproachisthroughtheuseofasymmetricalsquarewave.(对称方波)另一常用的方法是使用一个对称方波。(5)Parenthesis插入语-manysetphrases(infact;ofcourse;forexample,)Forexample,wecanmakeanelectricalbellwiththiskindofmagnet.,(6)Prepositionalobject介词宾语-onlyafterafewprepositions,suchas“from,except,to,)Theenergyfromwithintheearthcanbeexploited.可以开发来自地球内部的能量。Thehighestorder（度）ofaccuracyobtainableinusingthistechniqueistowithin0.01percent.用这种技术获得的精度可以达到0.0001。,III.WordCollocations,Setphrasesinaword换句话说takeplace发生，进行taketheplaceof代替2.Habitualcollocations(1)Somenounsmustgowithdefiniteverbs.(2)Someverbs,adjectives,andnounsmustgowithdefiniteprepositions.,2.Habitualcollocations,(1)Somenounsmustgowithdefiniteverbs.质量improvethequality效率raiseincreasetheefficiency提高能力increasetheability认识deepentheunderstanding警惕enhanceheightenthevigilance,成就进步makeachievementsprogress一致意见reachcompleteagreementofviews取得教训drawlessons成功achievesucces同意obtainconsent作一分析比较；研究makeananalysisacomparison;astudy作一介绍描述；说明giveanintroductionadescription;anexplanation,（2）Someverbs,adjectives,andnounsmustgowithdefiniteprepositions.,E.g.Laserbeamsaresentatthemoon.(p10)throwaimrush冲向(vt.)shootat(vi.)fireat向开火emitshout朝叫喊（欢呼）sendpoint(be)representativeof=represent(be)descriptiveof=describe(be)characteristicof=characterize(be)parallelto平行于。(be)similarto类似于。,动词搭配,形容词搭配,Emphasisshouldbelaidonthecollocationofanounwithapreposition。,Afixedprepositiongoesbeforeorafteranoun.Beforeanoun.AfteranounAnimportantformatofwordcollocationFormat:nounofAprepositionB,名词搭配,Afixedprepositiongoesbeforeorafteranoun.Beforeanoun无线电波向四面八方传播。（p11）Radiowavestravelinalldirections.为此目的，大学生必须至少掌握一门外语。ForthispurposeTothisend,collegestudentsmustmasteratleastoneforeignlanguage.E.g.onalargescale（大规模地）toagreatlargeextentpoint,degree（在很大程度上）in(a)greatlargemeasure（在很大程度上）,Afixedprepositiongoesbeforeorafteranoun.Afteranoun,E.g.他们在参加移动通讯国际会议。（p11）Theyareattendinganinternationalconferenceonmobilecommunications.E.g.Thesestudentsaredoinganexperimentinphysicsonelectricity.这些学生在做物理实验（in后跟大学科，on后跟小学科）theresearchoninto;with;forimageprocessingtheanswerkey;solutionto(aproblem)theprefaceto(abook)anexceptionto(arule)thecurrentthrough(acomponent)thevoltageacross(acomponent)increasedecrease;rise;fall;reduction;variationinconditionrequirement;technique,method;language;skill,equation;expressionfor,Animportantformatofwordcollocation,Format:nounofAprepositionBThetranslationcanbefurtherclassifiedasthefollowingthreesub-classes:.The“noun”isanordinaryabstractnoun.Translationpattern:“A。B的”E.g.TheadvantageofTDMAoverSCPCisthatmoregroundstationscanshareasinglesatellitetransponder（应答器）.TDMA与SCPC相比的优点是更多的地面站可共享一个卫星应答器。,.E.g.Translationpattern:“A。B的”theratioofAtoBtheeffectofAonuponBtherelationshipofAtoBthedistanceofAfromBfamiliarityofAwithBthesimilarityofAtoB,.The“noun”comesfromanintransitiveverb(不及物动词),inwhichcase“A”isthelogicalsubjectofthelogicalactionexpressedbythe“noun.”Translationpattern:“A。B的”Thiscurveshowsthedependenceoftheoutputonupontheinput.该曲线画出了输出对于输入的依赖关系。Allconductorsoffersmallresistancetothepassageofelectronsthroughthem.(passthrough)电子流过导体时，遇到的阻力很小。,.E.g.thepassageofAthroughB-passthroughthemotionofAroundaroundBthedepartureofAfromBthereactionofAtoBA对B的作用thevariationofAwithB,.The“noun”comesfromatransitiveverb,inwhichcase“A”isthelogicalobjectoftheactionexpressedbythe“noun.”Translationtechnique:The“noun”isputintoatransitiveverb.E.g.Insolvingtheproblem,theresolutionofthisforceintox-andy-componentsisnecessary.在解这个题的时候，需要把这个力分解为x分量y分量。E.g.Gradually,theusefulnessofmicroprocessorsascentralprocessingunitwasrealized.人们逐渐地实现了把微分处理器用作中央处理器。,.E.g.（p12）acomparisonofAwithB：把A与B相比较theresolutionofAintoB：把A分解为BtheexposureofAtoB：使A接触BtheuseofAasB：把A用作为BthedefinitionofAintotoB：把A定义为BtheseparationofAfromintoB,*OneMorePattern:（p13）noun(fromvt.)ofAlogicalobjectbyBlogicalsubjectTheformulation（确立）ofthetheoryofrelativity（相对论）byEinsteinwasoneofthemostsignificanteventsofthe20thcentury.,Review,质量improvethequality效率raiseincreasetheefficiency提高能力increasetheability认识deepentheunderstanding警惕enhanceheightenthevigilance成就进步makeachievementsprogress一致意见reachcompleteagreementofviews取得教训drawlessons成功achievesucces同意obtainconsent作一分析比较；研究makeananalysisacomparison;astudy作一介绍描述；说明giveanintroductionadescription;anexplanation,theresearchoninto;with;forimageprocessingtheanswerkey;solutionto(aproblem)theprefaceto(abo