英语课程标准要求初中掌握的语法项目及词汇.doc

英语课程标准要求初中掌握的语法项目及词汇语法项目表1名词（1） 可数名词及其单复数（2） 不可数名词（3） 专有名词 （4） 名词所有格2代词（1） 人称代词 （2） 物主代词 （3） 反身代词 （4） 指示代词 （5） 不定代词（6） 疑问代词3数词（1） 基数词（2） 序数词4介词和介词短语5连词6形容词（比较级和最高级）7副词（比较级和最高级）8冠词9动词（1）动词的基本形式 （2）系动词（3）及物动词和不及物动词 （4）助动词（5）情态动词10时态（1）现在进行时（2）一般现在时（3）一般过去时（4）一般将来时（5）过去进行时（6）现在完成时11被动语态12非谓语动词：动词不定式13构词法（1） 合成法（2） 派生法（3） 转化法（4） 缩写和简写14句子种类（1）陈述句（肯定式和否定式）（2）疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句（3）祈使句（4）感叹句15句子成分（1） 主语 （2） 谓语（主谓一致） （3） 表语 （4） 宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）（5）定语（6）状语16简单句的基本句型（1） 主语+系动词+表语 （2） 主语+不及物动词（3） 主语+及物动词+宾语（4） 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（5） 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（6） there be句型17并列复合句18主从复合句（1）宾语从句（2）状语从句（3）定语从句词汇表说明： 1本表共收约1600个单词。2本词汇表不列词组和短语。3本词汇表不列语法术语。 4部分可根据构词法推导出的副词、名词等不单列。21Aa (an) art. ability n able a about prep & ad.above prep abroad a & ad absent a accent n accept vaccident n ache n achieve vacross prep act n & v action n active a activity n add v address n advantage n advertisement n advice n advise vafford vafraid a after ad , prep & conj afternoon n again ad against prep age n ago ad agree vagreement n air n airlineairplane n airport n alive a all a & pronallow valmost ad alone a along ad & prep aloud ad already ad also ad although conjalways ad America n American a & n among prep ancient a and conjangry a animal n another a & pronanswer n & v ant n any pron & a anybody pron anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad appear vapple n April n areaarm n army n around prep & adarrive v art n article n as ad, conj & prep Asia n Asian a & n ask v asleep a at prep Atlantic n & a attention n August n aunt n Australia n Australian a & n autumn n available a avoid n awake vaway ad Bbaby n back ad & n background n bad ( worse, worst) a bag n ball n balloon n bamboo n banana n bank n baseball n basic a basket n basketball n bathroom n be (is, am, are, was, were, being, been) aux vbeach n bear n beat v & n beautiful a because conj become (became, become) v bed n bedroom n bee n beef n before prep, ad & conjbegin (began, begun) v behaviour n behind prep believe vbell n below prep beside prep besides prep & ad between prep beyond prep big a bike =bicycle nbill n bird n birth n birthday n biscuit n bit n bitter a black a & n blackboard n blind a blood n blow (blew, blown) vblue n & a board n boat n body n book n boring a born a borrow vboss n both pron & a bottle n bottom n bowl n box n boy n brain n brave a bread n break (broke, broken) v & nbreakfast n breath n breathe vbridge n bright a bring (brought, brought) v brother n brown n & a brush v & n build (built, built) vbuilding n burn (-ed, ed/burnt, burnt) vbus n business n busy a but conjbutter n butterfly n buy (bought, bought) vby prep bye interjCcabbage n cake n call v & n camel n camera n camp n & v can modal vCanada n cancel vcandle n cancer n candy n cap n capital n captain n car n card n care v & n careful a careless a carry v cat n catch (caught, caught) v cause n & vCD n CD-ROM n.ceiling n celebrate vcent n centre n century n certain a chair n chairman/woman n chalk n chance n change vchant n & v cheap a cheat vcheck n & vcheer n & v cheese n chemistry n chess n chest n chicken n child (pl. children) n China n Chinese a & n chocolate n choice n choose (chose, chosen) vchopsticks n Christmas n church n cinema n circle n & vcity n clap v & n class n classmate n classroom n clean a & vclear a clever a climb vclock n clone vclose v & a clothes n cloud n cloudy a club n coach n coal n coast n coat n coffee n coin n coke n cold a & n collect vcollege n colour (Am color) n & vcome (came, come) vcomfortable a common a communicate vcommunication n company n compare vcompetition n complete a & v composition n computer n concert n condition n conference n connect vconsider vcontinue vcontrol vconversation n cook v & n cooker n cool a copy n & v corner n correct v & a cost v & ncotton n & a cough n & vcould modal v count vcountry ncountryside n couple n courage n course n cousin n cover n & vcow n crayon n crazy a create vcross v & n cruel a cry n & v culture n cup n cut (cut, cut) v & n Ddad (daddy) n daily a, ad & n dance v & n danger n dangerous a dare v & aux vdark a & n date n daughter n day n dead a deaf a deal vdear a death n December n decide vdecision n deep a & ad degree n delicious a dentist n depend v describe v desk n develop vdevelopment n dialogue (Am dialog) n diary n dictionary n die v difference n different a difficult a difficulty n dig (dug, dug) vdinner n direct a & vdirection n director n dirty a discover vdiscovery n discuss v discussion n disease n dish n dismiss vdisturb vdivide vdo (did, done) vdoctor n dog n doll n dollar n door n double a & n doubt n & vdown ad & prep downstairs ad dozen n draw (drew, drawn) vdrawer n dream (-ed, -ed/dreamt, dreamt) v & n dress n & vdrink (drank, drunk) v & n drive (drove, driven) v driver n drop n & vdrug n drum n dry v & a duck n dumpling n during prep duty n DVD nEeach a & pronear n early a & ad earth n east n, a & adeasy a eat (ate, eaten) vedge n education n effort n egg n eight num eighteen num eighth numeighty num either a , conj & ad elder aelectric a elephant n eleven numelse ae-mail n & vempty a encourage vend n & v enemy n energy n engineer n England n English n & a enjoy venough a & ad enter venvironment n eraser n especially ad Europe n European a & neven ad evening n ever ad every a everybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything proneverywhere ad exam =examination n examine vexample n excellent a except prep excite vexcuse n & v exercise v & n expect vexpensive a experience n experiment n explain v express veye n Fface n & v fact n factory n fail vfair afall (fell, fallen) vfamily n famous a fan n fantastic a far(farther, farthest/further, furthest) a & ad farm n farmer n fast a & ad fat a father n favourite (Am favorite) a & n fear n February n feed (fed, fed) vfeel (felt, felt) vfeeling n festival n fetch vfever n few pron & afield n fifth num fifty num fight (fought, fought ) v & n fill vfilm n final a find (found, found) vfine a finger n finish v fire n first num, a & ad fish n fisherman n fit a & vfive num fix vflag n flat n floor n flower n flu n fly1 (flew, flown) vfly2 n follow vfood n foot (pl. feet) n football n for prep force vforeign a foreigner n forest n forget (forgot, forgot) vfork n form n forty num forward ad four num fourteen num fourth num fox n free a freeze (froze, frozen) vfresh a Friday n fridge (=refrigerator) n friend n friendly a friendship n frog n from prep front a & n fruit n full a fun n funny a furniture n future n Ggame n garden n gate n general a gentleman n geography n gesture n get (got, got) v gift n giraffe n girl n give (gave, given) v glad a glass n glove n go (went, gone) vgoat n god n gold n & a golden a good ( better, best) a goodbye (bye-bye) interjgoose (pl. geese) n government n grade n grammar n grandchild ngranddaughter n grandma = grandmother n grandpa = grandfather n grandparent n grandson n granny n grape n grass n great a green a & ngreeting n ground n group n grow (grew, grown) v guard n guess v guest n guitar n gun n gym = gymnasium n Hhabit n hair n half a & n hall n ham n hamburger n hand n handbag n handsome a handwriting n hang (hung, hung) vhappen v happy a hard ad & a hardly ad hat n hate v & n have ( has, had, had) v he pronhead n headache n health n healthy a hear (heard, heard) vheart n heat n heaven n heavy a height n hello (hi) interjhelp v & n helpful a hen n her pronhere ad hero n herself pron hide (hid, hidden) vhigh a hill n him pron himself pron his pronhistory n hit (hit, hit ) vhobby n hold (held, held) vhole n holiday n home n & ad hometown n homework n honest a honour (Am honor) n & vhope n & v horse n hospital n hot a hotdog n hotel n hour n house n housework n how ad however ad & conjhuge a human a & n humorous a hundred num hungry a hurry vhurt (hurt,hurt) vhusband n II pron ice n ice-cream n idea n if conj ill a illness n imagine vimmediately ad important a impossible a improve vin prep inch n include vincrease v & n India n Indian a & nindustry n influence n information n ink n inside prep insist vinstead ad instruction n intention n interest n interesting a international n Internet n interview n & vinto prep introduce v introduction n invent vinvention n invite v iron n & visland n it prop.its pron itself pron Jjacket n January n Japan n Japanese n & a jeans n job n join v joke n & v joy n juice n July n jump vJune n just a & ad Kkeep (kept, kept) v key n keyboard n kick v & n kid n kill vkilo = kilogram n kilometre n kind1 akind2 nking n kiss n & v kitchen n kite n knee n knife (pl. knives) n knock v & n know (knew, known) vknowledge n Llab = laboratory n labour (Am labor) n lady n lake n lamb n lamp n land n & vlanguage n large a last a & vlate a & ad laugh n & v law n lay (laid, laid) vlazy a lead (led, led) vleader n leaf (pl. leaves) n learn (learnt, learnt) vleast n leave (left, left) v left a & n leg n lemonade n lend (lent, lent) v lesson n let (let, let) v letter n level n library n license n lie1 (lay, lain) vlie2 v & n life n lift vlight n, v & alike v & prepline n lion n list n & vlisten v little a litter (less, least) v & n live vlively a lock n & vLondon n lonely a long a look v & n lose (lost, lost) vlot n loud a love v & n lovely a low a & ad luck n lucky a lunch n Mmachine n mad a madam = madame n magazine n magic a mail n main a make (made, made) vman (pl. men) n manage vmanager n many ( more, most) pron & a map n March n mark n & vmarket n marriage n marry vmaster v & n match v & n math(s) = mathematics n may modal v May n maybe ad me pronmeal n mean (meant, meant) vmeaning n meat n medical a medicine n meet (met, met) vmeeting n member n memory n mend vmention n & vmessage n menu n metal n & a method n metre (Am meter) n middle n might modal v mile n milk n mind n & v minepronminute n mirror n miss1 n miss2 vmistake (mistook, mistaken) v & n model n modern a mom (Am mum) n moment n Monday n money n monitor n monkey n month n moon n more a , ad & n morning n most a & ad mother n motorcycle n mountain n mouse (pl. mice) n mouth n move vmovie n Mr. (mister) n Mrs. (mistress) n Ms. n much a murder vmuseum n music n must modal v my pronmyself pronNname n national a natural a nature n near a nearly ad necessary a neck n need modal v, v & n neighbour (Am neighbor) n neither a nervous a never ad new a news n newspaper n next a & adnice a night n nine num nineteen num ninety num ninth num no ad & a nobody n & pronnod vnoise n none pronnoodle n noon n nor conjnormal a north a & n northern a nose n not ad note n & vnotebook n nothing pronnotice n & vNovember n now ad number n nurse n OOK ad object n ocean n October n of prepoff prep & ad offer v & n office n officer n often ad oil n old a on prep once n , ad & conj one num & prononeself pron only ad open a & v operation n or conj orange a & n order v & n other pron & a our pron ourselves pron out ad outside n , ad & prep over prep & ad overcoat n own a & v owner n PP.C. = personal computer n P.E. = physical education n Pacific n & apackage n page n paint n pair n palace n pale a pancake n panda n paper n pardon n parent n park1 n park2 vpart n party n pass vpassage n passenger n passport n past n , a & preppath n patient1 n patient2 a pay (paid, paid) vpeace n pear n pen n pence n pencil n penny n people n percent n perfect a perhaps ad period n person n personal a pet n phone = telephone v & n photo = photograph n physics n piano n pick vpicnic n picture n pie n piece n pig n pilot n ping-pong n pink n & a pioneer n pity n place n & v plain a & n plan n & v plane n planet n plant v & n plastic n & a plate n play vplayground n pleasant a please vpleasure n plenty n pocket n poem n point v & n police n policeman (policewoman) n policy n polite a pond n pool n poor a pop = popular a popular a population n pork n position n possible a post vpostcard n postman n potato n pound n practice n practise (Am pratice) vpraise n & vprepare vpresent n president n pretty a prevent vprice n pride n primary a print vprison n prisoner n private a prize n probably ad problem n produce vprogramme (Am program) n progress n & vpromise n & v pronounce v pronunciation n proper a protect vproud a prove vprovide vpublic a & n pull v & n punish vpupil n purple a & npurpose n purse n push n & vput (put, put) vQquarter n queen n question n quick a & ad quiet a quite ad Rrabbit n race n radio n railway n rain v & n raincoat n rainy a raise vrapid a rat n rather ad reach vread (read, read) vready a real a realise (Am realize) vreally ad reason n receive vrecent a recite v record v & nrecorder n red a & nrefuse vregard vregret n & vrelation n relax v remain vremember v repair n & vrepeat v reply v & nreport n & vrequire vresearch n rest n & v restaurant n result n retell v return vreview v & n rice n rich a ride (rode, ridden) vriddle n right n & a ring (rang, rung) v & n rise (rose, risen) vrisk n river n road n robot n rock n role n room n rope n rose n round ad , prep & a row vrubber n rubbish n rule n & vruler n run (ran, run) vrush vRussia n Russian n & aSsad a safe a & nsafety n sail n & vsalad n sale n salt n same n & a sand n sandwich n satisfy vSaturday n sausage n save vsay (said, said) vscarf n school n schoolbag n science n scientist n score n & vscreen n sea n search n & v