自考英语二笔记.doc.doc

交流学习 共同进步 更多资料索取请 QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 样本与笔记说明 1、本文档仅为前两章样本，完整版共 32 页 半 如需完整版 请 QQ： 67460666 手机： 137 8381 6366 联系 官方网址： www.ZiKaoBJ.com 2、样本和完整版笔记均严格按最新制定教材目录顺序整理，每个知识点既可以作为选择填空又可用在简答论述，而不是绝对按照考试题型总结的，因此更利于全面把握知识点或者考试时临时翻阅。 关于站长： 本站长目前于西南政法大学攻读研究生，参与了西政开办的各类考试辅导班（自考、司考、公务员、考研、成教、专升本等）。本站所有笔记均为最新自考核心班内部权威资料，经过细心整理成了 WORD 版本，便于打印、携带和查找。 关于笔记： 我们 的每一份资料都凝结着开班八年专业授课老师辛勤的心血，每一份资料都是他们智慧的结晶，每一份资料都是有生命的知识系统，我们求抓使笔记覆盖到每个知识点，抓住最核心的题目，尽我们最大之力保证通过率。 笔记特点： 本站所有自考成考笔记是我们辅导班经验丰富的老师的授课笔记精心整理而成，是一套完整复习资料，内容全面，或按不同题型分类整理，或按章节顺序整理，便于打印、携带和查找。 郑重承诺： （ 1）每部笔记的整理严格依据最新教材和考纲； （ 2）力求涵盖到每个知识点； （ 3）知识点覆盖率 80%，轻松过关。 省钱省力： （ 1）省时： A4 纸分栏，排版精美，无需再整理； （ 2）省力：可直接看笔记，无需再看教材； （ 3）省钱：省下购买教材的费用，也免去了补考费 联系方式： QQ： 67460666 旺旺： fsweetie 官方网址： www.ZiKaoBJ.com 五 钻信誉自考笔记淘宝店： / 00015 英语（二）（样本，完整版 32 页半） 笔记依据教材 大学英语自学教程 (下册 ) 1998 年版 高远 主编 高等教育出版社 笔记依据目录 Unit 1 Text A What Is a Decision? Text B Secrets of Success at an Interview Unit 2 Text A Black Holes Text B Worlds within Worlds Unit 3 Text A Euthanasia: For and Against Text B Advantage Unfair Unit 4 Text A Slavery on Our Dcorstep Text B Return of The Chain Gang Unit 5 Text A The New Music Text B Different Types of Composers Unit 6 Text A Improving Industrial Efficiency through Robotics Text B Predicting Earthquakes Unit 7 Text A Leisure and Leadership Text B The Time Message Unit 8 Text A Jet Lag: Prevention and Cure Text B Controlling Your Concentration Unit 9 Text A Aging in European Countries Text B Childrens Self-esteem Unit 10 Text A The Campaign for Election Text B The American Two-party System Unit 11 Text A Sacrificed to Science? Text B Lets Stop Keeping Pets Unit 12 Text A Let Your Mind Wander Text B To Sleep, Perchance to Dream Unit 13 Text A Work, Labor, and Play Text B The Workmans Compensation Unit 14 Text A The Teachers Last Shocking Lesson Text B The Seeds of Wrath Unit 15 Text A The Computer and The Poet Text B Changes to Come in U. S . Education 一、单词表 （ 完整版 共 3 页 ） organizational :gnaizeinl a.组织（上）的 goal gul n.1.目的，目标； 2.得分进球，球门 objective bdektiv n.目标，目的； a.1.客观的，真实的；2.如实的，无偏见的 accomplish kmpli vt.完成（任务等） predict pridikt vt./vi.预言；预示 accompany kmpni vt.1.伴随，陪同； 2.为 伴奏 implement implimnt vt.实现；完成（任务等）；履行（协定、诺言等） constraint knstreint n.1.强制； 2.强制因素，制约条件 precedent presidnt n.先例，前例 simplify simplifai vt.简化 tendency tendnsi n.趋势，倾向 managerial mndiril a.1.经理的，管理人的； 2.管理上的，经营上的 maker meik n.制造者；制造商 achievement ti:vmnt n.1.完成，达到； 2.成就，成绩 attain tein vt.达到；完成 optimal ptiml a.最适宜的；最理想的 suboptimization sbptimaizein n.局部最优化（指使整体目标中的某个选定目标圆满实现） trade-off treid f n.1.（对不能同时兼顾的因素）权衡；2.物物交换 argue :gju: vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论； vt.1.说服； 2.用辩论 证明 budget bdit n.预算； vt.1.把 编入预算； 2.安排，预定 scheme ski:m n.计划；方案； vt./vi.计划，策划 define difain vt.1.解释，给 下定义； 2.限定，规定 multiple mltipl a.多样的，复合的； n.倍数 profitability prfitbiliti n.赚钱，获利 correctness krektnis n.正确，正确性 unintended nintendid a.非计划中的，非故意的 ongoing ngui a.进行中的，前进的 entity entiti n.1.存在，实体； 2.统一性 skilled skild a.熟练的；有技能的 in the way 挡路；碍事 make a guess at 猜测 and the like 等等，诸如此类 seek to 追求，争取 (中间部分略 ) 完整版请 QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 demand for 对 的要求 go to law against 俗 控告某人 go along with 和 一起 shy away from 1.躲开，回避； 2.赞成 learn by rote 由熟记而学某事 disagree about 对 意见不一 二、 重点短语 （ 完整版 共 4 页 ） Unit 1-A 1 course of action 行动步骤，办事程序，做事方案 what is the best course of action we can take?我们采取什么办法最好 ? Your best course of action is to forget about the whole unfortunate matter你最好的方法是忘掉这一切不幸。 2 in the way 挡路，阻碍，妨碍 Im afraid your car is in the way看来你的汽车挡着道了。 I left them alone as I felt I was in the way我觉得自己碍他们的事，就走了。 3 to make a guess at 对 进行猜测 Make a guess at an answer， please!请猜 一下答案 ! If I might make a guess(at her age)， Id say she was about 30要让我猜 (她年龄 )的话，我看她大概三十岁。 4 to blind sb to sth 使某人看不到某物，使某人对某物丧失判断力 His desire to do it blinded him to all the difficulties他急于做事的愿望让他对困难一无所知。 Her lore for him blinded her to his faults她非常爱他，这让 她对他的缺点丧失了判断力。 5 to contribute to sth 1)促成，导致 Does smoking contribute to lung cancer? 吸 烟 会 导 致 肺 癌 吗 ? Carelessness contributed to his errors粗心大意造成了他的错误。 2)有助于，增添 Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject她的著作非常有助于我们对这个难题的了解 。 We hope your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem我们希望你的建议将有助于解决这个问题。，3)捐助，捐赠，贡献 to contribute aid to refugeescontribute to the Red Cross 向难民提供援助捐助红十字会 Everyone should contribute what he can afford to it人人都应该尽自己的能力做贡献。 4)撰稿，投稿 She has contributed to literary magazines她给几家文学刊物投了稿。 6 a state of affairs 情况，局势 What a shocking state of affairs!局势真惊人哪 ! That was the state of affairs before the election选举前的情况就是那样。 7 to seek to do sth 设法做某事 They are seeking to mislead他们竭力进行误导。 They sought to bring their conflict to an end他们试图结束冲突。 8 the scheme of things 事物的规律，安排 In the scheme of things， it is hard for small businesses to succeed一般来说 (按事物的规律 )，小本生意难做。 9 in part 部分地；在某种程度上 His success was due in part to luck在某种程度上，他成功靠的是运气。 Were losing money-in part because ， with our ancient computers， we cant stay competitive我们在赔钱 -在某种程度上是因为我们仍用旧的计算机，缺乏竞争力。 10 vary fromto 从 变为 ；在 与 之间变化 Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression她的情绪一下子由乐观变为极度消沉。 These fish vary in weight from 31b to 5lb这些鱼的重量从三磅到五磅不等。 Unit 1-B 1 to apply for 申请，请求 to apply for a job postpassport visa scholarship 申请工作职位护照签证奖学金 to apply to the publishers for the permission to reprint an extract 向出版者请求准予转印节录 2 day-to-day 1)日常的，每日常规工作的 She has been looking after the day-to day administration她一直做日常的管理工作。 2)逐日的 I have organized the cleaning on a day-to-day basis， until the usual cleaner returns我已经安排了清洁工回来前的逐日清洁工作。 3 to have no idea 不知道；无能力 He has no idea how to manage people他根本不知道如何做人事工作。 You have no idea how worried I was!你根本不知道我有多么担心 ！ 4 to take the trouble to do sth 费力做某事，不辞劳苦做某事 Decent journalists should take the trouble to check the facts责任心强的新闻工作者应该不厌其烦地核实报导内容。 Nobody took the trouble to comfort the angry woman没有人费力去劝劝那位愤怒的女人， 5 to put oneself in sbs place 设身处地替某人着想 If you put yourself in my place you would understand it设身处地替我想一下，你就会理解的。 cf in sbs place 处于某人的境地 What would you do in my place?你要是我会怎样做 ? In her place Id sell the lot我要是她的话就全部卖掉。 6 to ones advantage 对某人有利，对某人有帮助 You will find it to your advantage to learn some German before you visit Switzerland你会发现去瑞士前学一点德语将对你有好处。 It would be to our mutual advantage to continue the training centre把培训中心继续办下去对我们双方都有好处。 cf to ones disadvantage 对某人不利，有损某人的声誉 It would be to your disadvantage to invest in the project在这个工程上投资对你会十分不利。 Have you heard of the turnouts to his disadvantage?你听说那些对他不利的谣言了吗 ? 7 at a disadvantage 处于不利地位 His inability to speak English put him at a disadvantage他不会说英语，这使他很吃亏。 They are working at a great disadvantage他们正在非常不利的情况下工作。 8 to ask for 要求，请求 Did you ask(your boss)for a pay increase?你请求 (老板 )加薪了吗 ? Driving after drinking alcohol is asking for trouble酒后开车是自讨苦吃。 9 in hand 1)在手中 (持有 )；在手头 (随时可用 ) I still have some money in hand我手头还有些钱。 2)在控制下 We have the situation well in hand我们完全控制住了局面。3)正在办理、处理之中 The work is in hand and will soon be completed这项工作正在进行之中，不久即可完成。 10 to make sure(of that)1)弄清楚，核实，查明 I think the doors locked but Id better go and make sure(of it that it is)我想门已经锁了，但我最好还是去查实一下。 2)设法确保 We have made arrangements to make sure that the visit goes well 为确保参观顺利进行我 们已经做了安排。 11 to turn down 1)to turn sb sth down 顶回，拒不理会，拒绝 He tried to join the army but was turned down because of poor health他想参军，但因身体欠佳而被断然拒绝。 He asked Jane to marry him but she turned him down他请求简嫁给他，可她拒绝了。 2)to turn sth down 调节 (炉具、收音机等 )使热量、音量、温度等降低 Dont forget to turn down the gas after an hour or so别忘了过一小时左右把煤气关小点儿。 Turn the taperecorder down-Im trying to get some sleep把录音机关小点儿 -我想睡一会儿。 12 as soon as 一 就 ，不迟于 He left as soon as he heard the news他一听到这消息就走了。 Ill tell him as soon as possible我会尽快告诉 他的。 (中间部分略 ) 完整版请 QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 Unit 15-A 1 But the question persists and indeed grows whether the computer will make it easier or harder for human beings to know who they really are， to identify their real problems， to respond more fully to beauty， to place adequate value on life， and to make their world safer than it now is但是对于以下问题，人们的疑问还存在着，而且有增无减。这些问题就是：对于人类真正认识自己、辨清自己的问题、增强美的鉴赏力、赋予生命完全的价值以及使世界更加安全等，电脑起了什么样的作用 ?使它们更难了，还是使它们更容易了 ? 在这个句子中， the question persists and indeed grows 是主句。 whether 以后的部分就是 question 的内容。其中的 it 指的是后面的五个动词不定式短语。 2 Facts are terrible things if left spreading and unexamined如果对事实材料不加整理研究，它们就会引起麻烦。 if 后面省略了 they are。 3 A genuine purpose may be served by turning loose the wonders of the creative imagination on the kinds of problems being put to electronic technology为达到真正目的，可以解开创造性的想像力的羁绊，使其神奇作用应用于电子技术的各种难题。本句的结构可做如下分析：主句为 A genuine purpose may be served，后面是by 引导的介词短语做方式状语。在这个状语中， turn loose 后面是一个宾语加宾语补足语。宾语就是 the wonders of the creative imagination，补足语就是 on the kinds of problems being put to electronic technology。而在这个补足语中， being put to electronic technology 做problem 的定语。 (剩余 部分略 ) 完整版请 QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 三、 重点难点句子详解 （ 完整版 共 2.4 页 ） Unit 1-A 1 A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available决策就是从可选的行动方案中做出选择。本句中 “course of action”是固定搭配，意为 “行动步骤；办事程序；做事方案 ”。 that 从句为定语从句，修饰 courses，介词短语 amongavailable作 from 的宾语，另如： They were mostly elected from among the workers他们大多数是从工人中选出来的。He took his watch from under the pillow他从枕头下把表拿了出来。 We didnt meet until after the show我们直到演出后才见面。 2 some suggest that the management process is decision making 有人认为管理过程就是决策过程。当suggest 意为 “建议 ”时，后面从句中的谓语动词使用虚拟语气，即 “(should)+动词原形 ”形式，而当 suggest表达 “认为；提出；暗示 ” 时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：It is suggested that the meeting(should)be held at some other time人们建议会议改期进行。 She smiled， but her eyes suggested that she was not happy at all她笑了笑，但眼神却显示出她并不幸福。 Are you suggesting that I am too old for the job?你是说我老得干不了这份工作 ? 3.decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them 决策既包 括识别选项又包括缩小选项范围。在 A as well as B 结构中，语义侧重点通常在 A 项，一般可理解为 “不仅 B，而且 A”或 “既 B 又 A”。例如： There are advantages as well as disadvantages of friction摩擦力既有消极作用，也有积极作用。 Unit 1-B 1 In fact I did have several questions， but you have already answered them all我刚才确实有些问题，但您已经全部解答过了。 助动词 do 在肯定句中用在动词之前可以表示强调，其形式只有现在时 (do， does)和过去时(did)，这种用法叫做强调肯定式。例如： I do think you are a good cook我确实认为你是个好厨师。 So you did come after all你毕竟还是来了。用在祈使句中，能使清求更加客气而友好，或者更具有鼓励作用一例如：Do have another cup of tea， please请再喝杯茶吧 ! 但是，在表示制止意义的祁使句中，助动词又可以表示说话人不耐烦的情绪。例如： Do stop talking!别说话啦！ 2.but do not let it worry you too much 但不要为这种场面而忐忑不安。动词 let， make， have， hear， see，observe 等之后的宾语补足语为不定式结构时，省略 to，又如： Let me go， will you? 让我走，好不好 ? 3 There is little likelihood that 的可能性微乎其微；几乎不可能 其他类似的表达方法还有： There is little likelihood of 几乎没有 的可能性。 There is a likelihood that of 有 的可能性。 There is every likelihood that of 完全有 的可能性。 There is no likelihood that of 绝无 的可能性。 There is a strong likelihood that of 的可能性很大。 (剩余 部分略 ) 完整版请 QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 四、课文译文 （ 完整版 共 5 页 ） Unit 1-A 什么是决策 ? 决策就是从现成的行动方案中做出选择，它旨在确立并实现组织机构的目标及指标。之所以要决策，是因为有问题存在，目标或指标错误，或者有某种东西妨碍了它们的实现。 因此，决策过程对于管理至关重要。管理者所做的一切几乎都与决策有关。事实上，有人认为管理过程就是决策过程。管理者虽然不能预测未来，但很多决策要求他们考虑未来可能发生的情况。通常，他们必须对未来事态做出最佳猜测，使偶然情况尽可能少交流学习 共同进步 更多资料索取请 QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 地发生。不过，由于未知情况总是存在，风险与决策则往往相伴。有时，决策的疏漏不会造成严重的后果，但有时后 果则不堪设想。 选择就是从不同选项中进行取舍。没有选择，就没有决策。决策制订就是选择的过程，而且许多决策有着很广的选择范围。例如，学生为了实现自己获得学位的目标，就可能从多门课程中进行选择。对管理者来说，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等因素的制约。这些制约存在于一个组织的方方面面。 选项就是可供选择的种种行动方案。没有选项，就没有选择，当然也谈不上决策。如果看不到任何选项，通常表明对问题尚未进行全面的分析研究。例如，管理者看待问题，有时采取两者择一 (非此即彼 )的方式，把复杂的问题简单化。这种倾向使他们 难以看到某些选项。 在管理层次上，制订决策包括识别选项及缩小选项范围两个方面，这个范围可以从极为狭窄到近乎无限不等。 决策者必须掌握某种方法判定其中的最佳选项，也就是说，哪个选项对实现组织目标最为有利。组织目标指该组织要努力完成或达到的目的或情形。由于个人 (和组织 )对实现目标的方式常常见解不一，最佳选择可能就取决于决策者了。有时，一个组织的下属机构做出的决策有利于自己的个体利益，但对上一级部门来说，却并非最佳选择，这种增加局部机构的利益，同时减少其他机构的利益，在不能两全情况下做出的取舍，即所谓的局部最优化 。例如，市场经理为增加广告预算，可能讲得头头是道，然而，从全局方案来看，增加优化产品的研究经费也许对整个组织有更多好处。 这种权衡利弊进行取舍的做法之所以存在，是因为一个组织想要同时达到的目标很多。有些目标虽然相比之下更为重要，但其重要性及紧迫性往往因人因部门而各不相同。不同的管理者对同一问题有着不同的看法，当他们面对一件日常事例时，销售经理趋向于看销售问题，生产经理着眼于生产问题，如此等等。 一个组织多种目标的紧迫性与重要性部分地取决于决策者的价值观念。这种价值具有个人色彩，而且复杂多变，他们自己甚至也因 此难以捉摸。在很多商业场合，对于风险与收益，不同的人有不同的接受标准，这使他们对决策正确与否也看法各异。 人们常常认为，决策是一个孤立的现象。但从系统的观点看，问题的产生有多种原因，决策既有预期的结果，也有意料之外的结果。一个组织是一个在发展中的实体，今天所作的决策可能在很远的将来才会有结果，因此，老练的管理者决策时总是放眼未来。 Unit 1-B 面试成功的秘诀 我们今天谈的主题是面试。 有两条秘诀会让你获益匪浅：一是准备，二是信心。 首先要做好面试前的准备工作。 要尽可能多地了解自己所申请的这份工作以 及自己想去的这家单位的情况。 我所采访过的许多雇主都对应聘者作了同样的批评： “ 应聘者对申请岗位上的日常工作有什么意义 (会带来什么结果 )一无所知，他们空具 改进公司的前景 或 为公司服务 的模糊概念，却从来不下功夫去了解他们将被要求去做的实际工作。 ” 不要让这种事发生在自己身上。它表明你对雇主和工作毫不在意，当然你也不会讨人家喜欢。 花些时间设身处地替面试官想一想，他所需要的是踏实能干、性格随和开朗、对工作确有热情的人。 你所了解到的关于这位新雇主的情况，都可以在面试中为你所用，它表明你为了效力于意中的新雇主已经下了番功夫，熟悉了其中的一些工作。 把想要询问的问题写下来 (并记在心里 )。这样，当面试官让你发问时，就不至于无话可说。切记不要一上去就询问假日及薪水问题。自己的所有问题得到解答后，你要说： “ 我刚才确实有些问题，但您已经全部解答过了。 ” 你若要确信面试中对方话中的隐含之意，想请对方说明，不要畏缩，但一定要有礼貌。 前去面试之前，要把这家单位的招聘广告原文、对方的回信、自己的求职信或申请表以及个人简历的复印件再看一遍。 这样，你会记起自己曾说过什么，对方要求什么条件。如果你短时间内应聘过许多工作，这一点尤为重要，因为你很容易把它们互相混淆，而且给人留下效率不佳的印象。 要记清楚自己面试的时间、地点，若有必要，提前一两天去看一下安排面试的楼房 (但不要走进面试间 )，弄清楚路上花多少时间，面试地点的确切位置。 要争取提前五至十分钟到达面试地点，这样，你手头还有一点儿时间，不至于因迟到而慌恐不安。若是慌慌张张赶去面试，或者迟到了十分钟，一开始你就处于不利的境地。 着装要干净、利落、保守一些。现在绝不是你一身蓬克打扮、随便一试的时候，也不是女孩子上身领口大开、下身超短裙装束的时候。此外，鞋子、双手和头发也要整整洁洁。 要带上约你前去面试的信函，以免出现交流方面的问题。 面试官也许只有一个，也许是几人专门小组。后者自然更令人担惊害怕，但不要因此过分怯场。 面试官和你之间很可能摆放着一张桌子，但你可不能把自己的东西或手臂放在上面。 你若带有提包或提箱，就放在你座椅旁边的地上，不要极不自然地紧抓不放，更不要把包扔到地上，将里边的东西洒得满地都是。 若对方先伸手过来，要跟人家握手。若是五个人的面试小组，逐个跟你握手的可能性微乎其微。所以，即使没人与你握手，你也不必难过。 握手时要有力度 软弱无力让人感觉你意志薄弱，当然用力过大 会让人疼痛不已。不要刚握手就马上松开，那样会让人觉得你对他没有好感。 谈吐要礼貌、自然，即便你很害羞。回答每个问题都要三思而后行。 你若是听不懂，就问一下： “ 麻烦您再解释一下刚才的问题好吗 ?” 这样，面试官就会换换字眼把问题重复一遍。 对方若是既未明确接受你，又未明确表示回绝，你就问： “ 请问我什么时候能知道面试结果 ?” 你若是真的收到了让你前去工作的信件，你切记要尽快写封回信 (要保留复印件 )。 祝大家好运 ! (剩余 部分略 ) 完整版请 QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 五、 课后答案 （ 完整版 共 4.4 页 ） Unit 1-A Exercises for the Text 阅读理解 1 d all of the above 2 C decision making also means risk taking 3 C Alternatives， choice， decision 4 a is good for a large organization 5 d personal beliefs 从课文中找出下列词语的同义词 1 alternative 2。fundamental 3 accompany 4 implement 5 precedent 6 attain 7 objectives 8 vary 9 multiple l0 isolate 词义搭配 1 C make decisions 2 d design programs 3 i solve problems 4 j survive accidents 5 g seize opportunities 6 e pursue studies 7 h attain goals 8 a earn money 9 f consume time l0 b pay debts 完形填空 One evening while my wife and I were entertaining our dinnerguests， our five-year-old daughter Debbie helped her mother serve dessert(甜食 ) Debbie brought the first slice of pie from the kitchen andplaced the plate in front of me.I politely passed it to the woman next tome Debbie put another slice of pie before me and again watched as Ipassed it to another guest “You might as well keep it， ”my daughtersaid Theyre all the same size 汉译英 1 Decision makers should make a best guess at what the future will be 2 Some people suggest that everything a manager does involves decisions 3 If there is no right choice there is no right decision to be made 4 Solutions vary because different people define the same problem in different terms 5 A decision maker is usually the key to business development of a company。 Vocabulary Exercises 用所绐单词的适当形式填空 1 a be organized b organizational C organization 2 a simple b simplified C simply d simplification 3 a profit b profitable c profitability 4 a intention b intended c unintended 用下列单词的适当形式填空 1 precedent 2 skilled 3 achievement 4 implement 5 optimal 6 goal 7 accomplish 8 accompanies 9 tendency l0 ongoing 汉译英 1 He was accompanied to the concert by his friends 2 He has argued her out of her decision 3 His success was due in part to luck 4 In accordance with his suggestion the procedure has been remarkably simplified 5 The broadcast station predicted that it would be colder tomorrow 6 Movement is defined as a change in position or place Unit 1-B Exercises for the Text 根据课文判断正误 1 T 2 T 3 F 4 F 5 F 6 F 7 F 8 F 9 F l0 T 根据课文填入所缺内容 1 preparation， confidence 2 idea 3 unattractive indifference 4 hardworking，personality， interest 5 speechless 6 holidays， pay 7 clean， neat， conservative 8 the floor beside your chair 9 politely， naturally 10 Would you mind rephrasing the question， please Vocabulary Exercises 从课文 B 中找出与下列各句中划线部分意义最相近的词语 1 at a disadvantage 2 conservative 3 indifference 4 make sure 5 vague 6 clutched 7 turned down 8 to your advantage 9 clean and neat l0 prospects 11 take the trouble to 12 place Grammar Exercises 指出下列句中 as 的词性及语法功能，并把句子译成汉语 1 as 作连词，引导让步状语从句。 约翰虽然努力了，但还是一个词也想不起来。 2 as 作连词，引导比较状语从句。 哈利和他几个弟兄一样，长得异乎寻常地高。 3 as 作连词，引导比较状语从旬。 这儿有块儿大石头没人能搬起来。 4 as 作关系代词，引导限定性定语从句。 他们和我持同样的观点。 5 as 作关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句。 外语无用论是错误的，过去相当一部分人就持此观点。 6 as 作关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句。 如前所述，语法不是一套一成不变的规则。 7 as 作关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句。 海伦精神有点失常，她的同学都看得出来。 8 as作关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句。 以后你就会发现，所有的事情现在都已安排妥当。 9第一个 as 作副词，表示程度；第二个 as 作连词，表示比较。 她和妹妹舞跳得一样好。 10第一个 as 作副词，表示程度；第二个 as 作连词，表示比较。 他们爱他，她也同样爱他。 11 as 作连词，引导比较状语从句。 他还没有她年龄大。 12 as 作介词，构成介词短语作状语。 他小时候就参了军。 13习语 as long as 引导时间状语从句。 既然你在这里，我们何不讨论一下我们的计划呢 ?t4 as作连词，引导方式状语从句。 他根据自己的理解撰写关于中国的文章。 15习语 as if 引导方式状语从句。 他总是努力工作，好像从不知疲倦似的。 16 as 作连词，引导方式状语从句。 你怎么对待我，我就怎么对待你。17 as 作副词，构成状语成分。 他是部门领导，也确实得签这 份文件。 18 as 作介词，构成介词短语作定语。 你要对整个工作负责。 19 as 作介词，构成介词短语作宾语补足语。 他们认为他是一个了不起的人。20 as 作介词，构成介词短语作宾语补足语。 这怎么能说成是缺乏经验呢 ? 把 as 插入下列各句。注意正确使用大小写 1 Can you throw a stone as far as the tree?2 As regards that matter I have no objection 3 As to his mother I know nothing about her 4 As for you， I will never want to see you again 5 She does not own him as her own husband 6 He is a guest， and we should receive him as such 7 I as well as you dont lie 8 As is the teacher So is the pupil 9 Badly wounded as he was， he never lost hope 10 Child as he is， he can tell right from wrong 11 As he was ill I went there alone 12 He reached out his hand as though he were trying to catch something 13 You had better manage the business as before 14 We must study as long as we are alive 15 He has put his energy into literature - the same as his sisters have put theirs into music 16 They dont love him So much as she 17 He spoke so loudly as to be heard by all in the classroom 18 As is often the case the girl forgot to bring her dictionary 19 They are doing the same work as I did last year 20 We have never doubted the honesty of so good a man as you are 用 as 把下列句子译成英语 1 I have the same opinion as he 2 He was ill as other passengers 3 As was reported the man was knocked over by a car 4 He is not so foolish as to fail to understand that 5 He is not as strong as John 6 Spell the word as in American English 7 As I was speaking， I saw a dog lying on the lawn 8 Hard as he worked， he was not good at mathematics.9 As is the father， so is the son 10 He works as a teacher of English in a high school (剩余 部分略 ) 完整版请 QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 六、 单元测试题 （ 完整版 共 10.6 页， 18 套 ） Unit 1 Vocabulary and Structure 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 1 Franklins ability to learn from observations and experience _ greatly to his success in public life A owed B contributed C related D attached 2 She did not go there with them， as she felt she was _ A by the way B in no way C in the way D in a way 3 His words and expression suggested that he _ satisfied with the answer A was B should C be D is 4 The handwriting is difficult to _ A read B be read C reading D being reading 5 The importance of multiple objectives is also based _ ， on the values of the decision maker A in ahead B in hand C in part D on the part 6 They wrote a letter of thanks to _ had helped them A who B whom C whomever D whoever 7 Toms fluent English gives him an advantage _ other boys for the job A above B with C than D over 8 He tried to join the army but was _ because of his poor health A turned over B turned on C turned down D turned back 9 We made plans for a visit but _ difficulties with the car prevented it A subordinate B subsequent C afterward D consequent 10 He has no word to say this matter A as for B as to C as since D as far as Word Spelling 将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及用短线表示的其余字母数均已给出。 1完成，实现 v. a _ 2后果，结果 n. c _ 3目标，目的 n o _ 4定义，解释 n d _ 5现象 n. P _ 6伴随，陪同 v. a _ 7识别 v i _ 8趋势 n. t _ 9社区；共同体 n c _ 10保守的；保存的 adj. e _ 11预言；预示 v. P _ 12计划；方案 n s _ 13熟练的；有技能的 adj. s _ 14达到；完成 v. a _ 15当前的 adj. c _ 16面试；面谈 n i _ 17展望，景象 n P _ 18个性；人格 n P _ 19澄清；阐明 n e _ 20批评；评论 n c _ Word Form 将括号中的各词变为适当形式填入空白。 1 If he should fail， we _ (courage)him to try again 2 She stood up _ (see)better 3 He spent a _ (profit)afternoon in the library 4 For the sake of _ (simple)。 the tax form is divided into three sections 5 Her _ (cold)of manner and apparent aloofness distressed him greatly 6 When Bobs father died。 he、 received many peoples help and _ (sympathetic) 7 These people remain _ (isolate)from the outside society even nowadays 8 As the wages were low， there were few _ (apply)for this position 9 We _ (object)to accepting his advice 10 They filed downstairs with the job _ (accomplish) Cloze Test 卞面短文有 10 个空白。每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案。 Your purpose，as a student， should be to master all your subjects To do 1 is necessary to work steadily throughout the year， not just in the last few weeks before your examinations Keep up-to-date with course work week 2 week so that you have time to think about each subject， to undertake background reading， and to learn as you go along. If your days and weeks are 3 organized， you should be up-to date with your studies at the end of each week and therefore at the end of each 4 You can then use each vacation， depending upon its 5 ， as an opportunity for a short break from your studies-for a few days in a short vacation or for two or three weeks in a long vacation But remember that college vacations are not intended to be holidays 6 should they be devoted entirely to paid employment Most full-time students spend a little more than half of each year at college In vacations， therefore， allocate many hours to active study to keep each subject 7 in your mind and to build upon the foundations laid at college Do not waste time Without planning at the start of each vacation， and 8 self-discipline every day， you may find that the time slips away and you achieve little or 9 You can easily lose an hour by getting up late， then lose another reading a newspaper or magazine after breakfast， and so on Instead， 10 positive： regard each vacation as an opportunity for revision， consolidation， and background reading， as well as for recreation， so that you comer to feel that you know your subjects and are well prepared for the next terms work 1 A this B it C this it D it this 2 A by B after C for D and 3 A full B well C high D such 4 A term B day C course D subject 5 A period B 1ength C shape D value 6 A No B Not C None D Nor 7 A 1ive B 1ived C alive D Nor 8 A exceeding B executing C exercising D exciting 9 A anything B everything C something D nothing 10 A be B being C been D to be Reading Comprehension 阅读下面 短文。从短文的问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 If a business is to be started funds must first be obtained from some source The money may come from the would-be businessmans personal savings or it may be borrowed from a bank Whatever the source， the money has to be obtained and， when it has obtained， it must be properly handled When a business has been formed， a number of important decisions will have to be made， such as what premises are to be used and， for a manufacturing concern， what plant and machinery will be needed Then a supplier has to be found， from whom the materials needed for manufacturing the product-the raw materials-will be obtained， and the terms of credit will have to be agreed Then there are a number of other decisions to be made， such as how many people are to be employed and what equipment they will need， how many telephones are to be installed， etc. And all of these will require financing Once these decisions have been made，交流学习 共同进步 更多资料索取请 QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 it will be necessary to implement them and start the manufacturing process as soon as possible Until the business has a product for which there is a demand， and has succeeded in selling that product， there will be a continuous drain from the pool of money If the business finances are not properly managed， it may well disappear altogether The successful integration of people and materials requires good management and the more effectively this is done， the better for the business 1 In the authors opinion， what is the first thing you need if you want to start up a new business? A A manager B Money C A supplier D A market 2 A would-be businessman is one who _ A used to be a businessman B is engaged in business C intends to do business as his career D has saved a large amount of money for business 3 Mentioned in the second paragraph are _ examples of decisions to be made when a business has been formed A four B five C six D seven 4 Why is it good to start production as soon as possible? A In order to begin earning money B To meet the demand of the customers C To supply the market with the products D To have a continuous drain from the pool of money 5 The best title for the passage would be _ A How to Make Money B HOW to Make a Decision C How to Start Up a Business D A Guide to Good Management Translation from Chinese into English 将下面的句子译成英语。 1这种事情因人而异。 2对管理者来说，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等因素的制约。 3我们想知道是谁把人定义为理性动物的。 4从系统的观点看，问题的产生有很多种原因，决策既有预期的结果，也有意料之外的结果。 5他们充分利用了旅馆的设备。 Translation from English into Chinese 将下面短文译成汉语。 Decision making is choosing But decision making requires you to think about what you are doing Decision making involves choosing from a number of alternatives what will be best for you Decision making is knowing when you need to make a choice Some choices are made frequently， and how they turn out does not make much difference Other choices can have very important results How they turn out can make a difference now and sometimes can even change the future For this kind of serious decision making， you will want to be as informed as possible You will want to be sure enough of your choice so that you will know what the consequences are likely to be for yourself arid for others involved Decisions are not made in a vacuum They are made within a frame work of values， goals， standards，resources， and priorities Values give meaning to your decisions Goals give them direction Standards offer you a basis for comparison and a guide for adjusting values and goals Resources make it possible to reach goals Priorities enable you to rank values， goals，standards， and resources in their order of importance to you Together they form your framework for decision making 参考答案 Vocabulary and Structure 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 C 6 D 7 D 8 C 9 B 10 B Word Spelling 1 accomplish 2 consequence 3 objective 4 definition 5 phenomenon 6 accompany 7 identify 8 tendency 9 community 10 conservative 11 predict l2 scheme 13 skilled l4 attain l5 current 16 interview l7 prospect l8 personality 19 clarification 20 criticism Word Form 1 would encourage 2 to be seen 3 profitable 4 simplicity 5 coldness 6 sympathies 7 isolated 8 applicants 9 object 10 accomplished Cloze Test 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 B 6 D 7 C 8 C 9 D 10 A V Reading Comprehension 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 C Translation from Chinese into English 1 This sort of thing varies from person to person 2 For managers，every decision has constrains based on policies ， procedures， laws， precedents， and the like 3 We wonder who defined man as a rational animal 4 From a systems point of view， problems have multiple causes and unintended consequences 5 They took full advantage of the hotels facilities Translation from English into Chinese 决策即选择，但决策要求考虑人们的所作所为。决策是从若干可选项中选择最佳方案。决策要了解何时需要选择。有些选择经常发生，最后结果如何，无关紧要。但有些选择的结果非常重要，可能影响到现在，甚至会改变未来。对于后果严重的决策，要尽可能有清楚的了解。对自己的选择要有充分把握，使其后果有利于自己和有关的他人。决策不是凭空做出的，它有一定的框架，其中包括价值观、目标、标准、资源和选择的优先次序等。价值观赋于决策以意义， 目标决定决策的方向。标准是比较决策优劣的依据，对调整价值观和目标起导向作用。资源使目标实现成为可能。优先次序使价值观、目标、标准和资源能按其重要性进行排序。所有这些因素综合起来形成决策的框架。 (中间部分略 ) 完整版请 QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 Unit 15 Vocabulary and Structure 从下列各旬四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 1 The computer _ down the fences around the practical intelligence A turns B pulls C throws D gets 2 There may be a tendency to mistake data _ wisdom A with B for C to D into 3 Easy and convenient acres to facts can produce unlimited good only if it is matched by the desire and ability to find out _ they mean， and _ would lead A what，which B that， where C what， where D which， where 4 If we begin _ certainties we shall end _ doubts A from， in B with， with C in， in D with，in 5 The poet reminds men _ their uniqueness A with B of C up D for 6 There will be efforts to bring women into fields such as engineering that have traditionally been _ “male” A classified B considered C fixed D set 7 Instead， the battle cry for _ will be the demand for performance and accountability A the90s B the 90s C the 90s D the 90s 8 For 30 years， employers have been hiring graduates for their de grees _ their abilities A more than B other than C different than D rather than 9 _ English， he has to study Japanese as a foreign language A except B beside C in addition to D rather than 10 _ a few babies learn to walk by the age of two and to talk by the age of three A All but B Nothing but C None but D All of Word Spelling 将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及用短线表示的其余字母数均已给出。 1单独地 ad s _ 2跳跃 v l _ 3坚持，固执 v P _ 4丰富 n P _ 5生命的 a v _ 6逻辑学 n l _ 7估价，评价 v e _ 8生的，未加工的 a r _ 9最后的 a u _ 10遮掩 v o _ 11过度的，过分的 a u _ 12具体的 a c _ 13征服 v c _ 14贫瘠的，无菌的 a s _ 15证据 n P _ 16具有，拥有 v P _ 17缺乏的，稀有的 a s _ 18促进，提升 n P _ 19毕业文凭 n d _ 20使结合 v i _ Word Form 将括号中的各词变为适当形式填入空白。 1 Electronic brains can reduce the profusion of dead ends _ (involve)in vital research 2 Facts are terrible things if _ (1eave)spreading and unexamined 3 The computer knows how _ (conquer)error 4 Men were challenged by error and would not stop _ (think)and exploring until they found better approaches 5 The _ (special)expresses only the particular 6 The poet can help to supply the subconscious with material to enhance its _ (sensitive) 7 Competition and _ (choose)are already beginning to infiltrate the school system 8 The examinations would test the knowledge and abilities of graduates _ (apply)for jobs 9 The greatest challenge to education is likely _ (come)from our new opportunities for diversity 10 The _ (continue)professional education of highly schooled adults may be the fastest growing industry Cloze Test 下面短文有 10 个空白。每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案。 Early childhood education is a fairly new field， although it has old roots For a long time， people believed that 1 important happened in a childs early years and that young children were not ready to learn 2 they entered formal schooling at the age of six It was accepted that all children needed before they were of school age Was a home 3 their physical needs were met Even after Freud revealed that important emotional development occurs in the early years， society 4 in the idea that anyone who worked with children under six was “only babysitting”， a 5 that you occasionally still hear today Recent research on the importance of the early years has shown that early experience has a great impact 6 all areas of a childs development and has suggested that the childs 7 teacher is an extremely important person in the childs life 8 ，there is a gap between research and practice Programs for children under five are still privately 9 for the most part A few states provide some preschool programs， but federal support for early childhood education is largely 10 to programs for low-income families and even these programs have been subject to federal budget cuts 1 A something B anything C nothing D everything 2 A since B until C because D once 3 A that B which C when D in which 4 A neglected B suspected C insisted D Persisted 5 A proverb B statement C phrase D complaint 6 A on B of C for D at 7 A own B first C next D 1ast 8 A Yes B No C So D Yet 9 A run B 1eft C moved D sent 10 A 1imited B reduced C added D united Reading Comprehension 阅读下面短文，从短文的问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 What can parents do if their son or daughter is obviously in a poor school but that is all there is available? This is a fairly standard problem， but there is no standard answer to it The first thing to say is that parents should be very sure of their ground before concluding that all their problems are located in the school For example， poor marks for a student with good ability do not necessarily denote a poor school All they really say is that the pupil is not responding to his teachers and that the teachers have said so in the marks they have given him， which is what would be expected in a standard school situation The trouble may be anywhere-the home， the maturity of the student，his health， his program， or in one or more of the teachers If it were centered entirely in the school， it might even be hard to detect， for a poor school may give good marks to all students good and bad But assuming that parents are sure of themselves， the first step is to see what can be done in the school itself It is rare that a school is all bad， and if some bright spots can be located，then there is the possibility of improvement， particularly if the community will support it Beyond this community approach， parents themselves might undertake to supply the needed extra instruction If they cant do this systematically， they can at least be sure that the student has all the home can provide him in the way of study materials reference works， and books to read， and they can encourage him to teach himself Still another method would be to take correspondence courses， which in nearly all states are available through one of the state universities or colleges There are also the courses now being offered on television Private tutoring is another possibility In other words， the parents can and must improve the situation， and should not just sit back and moan over the school The student can still study if he wants to， and the results will show up in his interest and preparation eyen if they dont show up in his marks 1 What is the authors attitude towards the “poor school” problem? A Where there are poor students， there may be a poor school B There is absolutely no such a concept whatsoever as “poor school” C There may be a so called poor school， but it needs to be justified D There are people who are poor but there are no schools which are really poor 2 What does the word “ground” refer to in this context (see Para graph 2)? A The family position B The reason for saying something C The area for a special purpose D The motivation for doing something 3 Why may a good student get poor marks? A He is not really a good student B It is the parents that are to blame C It is on the part of the teacher that accounts for D There is not a simple， straightforward answer 4 If there is some problem about the quality of the school，you may， as the author suggested， _ A shift your son to a better school B ask the community for help C encourage your son to stay home and teach himself D go to school undertaking the extra instruction 5 In addition to education at school， which of the following ways of extra instruction that seems popular in China but is not mentioned in the passage? A Courses are offered on television B Courses are taught through correspondence C Private tutors are employed D Children are tutored by their parents Translation from Chinese into English 将下面的句子译成英语。 1人们会把电脑作为智力的替代物，丽不是智力的延伸。 2人们受到错误的挑战时，不愿停止思考和探索，直到发现好的解决办法。 3诗人可以帮助我们为潜意识提供材料，加强其敏锐度。 4现在，许多大的用人单位都要对求职毕业生进行知识和能力两方面的测试。 5竞争和选择已开始渗透进入学校系统。 Translation from English into Chinese 将下面短文译成汉语。 What is a good education? Is it one that covers as much as possible of human history and achievements，past and present? Or one that gives graduates the ability to find employment promptly when they leave school? Is it a broad education or a specialized one? Should it provide students with a vast collection of facts， or merely train them to think? Should a future engineer gain only the knowledge that will enable him to do his job properly， or would a richer background improve his professional ability as well as his personal life? The debate goes on and on with good arguments on both sides In the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries， the question was not even worth asking A good education was， of course， a broad one based on the humanities(人文学科 ) An educated man knew “something about everything” He Was familiar with the great deeds and the great ideas of the past。 He had read extensively； he Was able to use his own language correctly and often elegantly He could join in any conversation about plants，planets， painters or politics He was at ease in the world，and he knew that his education would open to him any career that he might want to try Even if he was mostly interested in literature， he had some knowledge of the sciences and the techniques of his time 参考答案 Vocabulary and Structure 1 B 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 B 6 B 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 A Word Spelling 1 solely 2 1eap 3 persist 4 profusion 5 vital 6 logic 7 evaluate 8 raw 9 ultimate 10 obscure 11 undue l2 concrete 13 conquer l4 sterile l5 proof 16 Possess l7 scare l8 promotion 19 diploma 20 integrate Word Form 1 involve 2 1eft 3 to conquer 4 thinking 5 specialist 6 sensitivity 7 choice 8 applying 9 to come 10 continuing Cloze Test 1 C 2 B 3 D 4 D 5 C 6 A 7 B 8 D 9 A 10 A Reading Comprehension 1 C 2 B 3 D 4 B 5 D Translation from Chinese into English 1 The computer may be regarded as a substitute for intelligence instead of an extension of it 2 When men were challenged by error they would not stop thinking and exploring until they found better solutions 3 The poet can help to supply the subconscious with material to enhance its sensitivity 4 Now many major employers ale testing the knowledge and abilities of graduates applying for jobs 5 Competition and choice are already beginning to infiltrate the school system Translation from English into Chinese 什么是良好的教育 ?是不是一种尽可能包罗我们的历史和今昔成就的教育 ?或是一种使毕业生在离校后能马上找到职业的教育 ?那是一种一般的教育还是专门教育 ?它应该给学生提供大量收集来的事实，还是训练他们思考 ? 一个未来的工程师是否只应该获得能使他干好本职工作的知识 ?更广博的知识是否不仅会改善他的个人生活而且也可提高他的业务能力 ?这个问题至今争论不休，双方都 有充分的论据。在 l8、 19 世纪，这个问题甚至不值得一提。良好的教育当然是基于人文学科的一般性教育。一个受过教育的人 “凡事都懂一点 ”。他熟悉古代的伟大业绩和思想，他博览群书，能正确地使用他的语言，而且常常用得很高雅。他能参加任何关于植物、行星、画家或政治的谈话。他日子过得自在舒畅，知道他所受的教育会给自己开辟任何他想从事的事业的道路。他虽然对文学深感兴趣，但也懂得一些科学知识和他那个时代的技术。 单元综合测试题 (一 )(Units l 5) Vocabulary and Structure 从下列各句四 个选项中选出一个最佳答案。并写在答题纸的相应括号内。 1 Find out all you can about the job you are applying _ and the organization you hope to work for A for B to C by D with 2 The white rock groups freely took _ elements from jazz ， from American country music ， and other sources A on B over C to D up 3 _ average， about 5000 a year is spent on each private school pupil， more than twice the amount spent on state school students A By B On C In D For 4 At the end of l994 the British Government introduced new measures to help _ domestic workers from abuse by their employers A inspect B expect C suspect D protect 5 Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space _ which matter has fallen and _ which nothing can escape A towardstowards B throught hrough C intofrom D out offrom 6 Often managers must make a best guess _ what the future will be A of B for C at D to 7 If you are not definitely accepted or turned _ on the spot， ask： “When may I expect to hear the results of this inter view?” A down B up C in D out 8 And in studio recordings， new techniques made possible effects that not even on electronic band could produce _ A 1ively B 1iving C 1ived D 1ive 9 We can see from his notebooks how he worked over his themes-how he would not let them _ until they were as perfect as he could make them A be B being C been 交流学习 共同进步 更多资料索取请 QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 D is 10 The maid was executed after being convicted _ murder， despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established A for B with C of D by Cloze Test 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案。并写在答题纸的相应括号内。 The Deaf Musician When people treat you with love ， kindness ， and understanding ， you develop good feelings about yourself You have a 11 serf-image When people ignore，mistreat， or reject you， you tend to develop bad feelings about yourself At such times your self-image is negative No 12 how you feel about yourself， there is another “you” This is the person you show l3 your public image People react to what they see to your appearance and l4 They cannot react to your thoughts and feelings and how you really are inside There is also a third “you” You have l5 is called an ideal image An ideal image is the person you would like to be and would like other people to see Your self-image， your public image， and your ideal image are pieces of the complex puzzle of personality An integrated， or l6 ， personality is the result of the long and sometimes painful process of growing up At different stages of life peoples identifies change 17 ， you probably now aye putting your identity as a child behind you and developing the identity of a young adult All your previous identities will l8 to your new sense of serf You can fit all these pieces into a satisfying whole To do this inv(fives effort and decision making 19 on thinking and reasoning Remember，though， that this is not a one-time process As with your other needs， it is ongoing Everyone， 20 of age， is continually working toward becoming what her or his idea is of a stable， whole person 11 A standard B positive C negative D wrong 12 A interest B love C matter D problem 13 A friends B audiences C people D others 14 A behavior B thought C feeling D understanding 15 A seen B one C other D what 16 A all B whole C full D part 17 A In addition B In general C For example D On the average 18 A contribute B.introduce C affect D influence 19 A focused B depended C acted D based 20 A instead B independent C regardless D because Reading Comprehension 阅读下列短文。并从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并写在答题纸的相应括号内。 Passage One Hollywood is a suburb of the city of Los Angeles in California Until 1908 it was no more than a quiet village on the northern side of the city， but in that year William Selig， one of the first people to make films， set up a film-producing workshop in Los Angeles By l911 David and William Horsely had set up another one in Hollywood， and at about the same time oil was discovered in the neighborhood Thus Hollywood quickly became a big district given over to the film industry and to oil wells The early makers of films found Hollywood a good place for their work because of its clear， sunny，rain free Weather， which allowed pictures to be taken all the year round Also， it was known that every kind of scene needed for films， whether town， country， sea, desert or snowcapped mountains， could be found within the area of California Today when most films can be “shot” under cover by man-made lighting these advantages are not so important In spite of a drop in its importance，Hollywood remains a center of film production although now making more films for television than for the cinema 21 At the beginning of this century Hollywood A was famous for its film industry B became one of the biggest cities in California C had only a small population D became a suburb of Los Angeles 22 Films could be taken all the year round in Hollywood because _ . A of the fine weather and varied scenery there B there were snow-capped mountains and the sea C oil was discovered in California D it was in the suburbs 23 The main idea of this passage is that A Hollywood is becoming less advantageous than before B Hollywood makes more television films than cinema films C Hollywood is famous for both its oil industry and film industry D Hollywood has been the most important film production place since early this century Passage Two Football is， I believe， the most popular game in England：one has only to go to one of the important matches to see this Rich and poor， young and old， one can see them all there， shouting for one side or the other To a stranger，one of the most surprising things about football in England is the great knowledge of the game which even the smallest boy seems to have He can tell you the names of the players in most of the important teams He has pictures of them and knows the results of large numbers of matches He will tell you who he expects will win such and such a match， and his opinion is usually as good as that of men three or four times his age Most schools in England take football seriously-much more seriously than nearly all European schools， where lessons are all that are important， and games are left for the children themselves In England， it is believed that education is not only a matter of filling a boys mind with facts in the classroom ， education also means the training of characters； and one of the best ways of training character is by means of games， especially team games， where the child has to learn to work with others for his team， instead of working for himself alone The school therefore plans games and matches for its pupils Football is a good team game It is good both for the body and the mind That is why it is every schools game in England 24 At football matches， people often _ one team or the other by shouting A beat C win over B laugh at D support 25 In almost all European countries ， lessons are _ A left for the children themselves B what the children like the most C is important as football games D considered the most important 26 In England， education means _ A filling the boys mind with stories B more than the teaching of knowledge C the teaching of knowledge only D training character by means of football games Passage Three All that we really need to plot out the future of our universe are a few good measurements This does not mean that we can sit down today and outline the future course of the universe with anything like certainty There are still too many things we do not know about the way the universe is put together But we do knowledge， and we have a pretty good idea of how to go about getting it Perhaps the best way to think of our present situation is to imagine a train coming into a switchyard(调车场 ) All of the switches(转辙器 )are set before the train arrives， so that its path is completely determined Some switches we can see， others we cannot There is not ambiguity if we can see the setting of a switch： we can say with confidence that some possible futures will not materialize and others will At the unseen switches， however， there is no such certainty We know the train will take one of the tracks leadingout， but we have no idea which one The unseen switches are the true decision points in the future， and what happens when we arrive at then determines the entire subsequent course of events When we think about the future of the universe， we can see out “track” many billions of years into the future， but after that there are decision points to be dealt with and possible fates to consider The goal of science is to reduce the ambiguity at the decision points and find the true road that will be followed 27 What does the author see as the function of the universes unseen “switches”? A They tell us which one of the tracks the universe will use B They enable us to alter the course of the universe C They give US information about the lunar surface D They determine which course the universe will take in the future 28 In Line 8 of Para 2 the word “track” could best be replaced by which of the following? A band B rails C path D sequence 29 For whom is the author probably writing this passage? A Train engineers B General audiences C Professors of statistics D Young children 30 Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage? A A statement illustrated by an analogy( 类比 ) B A hypothesis supported by documentation(引用文献 ) C A comparison of two contrasting theories D A critical analysis of a common assumption Word Spelling 将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。 31交响曲 n s _ 32创造性的 a c _ 33音乐家 n m _ 34模仿者 n i _ 35马戏团 n c _ 36发言人 n s _ 37统计学 n s _ 38移民的 a i _ 39任命，委任 v a _ 40安乐死 n e _ 41在全国范围内 ad n _ 42议会，国会 n P _ 43旋转 v r _ 44宇航员 n a _ 45使爆炸 v e _ 46密集度 n d _ 47投机 v s _ 48个性 n P _ 49客观的 a o _ 50伴随 v a _ Word Form 将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸 上。 51 What they will do is _ (make)prisoners more angry， more hostile 52 Almost everything a manager does _ (involve)decisions ， indeed ， some suggest that the management process is decision making 53 Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while the _ (simplify)edition is quite easy 54 Einsteins relativity theory is the only one which can explain such _ (phenomenon) 55 AU the parties _ (concern)will turn up at the meeting tomorrow 56 the committee demands that no members _ (be)absent 57 It is very _ (consider)of you to send me a birthday card 58 The secretary and headmaster of the school _ (be) present at the meeting 59 So if they do complain， they risk _ (deport) 60 The more we learn about other people， the _ (much) we understand their ideas Translation from Chinese into English 将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。 61决策者应该能够对将来做出最好的推测。 62如果我们认识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。 63安乐死的确能解除临终病人的痛苦。 64据估计在英国工作的外籍家庭佣人有两万多人。 65现代音乐很注意观众和听众的参与。 Translation from English into Chinese 将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。 Not a Gold Mine Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently A new machine called “The Revealer” has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground The machine was used in a cave near the sea-shore where-it is said-pirates used to hide gold The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it Armed with the new machine， a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground Very excited， the party dug a hole two feet deep They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless the party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk In spite of this many people are confident that “The Revealer” may reveal something of value fairly soon 参考答案 Vocabulary and Structure 1 A 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 C 6 C 7 A 8 D 9 A l0 C Cloze Test 11 B l2 C l3 D l4 A l5 D 16 B l7 C l8 A l9 D 20 C Reading Comprehension 21 C 22 A 23 C 24 D 25 D 26 B 27 D 28 C 29 B 30 C Word Spelling 31 symphony 32 creative 33 musician 34 imitator 35 circus 36 spokesman 37 statistics 38 immigrant 39 appoint 40 euthanasia 41 nationwide 42 parliament 43 revolve 44 astronaut 45 explode 46 density 47 speculation 48 personality 49 objective 50 accompany Word Form 51 make 52 involves 53 simplified 54 phenomena 55 concerned 56 (should)be 57 considerate 58 was 59 being deposed 60 more Translation from Chinese into English 61 Decision makers should make a best guess at what the future will be 62 Black holes wouldnt be so intimidating if we understand them 63 Euthanasia can really relieve dying patients from their suffering 64 There are estimated to be more than 20000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain 65 The modern music stresses the audiences participation in the performance Translation from English into Chinese 并非金矿 近来，找到了失去财宝的梦想几乎成了 现实。一台新的名叫 “显宝器 ”的机器已被发明用来探寻埋在地下的黄金。这台机器曾在海岸附近的一个山洞里用过，据说海盗过去常常在那里藏金子，海盗们总是在这个洞里埋金子，而后来又没能拿走。带着这台新机器，一个探索队开进了山洞，希望能找到埋藏的金银财宝。这个队的领队在检查靠近洞口处的土壤时，机器显示出地底下有黄金。他们十分兴奋，挖了一个两英尺深的坑。最后总算找到了一枚小金币，但几乎一文不值。接着他们彻底搜索了这个洞穴，但除了一个空铁皮箱之外，什么都没找到。尽管如此，许多人相信这台 “显宝器 ”可能不久揭示一些有价值的东西 。 单元综合测试题 (二 )(Units 6-10) (中间部分略 ) 完整版请 QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 单元综合测试题 (三 )(Units 11-15) (中间部分略 ) 完整版请 QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 七、 模拟试卷 （ 完整版 共 4 页， 4 套 ） 模拟试卷 (一 ) PART ONE Vocabulary and Structure(10 points 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 It is difficult to the implication between the lines A get to B get with C get at D get down 2 The volleyball match was televised _ on CCTV A alive B 1ire C 1ive D 1ively 3 The newspaper will have to close down if it cannot increase its _ considerably A distribution B contribution C presc6ption D circulation 4 The central theatre has a seating _ of more than 3000 people A capability B capacity C ability D facility 5 The furniture in her bedroom is quite different from in the living room A that B it C one D which 6 Because of the bad weather， me sports meet had to be _ A shut down B done away C taken off D called off 7 Jenny complained that the hospital _ her too much for the treatment A expended B paid C cost D charged 8 Having decided to rent a flat， we _ contacting housing agencies in the city A set about B set down C set out D set up 9 The book fair has received a positive _ from readers A result B response C settlement D solution 10 If the operation _ carefully prepared， it would not have been successful A was not B has not been C had not been D were not Cloze Test(10 points， 1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白。每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。 T he basic principle of radar is illustrated by what happens when one shouts in a cave The echo of the shouting 11 the walls helps a person determine the size of the cave With radar，however， the waves are radio waves instead of 12 waves Radio waves travel 13 the speed of light， about 300000 kilometers in a second A radar set 14 a short burst of radio waves Then it receives the echoes 15 when the waves bounce(反射 )off objects By determining the time it 16 for the echoes to return to the radar set a trained technician 17 determine the distance between the radar set and other objects T he word “radar”， 18 ， 9ets its name from the term “radio detection and ranging ”“Ranging” is the term for detection of the 19 between an object and the tadar set Besides being of critical importance to pilot radar is 20 for air traffic control， for tracking ships at sea， and for tracking weather systems and storms 11 A through B for C on D against 12 A sound B 1ight C heat D tide 13 A in B at C over D on 14 A sends out B works out C figures out D puts out 15 A producing B produced C produce D produces 16 A spends B takes C kills D makes 17 A can B must C ought to D has to 18 A in case B in turn C in short D in fact 19 A 1ength B width C distance D space 20 A eventual B internal C external D essential Reading Comprehension(30 points， 2 points for each item) 从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。 Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage Among the company was a lawyer， a young man of about twentyfive On being asked his opinion， he said， “Capital punishment and life imprisonment are equally immoral If I were to make a choice between them， I would rather choose the latter Anyway， its better to live than not to live at all ” A lively discussion followed A banker， who was then younger and more nervous than the lawyer，suddenly lost his temper and cried out， “Its a lie I bet you two millions You wouldnt stick in a cell even for five years ” “If you mean it， ”replied the young lawyer，“I bet Ill stay there longer： make it fifteen instead of five ” “Fifteen! Done!” cried the banker “Gentleman，I bet you two millions ” “Agreed Two millions for my freedom， ”said the lawyer S o this wild， ridiculous bet came to pass The banker could not hide his excitement During supper he said to the lawyer jokingly， “Come to your senses， young man， before its too late Two millions are nothing to me， but you stand to lose three or four of the best years of your life I say three or four because youll never stick it out any longer Dont forget that voluntary imprisonment is much harder to put up with than an enforced one The idea that you have the right to free yourself any moment will poison your life in 交流学习 共同进步 更多资料索取请 QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 the cell I pity you ” And now the banker， pacing from comer to corner， recalled all this and asked himself，“Why did I make this bet? Whats the good7 The lawyer lost fifteen years of his life and I threw away two millions Will it convince people that capital punishment is worse or better than imprisonment for life? No， no! Rubbish I on my part， it was the caprice(心血来潮 )of a well fed millionaire： on the lawyers part， its the pure greed of gold ” 21 The lawyer would choose life imprisonment because _ A he was younger than the banker B capital punishment was immoral C it was better than capital punishment D the banker would give him $200000 22 The author considers the bet between the lawyer and the banker _ . A interesting B ridiculous C capricious D instructive 23 The word company in the first paragraph refers to _ . A companions B bankers C 1awyers D prisoners 24 The banker was extremely excited because _ A he was too rich to care for the money B he was sure of his winning the bet C the lawyer would give up in l5 years D the lawyer would give up before 5 years 25 In the end the banker considers his bet with the lawyer _ . A rational B reasonable C beneficial D unreasonable Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage Online learning is also called distance education， which helps students who take classes by computer over the Internet to learn certain courses and earn a degree And it has become more and more popular with both young people and educational institutions T he School of Continuing and professional Studies of New York University in Manhattan began online classes in l992 Its Virtual School has taught more than l0000 students from across the United States and other countries Last year the school launched NYU Online It offers NYUs first online programs for a bachelors degree Programs are offered in three areas： leadership and management，information systems management and social sciences The classes are highly interactive， where students communicate with each other and their teachers Some classes require students to log in at the same time so they can attend live lectures by a professor Students can also ask questions and work together on team projects T he cost to attend NYU Online depends on how many classes a student is to take It costs as much as fifteen thousand dollars a year N YU offers no financial aid for international students in this program If you are interested in the program， you can get more details at the website： M any other schools， too， offer online education Students should be especially careful of programs that offer a degree in return for little or no work These are known as diploma mills， and are illegal in the United States Educational advisers also say that before you enter any program， make sure the work will be recognized in your country You should also make sure the schools you are considering are officially approved 26 The third paragraph is mainly about the _ of the programs of the School A academic goal and system B Courses and learning mode C 1earning methods and classes D courses and requirements 27 It can be inferred from the passage that international students in the programs _ A get full scholarship B pay no tuition C get no financial support D earn more money 28 Many American schools offer online programs， and international students _ A should be careful of being cheated B are certain to earn a degree C should know about programming D are faced with many difficulties 29 The word work in the second line of the last paragraph most probably means _ A what a student has written at school B what a student has Learned at school C what a student has read at school D what a student has achieved academically 30 The payment for online programs of NYU is based on _ . A the number of classes a student attends B the number of students a professor instructs C the number of semesters a student spends D the number of presentations a student makes Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage An understanding of mans effect on the balance of nature is crucial (关键的 )to being able to find the appropriate remedial action It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction This is not true The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature Developing countries do have an effect on their environment ， but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole F or example， tropical forests are known to be essential to the balance of nature，yet we are destroying them at a great rate They are being cleared not to benefit the natives of that country， but to satisfy the needs of rich countries Central American forests are being destroyed for grassland to make pet food in the United States cheaper； in Papua New Guinea，forests are destro